Infectious Disease Prevention: Hospital and Office

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Flynn ◽  
S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention

scholarly journals Estimation of the Overall Treatment Effect in the Presence of Interference in Cluster-Randomized Trials of Infectious Disease Prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bohme Carnegie ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Victor De Gruttola
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Treatment Effect Estimate ◽  
Partial Interference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cluster Randomized

AbstractAn issue that remains challenging in the field of causal inference is how to relax the assumption of no interference between units. Interference occurs when the treatment of one unit can affect the outcome of another, a situation which is likely to arise with outcomes that may depend on social interactions, such as occurrence of infectious disease. Existing methods to accommodate interference largely depend upon an assumption of “partial interference” – interference only within identifiable groups but not among them. There remains a considerable need for development of methods that allow further relaxation of the no-interference assumption. This paper focuses on an estimand that is the difference in the outcome that one would observe if the treatment were provided to all clusters compared to that outcome if treatment were provided to none – referred as the overall treatment effect. In trials of infectious disease prevention, the randomized treatment effect estimate will be attenuated relative to this overall treatment effect if a fraction of the exposures in the treatment clusters come from individuals who are outside these clusters. This source of interference – contacts sufficient for transmission that are with treated clusters – is potentially measurable. In this manuscript, we leverage epidemic models to infer the way in which a given level of interference affects the incidence of infection in clusters. This leads naturally to an estimator of the overall treatment effect that is easily implemented using existing software.

scholarly journals IMMUNIZATION AS A HEALTHY AGING STRATEGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S212-S212
Author(s):  
Eduardo De Gomensoro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract The burden of infectious disease is heavier at the extremes of life: the youngest and the oldest typically have the highest incidence of infectious diseases along with morbidity and mortality. Demographic studies show by the next decade, adults over 65 will outnumber children under 5 years of age. Unfortunately, vaccination coverage in older adults even where permissive recommendations exist is universally lower than in infants or children. Key reasons are a lack of knowledge and understanding of the benefits of vaccination, and inconsistent recommendations by providers. Recently, the concept of ‘healthy aging’ – regular vaccination and lifestyle modification including exercise and diet – has been proposed to go beyond disease prevention and address quality of life issues such as the ability to remain in work, and to live independently. Public and healthcare provider education to ascertain the value of older adult’s immunization are critical for the fulfilment of this agenda.

scholarly journals A brief history of the development of infectious disease prevention, control, and biosafety programs in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Liang Huigang ◽  
Xiang Xiaowei ◽  
Huang Cui ◽  
Ma Haixia ◽  
Yuan Zhiming
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
History Of
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