scholarly journals Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts from Cotinus coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale, Hedera helix, Aralia elata, Leptopus chinensis and Mahonia aquifolium

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
V. V. Zazharskyi ◽  
P. О. Davydenko ◽  
O. М. Kulishenko ◽  
I. V. Borovik ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Hedera Helix ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Aralia Elata ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium ◽  
Rhus Typhina ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria

The search for promising plants with bactericidal and fungicidal activity is of great interest for practical and veterinary medicine, This article reveals the high antibacterial effect of the use of ethanol extracts from 8 species of plants of the families Anacardiaceae (Cotinus coggygria Scop., Rhus typhina L., Rhus trilobata Nutt. and Toxicodendron orientale Greene), Araliaceae (Hedera helix Linnaeus and Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), Phyllanthaceae (Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.), Berberidaceae (Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.) against 23 strains of bacteria and one strain of fungi. The in vitro experiment revealed the zone of inhibition of growth of colonies exceeding 8 mm during the application of ethanol extracts of C. coggygria against twelve species of microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovi, Corynebacterium xerosis, Rhodococcus equi, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans), Rhus typhina – against twelve species (E. faecalis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Rhus trilobata – against fourteen (E. faecalis, E. сoli, S. аureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Рseudomonas аeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica and C. albicans), Toxicodendron orientale – against eleven (E. faecalis, S. аureus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Campylobacter jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Р. аeruginosa and C. albicans), Hedera helix – against seven (S. аureus, S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris and C. albicans), Aralia elata – against nine (E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, C. xerosis, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Leptopus chinensis – only against four (E. coli, S. epidermidis, B. cereus and P. mirabilis) and Mahonia aquifolium – against only three species (S. epidermidis, C. jejuni and P. vulgaris). As a result of the research, the most promising for studying in future regarding in vivo antibacterial activity were determined to be C. coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale and Aralia elata.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts from Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. V. Zazharskyi ◽  
P. О. Davydenko ◽  
O. М. Kulishenko ◽  
I. V. Borovik ◽  
A. M. Kabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Juniperus Sabina

We determined a high antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of four species of gymnosperms (Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia) against 23 strains of bacteria of families Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae), Staphylococcaceae (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis), Yersiniaceae (Yersinia enterocolitica), Bacillaceae (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus), Listeriaceae (Listeria ivanovi, L. іnnocua, L. monocytogenes), Corynebacteriaceae (Corynebacterium xerosis), Campylobacteraceae (Campylobacter jejuni), Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus equi), Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas аeruginosa) and one strain of fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family (Candida albicans). The experiment in vitro revealed zone of inhibition of growth of colonies, measuring over 8 mm, produced by ethanol extracts from J. sabina against seven species of bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Rh. equi and P. аeruginosa), Ch. lawsoniana – against five species (E. coli, B. subtilis, L. іnnocua and Rh. equi), P. menziesii –two species (Rh. equi and P. mirabilis), C. harringtonia – ten species of microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes, C. xerosis, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens and C. albicans). As a result of the research, the most promising plants for further in vivo study of antibacterial activity were C. harringtonia and J. sabina.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts of 38 species of plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
V. V. Zazharskyi ◽  
P. О. Davydenko ◽  
O. М. Kulishenko ◽  
I. V. Borovik ◽  
N. M. Zazharska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Galenic preparations are broadly used against microorganisms pathogenic to humans, thought their poteintial in this aspect is not studied completely. In our in vitro experiment we studied the influence of alcohol tinctures from 38 species of plants on 15 species of bacteria and one species of fungus. Zones of growth inhibition of colonies measuring over 8 mm were observed during the use of ethanol extracts of Maclura pomifera against eight species of microorganisms (Escherichia сoli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Rhodococcus equi, Campylobacter jejuni and Corynebacterium xerosis), Ginkgo biloba – against eight species (Enterococcus faecalis, S. marcescens, Y. enterocolitica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria іnnocua, L. monocytogenes, Р. аeruginosa and C. jejuni), Genista tinctoria – against seven species (E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, Р. аeruginosa and Rh. equi), Phellodendron amurense – against seven species (E. faecalis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, Rh. equi, C. jejunі, C. xerosis and Candida albicans), Berberis vulgaris – against seven species (P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, C. jejuni, Р. аeruginosa and C. xerosis), Vitex negundo – against six species (E. faecalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium and Rh. equi), Koelreuteria paniculata – against six species (E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, C. jejunі and E. coli), Magnolia kobus – against six species (E. faecalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, C. jejunі and C. xerosis), Liriodendron tulipifera – against six species (K. pneumoniae, Listeria іnnocua, Р. аeruginosa, C. jejuni, Rh. equi and C. albicans), Clematis flammula – against six species (E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, L. monocytogenes, Р. аeruginosa, C. jejuni and C. xerosis), Wisteria sinensis – against five species (E. coli, S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, Rh. equi and C. albicans), Chimonanthus praecox – against five species (E. faecalis, S. marcescens, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni and Rh. equi), Colchicum autumnale – against five species (S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes and Р. аeruginosa). As a result of the study, these plants were found to be the most promising for further study of in vivo antibacterial activity. In the search of antibacterial and antifungal activities, the following plants were observed to be less promising: Ailanthus altissima, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Artemisia absinthium, Callicarpa bodinieri, Campsis radicans, Catalpa duclouxii, Celastrus scandens, Dictamnus alba, Eucommia ulmoides, Geranium sanguineum, Laburnum anagyroides, Nepeta racemosa, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Polygonatum multiflorum, Prunus dulcis, P. laurocerasus, Ptelea trifoliata, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus castaneifolia, Q. petraea iberica, Salvia officinalis, Securigera varia, Styphnolobium japonicum, Tamarix elongata and Vitex agnus-castus.

scholarly journals Reversible inhibition of bacterial growth after specific inhibition of spermidine synthase by dicyclohexylamine

1984 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mattila ◽  
T Honkanen-Buzalski ◽  
H Pösö
Keyword(s):  
Final Concentration ◽  
Spermidine Synthase ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The effect of dicyclohexylamine on seven freshly isolated bacterial strains of mastitis pathogens was studied. Streptococcus uberis was the most sensitive strain investigated, since 5 mM-dicyclohexylamine totally arrested its growth and 1.25 mM of the drug caused 60% growth inhibition. The Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were also sensitive to the drug, but less so than Strep. uberis, since 5 mM drug caused only partial inhibition of growth. Micrococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. grew in the presence of 10.0 mM-dicyclohexylamine, and, finally the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae was not at all affected by dicyclohexylamine. These different sensitivities towards dicyclohexylamine in vivo were paralleled by different sensitivities of the bacteria's spermidine synthase to the drug in vitro, and also by the ability of the drug to lower spermidine concentration in bacterial cells. Spermidine synthase from sensitive bacteria was inhibited by more than 90% by 50 microM-dicyclohexylamine in vitro, and the concentration of spermidine was decreased in E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa by 70% and in Strep. uberis by 95%, whereas in Strep. agalactiae 5 mM-dicyclohexylamine did not affect the concentration of spermidine at all. Dicyclohexylamine treatment led to the accumulation of putrescine in Strep. uberis. Spermidine synthesis catalysed by the extracts of Micrococcus sp. required 500 microM-dicyclohexylamine for 90% inhibition, and Strep. agalactiae contained a spermidine synthase that was still active at 1000 microM-dicyclohexylamine, The observed inhibition of growth was totally reversed by adding 50 microM-spermidine (final concentration) to the medium. Putrescine reversed the inhibition only when bacteria had a spermidine synthase activity insensitive to dicyclohexylamine. Spermine did not overcome the inhibition of growth caused by dicyclohexylamine, probably because it was not taken up by the bacterial cells used in this study. The inhibition of the growth by dicyclohexylamine (even in the case of Strep. uberis) was reversible in the sense that addition of 50 microM-spermidine 18 h after dicyclohexylamine still restored the growth rate of untreated controls.

Rapid, Refined, and Robust Method for Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human Amyloid-beta M1-42

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prakash ◽  
Travis Lantz ◽  
Krupal P. Jethava ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients primarily consists of amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42). Commercially, Ab42 is synthetized using peptide synthesizers. We describe a robust methodology for expression of recombinant human Ab(M1-42) in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and BL21(DE3)pLysS competent E. coli with refined and rapid analytical purification techniques. The peptide is isolated and purified from the transformed cells using an optimized set-up for reverse-phase HPLC protocol, using commonly available C18 columns, yielding high amounts of peptide (~15-20 mg per 1 L culture) in a short time. The recombinant Ab(M1-42) forms characteristic aggregates similar to synthetic Ab42 aggregates as verified by western blots and atomic force microscopy to warrant future biological use. Our rapid, refined, and robust technique to purify human Ab(M1-42) can be used to synthesize chemical probes for several downstream in vitro and in vivo assays to facilitate AD research.

scholarly journals Functional identification of ygiP as a positive regulator of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Oshima ◽  
Francis Biville
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
New Members ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inner Membrane Protein ◽  
Tartrate Dehydratase

Functional characterization of unknown genes is currently a major task in biology. The search for gene function involves a combination of various in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. Available knowledge from the study of more than 21 LysR-type regulators in Escherichia coli has facilitated the classification of new members of the family. From sequence similarities and its location on the E. coli chromosome, it is suggested that ygiP encodes a lysR regulator controlling the expression of a neighbouring operon; this operon encodes the two subunits of tartrate dehydratase (TtdA, TtdB) and YgiE, an integral inner-membrane protein possibly involved in tartrate uptake. Expression of tartrate dehydratase, which converts tartrate to oxaloacetate, is required for anaerobic growth on glycerol as carbon source in the presence of tartrate. Here, it has been demonstrated that disruption of ygiP, ttdA or ygjE abolishes tartrate-dependent anaerobic growth on glycerol. It has also been shown that tartrate-dependent induction of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon requires a functional YgiP.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Disulfide Reductase, Trx-h2, Functions as an RNA Chaperone under Cold Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6865
Author(s):  
Eun Seon Lee ◽  
Joung Hun Park ◽  
Seong Dong Wi ◽  
Ho Byoung Chae ◽  
Seol Ki Paeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rna Chaperone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Thioredoxin H ◽  
Functional Rnas

The thioredoxin-h (Trx-h) family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises cytosolic disulfide reductases. However, the physiological function of Trx-h2, which contains an additional 19 amino acids at its N-terminus, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of Trx-h2 both in vitro and in vivo and found that Arabidopsis Trx-h2 overexpression (Trx-h2OE) lines showed significantly longer roots than wild-type plants under cold stress. Therefore, we further investigated the role of Trx-h2 under cold stress. Our results revealed that Trx-h2 functions as an RNA chaperone by melting misfolded and non-functional RNAs, and by facilitating their correct folding into active forms with native conformation. We showed that Trx-h2 binds to and efficiently melts nucleic acids (ssDNA, dsDNA, and RNA), and facilitates the export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under cold stress. Moreover, overexpression of Trx-h2 increased the survival rate of the cold-sensitive E. coli BX04 cells under low temperature. Thus, our data show that Trx-h2 performs function as an RNA chaperone under cold stress, thus increasing plant cold tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacterial CLPB Protein Fragments on Food Intake and PYY Secretion

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2223
Author(s):  
Manon Dominique ◽  
Nicolas Lucas ◽  
Romain Legrand ◽  
Illona-Marie Bouleté ◽  
Christine Bôle-Feysot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vivo Effects

CLPB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein is a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, an anorectic hormone. Previous in vivo studies have already shown the potential effect of CLPB protein on food intake and on the production of peptide YY (PYY) by injection of E. coli wild type (WT) or E. coli ΔClpB. However, until now, no study has shown its direct effect on food intake. Furthermore, this protein can fragment naturally. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the in vitro effects of CLPB fragments on PYY production; and (ii) to test the in vivo effects of a CLPB fragment sharing molecular mimicry with α-MSH (CLPB25) compared to natural fragments of the CLPB protein (CLPB96). To do that, a primary culture of intestinal mucosal cells from male Sprague–Dawley rats was incubated with proteins extracted from E. coli WT and ΔCLPB after fragmentation with trypsin or after a heat treatment of the CLPB protein. PYY secretion was measured by ELISA. CLPB fragments were analyzed by Western Blot using anti-α-MSH antibodies. In vivo effects of the CLPB protein on food intake were evaluated by intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice using the BioDAQ® system. The natural CLPB96 fragmentation increased PYY production in vitro and significantly decreased cumulative food intake from 2 h in C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice on the contrary to CLPB25. Therefore, the anorexigenic effect of CLPB is likely the consequence of enhanced PYY secretion.

scholarly journals Lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12. Chromatographic heterogeneity and the lysU-gene product

1987 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Charlier ◽  
R Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases

In contrast with most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli is coded for by two genes, the normal lysS gene and the inducible lysU gene. During its purification from E. coli K12, lysyl-tRNA synthetase was monitored by its aminoacylation and adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)adenosine (Ap4A) synthesis activities. Ap4A synthesis was measured by a new assay using DEAE-cellulose filters. The heterogeneity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) was revealed on hydroxyapatite; we focused on the first peak, LysRS1, because of its higher Ap4A/lysyl-tRNA activity ratio at that stage. Additional differences between LysRS1 and LysRS2 (major peak on hydroxyapatite) were collected. LysRS1 was eluted from phosphocellulose in the presence of the substrates, whereas LysRS2 was not. Phosphocellulose chromatography was used to show the increase of LysRS1 in cells submitted to heat shock. Also, the Mg2+ optimum in the Ap4A-synthesis reaction is much higher for LysRS1. LysRS1 showed a higher thermostability, which was specifically enhanced by Zn2+. These results in vivo and in vitro strongly suggest that LysRS1 is the heat-inducible lysU-gene product.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽  
Alina Elena Pârvu ◽  
Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽  
Marcel Pârvu ◽  
Eva Fischer Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

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