scholarly journals Alkalmazott mesterséges intelligencia felhasználási területei és biztonsági kérdései – Mesterséges intelligencia a gyakorlatban

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Péter Ekler ◽  
Dániel Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range

Összefoglalás. A mesterséges intelligencia az elmúlt években hatalmas fejlődésen ment keresztül, melynek köszönhetően ma már rengeteg különböző szakterületen megtalálható valamilyen formában, rengeteg kutatás szerves részévé vált. Ez leginkább az egyre inkább fejlődő tanulóalgoritmusoknak, illetve a Big Data környezetnek köszönhető, mely óriási mennyiségű tanítóadatot képes szolgáltatni. A cikk célja, hogy összefoglalja a technológia jelenlegi állapotát. Ismertetésre kerül a mesterséges intelligencia történelme, az alkalmazási területek egy nagyobb része, melyek központi eleme a mesterséges intelligencia. Ezek mellett rámutat a mesterséges intelligencia különböző biztonsági réseire, illetve a kiberbiztonság területén való felhasználhatóságra. A cikk a jelenlegi mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazások egy szeletét mutatja be, melyek jól illusztrálják a széles felhasználási területet. Summary. In the past years artificial intelligence has seen several improvements, which drove its usage to grow in various different areas and became the focus of many researches. This can be attributed to improvements made in the learning algorithms and Big Data techniques, which can provide tremendous amount of training. The goal of this paper is to summarize the current state of artificial intelligence. We present its history, introduce the terminology used, and show technological areas using artificial intelligence as a core part of their applications. The paper also introduces the security concerns related to artificial intelligence solutions but also highlights how the technology can be used to enhance security in different applications. Finally, we present future opportunities and possible improvements. The paper shows some general artificial intelligence applications that demonstrate the wide range usage of the technology. Many applications are built around artificial intelligence technologies and there are many services that a developer can use to achieve intelligent behavior. The foundation of different approaches is a well-designed learning algorithm, while the key to every learning algorithm is the quality of the data set that is used during the learning phase. There are applications that focus on image processing like face detection or other gesture detection to identify a person. Other solutions compare signatures while others are for object or plate number detection (for example the automatic parking system of an office building). Artificial intelligence and accurate data handling can be also used for anomaly detection in a real time system. For example, there are ongoing researches for anomaly detection at the ZalaZone autonomous car test field based on the collected sensor data. There are also more general applications like user profiling and automatic content recommendation by using behavior analysis techniques. However, the artificial intelligence technology also has security risks needed to be eliminated before applying an application publicly. One concern is the generation of fake contents. These must be detected with other algorithms that focus on small but noticeable differences. It is also essential to protect the data which is used by the learning algorithm and protect the logic flow of the solution. Network security can help to protect these applications. Artificial intelligence can also help strengthen the security of a solution as it is able to detect network anomalies and signs of a security issue. Therefore, the technology is widely used in IT security to prevent different type of attacks. As different BigData technologies, computational power, and storage capacity increase over time, there is space for improved artificial intelligence solution that can learn from large and real time data sets. The advancements in sensors can also help to give more precise data for different solutions. Finally, advanced natural language processing can help with communication between humans and computer based solutions.

scholarly journals Real-time gaze estimation via pupil center tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cazzato ◽  
Fabio Dominio ◽  
Roberto Manduchi ◽  
Silvia M. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Gaze Estimation ◽  
Head Pose ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Illumination Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Estimation System

Abstract Automatic gaze estimation not based on commercial and expensive eye tracking hardware solutions can enable several applications in the fields of human computer interaction (HCI) and human behavior analysis. It is therefore not surprising that several related techniques and methods have been investigated in recent years. However, very few camera-based systems proposed in the literature are both real-time and robust. In this work, we propose a real-time user-calibration-free gaze estimation system that does not need person-dependent calibration, can deal with illumination changes and head pose variations, and can work with a wide range of distances from the camera. Our solution is based on a 3-D appearance-based method that processes the images from a built-in laptop camera. Real-time performance is obtained by combining head pose information with geometrical eye features to train a machine learning algorithm. Our method has been validated on a data set of images of users in natural environments, and shows promising results. The possibility of a real-time implementation, combined with the good quality of gaze tracking, make this system suitable for various HCI applications.

scholarly journals Anomaly Identification during Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Using Artificial Intelligence Trained from Simulated Data

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Villarreal-González ◽  
Antonio J. Acosta-Hoyos ◽  
Jaime A. Garzon-Ochoa ◽  
Nataly J. Galán-Freyle ◽  
Paola Amar-Sepúlveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Simon Bolivar ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Available Information

Real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR is the gold standard for detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to its sensitivity and specificity, thereby meeting the demand for the rising number of cases. The scarcity of trained molecular biologists for analyzing PCR results makes data verification a challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI) was designed to ease verification, by detecting atypical profiles in PCR curves caused by contamination or artifacts. Four classes of simulated real-time RT-PCR curves were generated, namely, positive, early, no, and abnormal amplifications. Machine learning (ML) models were generated and tested using small amounts of data from each class. The best model was used for classifying the big data obtained by the Virology Laboratory of Simon Bolivar University from real-time RT-PCR curves for SARS-CoV-2, and the model was retrained and implemented in a software that correlated patient data with test and AI diagnoses. The best strategy for AI included a binary classification model, which was generated from simulated data, where data analyzed by the first model were classified as either positive or negative and abnormal. To differentiate between negative and abnormal, the data were reevaluated using the second model. In the first model, the data required preanalysis through a combination of prepossessing. The early amplification class was eliminated from the models because the numbers of cases in big data was negligible. ML models can be created from simulated data using minimum available information. During analysis, changes or variations can be incorporated by generating simulated data, avoiding the incorporation of large amounts of experimental data encompassing all possible changes. For diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, this type of AI is critical for optimizing PCR tests because it enables rapid diagnosis and reduces false positives. Our method can also be used for other types of molecular analyses.

scholarly journals Outlier Detection Transilience-Probabilistic Model for Wind Tunnels Based on Sensor Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2532
Author(s):  
Encarna Quesada ◽  
Juan J. Cuadrado-Gallego ◽  
Miguel Ángel Patricio ◽  
Luis Usero
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Data Set ◽  
First Case ◽  
Anomaly Analysis

Anomaly Detection research is focused on the development and application of methods that allow for the identification of data that are different enough—compared with the rest of the data set that is being analyzed—and considered anomalies (or, as they are more commonly called, outliers). These values mainly originate from two sources: they may be errors introduced during the collection or handling of the data, or they can be correct, but very different from the rest of the values. It is essential to correctly identify each type as, in the first case, they must be removed from the data set but, in the second case, they must be carefully analyzed and taken into account. The correct selection and use of the model to be applied to a specific problem is fundamental for the success of the anomaly detection study and, in many cases, the use of only one model cannot provide sufficient results, which can be only reached by using a mixture model resulting from the integration of existing and/or ad hoc-developed models. This is the kind of model that is developed and applied to solve the problem presented in this paper. This study deals with the definition and application of an anomaly detection model that combines statistical models and a new method defined by the authors, the Local Transilience Outlier Identification Method, in order to improve the identification of outliers in the sensor-obtained values of variables that affect the operations of wind tunnels. The correct detection of outliers for the variables involved in wind tunnel operations is very important for the industrial ventilation systems industry, especially for vertical wind tunnels, which are used as training facilities for indoor skydiving, as the incorrect performance of such devices may put human lives at risk. In consequence, the use of the presented model for outlier detection may have a high impact in this industrial sector. In this research work, a proof-of-concept is carried out using data from a real installation, in order to test the proposed anomaly analysis method and its application to control the correct performance of wind tunnels.

scholarly journals Measuring the Effectiveness of Adaptive Random Forest for Handling Concept Drift in Big Data Streams

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz O. AlQabbany ◽  
Aqil M. Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Concept Drift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Stream Data

We are living in the age of big data, a majority of which is stream data. The real-time processing of this data requires careful consideration from different perspectives. Concept drift is a change in the data’s underlying distribution, a significant issue, especially when learning from data streams. It requires learners to be adaptive to dynamic changes. Random forest is an ensemble approach that is widely used in classical non-streaming settings of machine learning applications. At the same time, the Adaptive Random Forest (ARF) is a stream learning algorithm that showed promising results in terms of its accuracy and ability to deal with various types of drift. The incoming instances’ continuity allows for their binomial distribution to be approximated to a Poisson(1) distribution. In this study, we propose a mechanism to increase such streaming algorithms’ efficiency by focusing on resampling. Our measure, resampling effectiveness (ρ), fuses the two most essential aspects in online learning; accuracy and execution time. We use six different synthetic data sets, each having a different type of drift, to empirically select the parameter λ of the Poisson distribution that yields the best value for ρ. By comparing the standard ARF with its tuned variations, we show that ARF performance can be enhanced by tackling this important aspect. Finally, we present three case studies from different contexts to test our proposed enhancement method and demonstrate its effectiveness in processing large data sets: (a) Amazon customer reviews (written in English), (b) hotel reviews (in Arabic), and (c) real-time aspect-based sentiment analysis of COVID-19-related tweets in the United States during April 2020. Results indicate that our proposed method of enhancement exhibited considerable improvement in most of the situations.

Generation of a Complete Profile for Porosity Log While Drilling Complex Lithology by Employing the Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Sabaa ◽  
Hany Gamal ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Unseen Data ◽  
Rock Porosity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Logging Tool

Abstract The formation porosity of drilled rock is an important parameter that determines the formation storage capacity. The common industrial technique for rock porosity acquisition is through the downhole logging tool. Usually logging while drilling, or wireline porosity logging provides a complete porosity log for the section of interest, however, the operational constraints for the logging tool might preclude the logging job, in addition to the job cost. The objective of this study is to provide an intelligent prediction model to predict the porosity from the drilling parameters. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a tool of artificial intelligence (AI) and it was employed in this study to build the porosity prediction model based on the drilling parameters as the weight on bit (WOB), drill string rotating-speed (RS), drilling torque (T), stand-pipe pressure (SPP), mud pumping rate (Q). The novel contribution of this study is to provide a rock porosity model for complex lithology formations using drilling parameters in real-time. The model was built using 2,700 data points from well (A) with 74:26 training to testing ratio. Many sensitivity analyses were performed to optimize the ANN model. The model was validated using unseen data set (1,000 data points) of Well (B), which is located in the same field and drilled across the same complex lithology. The results showed the high performance for the model either for training and testing or validation processes. The overall accuracy for the model was determined in terms of correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute percentage error (AAPE). Overall, R was higher than 0.91 and AAPE was less than 6.1 % for the model building and validation. Predicting the rock porosity while drilling in real-time will save the logging cost, and besides, will provide a guide for the formation storage capacity and interpretation analysis.

scholarly journals Separating damage from environmental effects affecting civil structures for near real-time damage detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Soo Lon Wah ◽  
Yung-Tsang Chen ◽  
Gethin Wyn Roberts ◽  
Ahmed Elamin
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range

Analyzing changes in vibration properties (e.g. natural frequencies) of structures as a result of damage has been heavily used by researchers for damage detection of civil structures. These changes, however, are not only caused by damage of the structural components, but they are also affected by the varying environmental conditions the structures are faced with, such as the temperature change, which limits the use of most damage detection methods presented in the literature that did not account for these effects. In this article, a damage detection method capable of distinguishing between the effects of damage and of the changing environmental conditions affecting damage sensitivity features is proposed. This method eliminates the need to form the baseline of the undamaged structure using damage sensitivity features obtained from a wide range of environmental conditions, as conventionally has been done, and utilizes features from two extreme and opposite environmental conditions as baselines. To allow near real-time monitoring, subsequent measurements are added one at a time to the baseline to create new data sets. Principal component analysis is then introduced for processing each data set so that patterns can be extracted and damage can be distinguished from environmental effects. The proposed method is tested using a two-dimensional truss structure and validated using measurements from the Z24 Bridge which was monitored for nearly a year, with damage scenarios applied to it near the end of the monitoring period. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method for damage detection under changing environmental conditions. The method also works despite the nonlinear effects produced by environmental conditions on damage sensitivity features. Moreover, since each measurement is allowed to be analyzed one at a time, near real-time monitoring is possible. Damage progression can also be given from the method which makes it advantageous for damage evolution monitoring.

Disease Surveillance System for Big Climate Data Processing and Dengue Transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran Manogaran ◽  
Daphne Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Disease Surveillance System

Ambient intelligence is an emerging platform that provides advances in sensors and sensor networks, pervasive computing, and artificial intelligence to capture the real time climate data. This result continuously generates several exabytes of unstructured sensor data and so it is often called big climate data. Nowadays, researchers are trying to use big climate data to monitor and predict the climate change and possible diseases. Traditional data processing techniques and tools are not capable of handling such huge amount of climate data. Hence, there is a need to develop advanced big data architecture for processing the real time climate data. The purpose of this paper is to propose a big data based surveillance system that analyzes spatial climate big data and performs continuous monitoring of correlation between climate change and Dengue. Proposed disease surveillance system has been implemented with the help of Apache Hadoop MapReduce and its supporting tools.

scholarly journals Big Data for Health Care Analytics using Extreme Machine Learning Based on Map Reduce

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2758-2762
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Data Set

A large volume of datasets is available in various fields that are stored to be somewhere which is called big data. Big Data healthcare has clinical data set of every patient records in huge amount and they are maintained by Electronic Health Records (EHR). More than 80 % of clinical data is the unstructured format and reposit in hundreds of forms. The challenges and demand for data storage, analysis is to handling large datasets in terms of efficiency and scalability. Hadoop Map reduces framework uses big data to store and operate any kinds of data speedily. It is not solely meant for storage system however conjointly a platform for information storage moreover as processing. It is scalable and fault-tolerant to the systems. Also, the prediction of the data sets is handled by machine learning algorithm. This work focuses on the Extreme Machine Learning algorithm (ELM) that can utilize the optimized way of finding a solution to find disease risk prediction by combining ELM with Cuckoo Search optimization-based Support Vector Machine (CS-SVM). The proposed work also considers the scalability and accuracy of big data models, thus the proposed algorithm greatly achieves the computing work and got good results in performance of both veracity and efficiency.

scholarly journals AdaGUM: An Adaptive Graph Updating Model-Based Anomaly Detection Method for Edge Computing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Chun Shan ◽  
Jilong Bian ◽  
Xianfei Yang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Edge Node ◽  
Model Based

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), massive sensor data are being generated by the sensors deployed everywhere at an unprecedented rate. As the number of Internet of Things devices is estimated to grow to 25 billion by 2021, when facing the explicit or implicit anomalies in the real-time sensor data collected from Internet of Things devices, it is necessary to develop an effective and efficient anomaly detection method for IoT devices. Recent advances in the edge computing have significant impacts on the solution of anomaly detection in IoT. In this study, an adaptive graph updating model is first presented, based on which a novel anomaly detection method for edge computing environment is then proposed. At the cloud center, the unknown patterns are classified by a deep leaning model, based on the classification results, the feature graphs are updated periodically, and the classification results are constantly transmitted to each edge node where a cache is employed to keep the newly emerging anomalies or normal patterns temporarily until the edge node receives a newly updated feature graph. Finally, a series of comparison experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed anomaly detection method for edge computing. And the results show that the proposed method can detect the anomalies in the real-time sensor data efficiently and accurately. More than that, the proposed method performs well when there exist newly emerging patterns, no matter they are anomalous or normal.

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