scholarly journals Surface water pollution risk assessment of wadis, Mekerra and Saïda, in the North-Western of Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Ahmed Guenfoud ◽  
Mohamed Benyahia ◽  
Abdelkader Bouderbala
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
High Water ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Considered as the main stream of hydrographic network of Mactaa’s basin, in the west highlands of Algeria, both wadis, Mekerra and Saïda, are affected by pollution which is generated by anthropogenic activities. Makara and Saïda wadis cross the urban areas of Sidi-Bel-Abbes and Saïda respectively, in the west of Algeria, which constitute a real problem of human safety. In order to identify the pollution state on these wadis, samples have been collected during three periods of time (June 2011, July 2012 and April 2013) in the goal to characterize the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of surface water.Results obtained describe clearly the existence of chemical and organic pollution in both wadis at high levels of calcium, magnesium, chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, phosphate, DBO5 and dissolved oxygen. The evaluation of organic pollution index (OPI) confirmed that there is a high organic pollution, upstream, which increases with high water passage towards urban areas of both cities (OPI).The bacteriological analysis results obtained show presence of high contents of faecal bacteria contamination (total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (TC) and faecal streptococci(FS))principally in wadi Saïda. The relationship between FC/FS justifies the predominance of human origin than of animal as source of contamination. While, the determination of microbiological quality index (MQI), for each wadi, confirms degradation of microbiological quality by the faecal pollution, mainly in Saïda urban area.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Spatial Water Pollution Status at The Rivers Estuaries in Cirebon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Izhamil Hidayah ◽  
Hedi Indra Januar ◽  
Dwiyitno Dwiyitno ◽  
Nining Betawati Prihantini
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
West Monsoon

Cirebon has 18 rivers that flow into the Java Sea. The Cirebon rivers play an important role in several sectors such as industrial, agriculture, household, and also aquaculture. The increasing anthropogenic activities, may have affected the health and quality of the Cirebon rivers and the surrounding area. This study aimed to determine the water pollution level of Cirebon rivers based on the Storage and Retrieval (STORET) and Pollution Index approaches. The study was conducted at seven different rivers located in the districts (kabupaten) and municipals (kotamadya) of Cirebon. The observation was performed during the end of the west monsoon (March 2019) as well as the beginning (July 2019) and the end of the east monsoon (November 2019). The STORET score of the Cirebon district rivers were between -10 and -20, which is categorized as lightly to moderately polluted. Similarly, most of the Cirebon municipal rivers were moderately contaminated throughout the year (-18 to -30). In contrast, the Pollution Index (PI) values of all observed rivers were between 1.0 to 5.0 which are categorized as lightly polluted.

Social Spatialization and the Built Environment: The West Edmonton Mall

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shields
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
The West ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Capital

The West Edmonton Mall, situated on the northwestern extremities of the Canadian Prairies, and the largest shopping–leisure complex at the time of writing, draws shoppers from all over North America and even Japan. As a privatized public space which diverts consumers from other urban areas it has occasioned much civic boosterism. It presents a fascinating set of interventions in the local social spatialization of a regional capital on the North American cultural periphery. The Mall both imposes and implies changes in the spatial patterns of everyday life, in the imaginary geography of sites of consumption in North America, and in conceptions of the world as a space of distance and difference. To draw on Lefebvre, the creation of such a space in the built environment, called a hyperspace by some, amounts both to a new representation of the spatial and to a ‘space of representation’. Building upon the work of Benjamin and Bakhtin, an analysis of liminality and carnival in the Mall's reunion of the rational and the ludic provides a critical perspective from which to evaluate recent work by Gottdiener on shopping malls. This leads to a view which pays close attention to users' resistance to the above suggestions through refunctioning and ‘hijacking’ the mall space for their own purposes.

A STUDY ON PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN RIVER GANGA AT ALLAHABAD, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Tandon ◽  
Neelam Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
River Ganga

Presence of microscopic algae can cause taste and odour problems, water discoloration, or form large mats that can interfere with boating, swimming, and fishing. The present study was conducted to assess the phytoplankton assemblages which in turn can serve as a suitable method to assess the quality of river ecosystem. Diversity of phytoplankton in river Ganga in Allahabad at five sampling stations was conducted from March to April 2014. Plankton identified in the river mainly composed of the members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae families.The Palmer pollution index values were calculated to know the level of organic pollution and to support the data. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative estimates 15 significant algal species were identified which can tolerate high degree of pollution. The abundance of phytoplanktons in april was greater than in march. Abundance of phytoplanktons and algal bloom was maximum at Chhatnag ghat whereas at Sangam low phytoplankton diversity was found.In general, moderate temperature, low current velocity and high transparency of water appear to be better the conditions for algal growth in the river Ganga. These findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality of the river due to industrial, commercial and anthropogenic activities. The status of phytoplankton diversity of river Ganga was quite low indicating that the river is highly polluted.

TBE in Belarus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volha Kniazeva ◽  
Wilhelm Erber ◽  
Tamara Vuković-Janković
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
The West ◽  
Major City ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Belarus is a landlocked country of eastern Europe with a population of 9.4 million, of which 78.4% reside in urban areas bordered by Lithuania and Latvia to the north west, by Russia to the north and east, by Ukraine to the south, and by Poland to the west. The country of Belarus is divided into six administrative districts (Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Minsk, Mogilev, Vitebsk regions) each centered around a major city (Minsk). Much of the country consists of flat lowlands separated by low-level topped hills and uplands; the highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hill, being only 1135 feet (346 meters) above sea level. Over half of the surface area of Belarus lies below 660 feet (200 meters), and about 40% of the country is forested. The most common tick species in Belarus are Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus.

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban CO2 Measurement and Source Attribution in Munich Based on TDLAS-WMS and Trajectory Analysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lan ◽  
Homa Ghasemifard ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Stephan Hachinger ◽  
Xinxu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions mainly come from cities and their surrounding areas. Thus, continuous measuring of CO2 in urban areas is of great significance to studying human CO2 emissions. We developed a compact, precise, and self-calibrated in-situ CO2/H2O sensor based on TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy), WMS (wavelength modulation spectroscopy), and VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser). Multi-harmonic detection is utilized to improve the precision of both measurements to 0.02 ppm for CO2 and 1.0 ppm for H2O. Using the developed sensor, we measured CO2 concentrations continuously in the city center of Munich, Germany, from February 2018 to January 2019. Urban CO2 concentrations are strongly affected by several factors, including vegetation photosynthesis and respiration (VPR), planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, and anthropogenic activities. In order to further understand the anthropogenic contribution in terms of CO2 sources, the HySPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model was applied to calculate six-hour backward trajectories. We analyzed the winter CO2 with the trajectory clustering, PSCF (potential source contribution function), and CWT (concentration weighted trajectory) methods, and found that local emissions have a great impact on urban CO2 concentration, with main emission sources in the north and southeast directions of the measurement site. In situations with an uneven trajectory distribution, PSCF proves somewhat superior in predicting the potential emission sources compared to CWT.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

Rola Avarského Kaganátu Pri Vzniku Slovenčiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-236
Author(s):  
Martin Braxatoris ◽  
Michal Ondrejčík
Keyword(s):  
Slavic Language ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
North Edge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slovak Language

Abstract The paper proposes a basis of theory with the aim of clarifying the casual nature of the relationship between the West Slavic and non-West Slavic Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language. The paper links the absolute chronology of the Proto-Slavic language changes to historical and archaeological information about Slavs and Avars. The theory connects the ancient West Slavic core of the Proto-Slavic base of the Slovak language with Sclaveni, and non-West Slavic core with Antes, which are connected to the later population in the middle Danube region. It presumes emergence and further expansion of the Slavic koiné, originally based on the non-West Slavic dialects, with subsequent influence on language of the western Slavic tribes settled in the north edge of the Avar Khaganate. The paper also contains a periodization of particular language changes related to the situation in the Khaganate of that time.

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Sorin Geacu
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
The West ◽  
Spreading Area ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
North Western

The population of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) in Tulcea county (Romania) The presence of the Red Deer in the North-western parts of Tulcea County is an example of the natural expansion of a species spreading area. In North Dobrogea, this mammal first occurred only forty years ago. The first specimens were spotted on Cocoşul Hill (on the territory of Niculiţel area) in 1970. Peak numbers (68 individuals) were registered in the spring of 1987. The deer population (67 specimens in 2007) of this county extended along 10 km from West to East and 20 km from North to South over a total of 23,000 ha (55% of which was forest land) in the East of the Măcin Mountains and in the West of the Niculiţel Plateau.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

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