Agricultural Competitiveness after Accession - Lessons from Customs Union Theories

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-474
Author(s):  
Andrea Elekes
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Agricultural Adaptation ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Common

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a very complex area of the European integration. As agriculture (especially agricultural trade) plays a very important role in the Hungarian economy, agricultural adaptation and its competitiveness is a crucial question for the whole economy. It is worth then examining how market players are expected to respond to new market challenges. In order to reveal some competitive effects of CAP adaptation, I turned to customs union (CU) theories, focusing on the possible theoretical production and consumption reactions. Finally the relevance of these presumptions to Hungarian agricultural accession is explored, revealing certain competitive effects.

Reforming the WTO Legal Order for Agricultural Trade: Issues for European Rural Policy in the Doha Round

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cardwell ◽  
Christopher Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
The Common ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Agreement On Agriculture ◽  
Single Farm Payment

AbstractEuropean farm policy has undergone radical change in recent years, culminating in the Agenda 2000 reforms to the Common Agricultural Policy agreed in 1999 and then their Mid-Term Review in 2003. In particular, subsidy payments have been substantially ‘decoupled’ from production and switched decisively towards providing income support for farmers under a new ‘single farm payment’ scheme. These reforms have been predicated upon the need to win acceptance for Community farm subsidies in the Doha Round of WTO negotiations. This article examines the new law of the Common Agricultural Policy against the background of the domestic support reduction commitments contained in the 1994 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. It questions the extent to which the single farm payment scheme fulfils the requirements for ‘green box’ exemption from such commitments. Options for the re-negotiation of the Agreement on Agriculture are discussed, including measures to improve the justiciability of its terms and to exclude discriminatory and trade-distorting domestic support. The article also considers the implications of the recent WTO Appellate Body Decisions inUnited States—Subsidies on Upland Cotton and European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar. It concludes that the Community will have difficulty gaining acceptance for its reforms among WTO Members. Whatever the legitimacy of its subsidy regime within the framework of the current Agreement on Agriculture, the emergence of a strong negotiating position among developing countries, posited on opposition to the volume of farm support maintained by the Community and United States, may present even greater obstacles to the conclusion of a new Agreement on Agriculture in the Doha Round.

22. The Common Agricultural Policy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ève Fouilleux ◽  
Matthieu Ansaloni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter focuses on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which has long been of symbolic importance to the European integration process. The CAP, which came into force from 1962, is based on three general principles: market unity, Community preference, and financial solidarity. The chapter first considers the early days of CAP and the issue of CAP reform before discussing the policy's objectives, instruments, actors, and debates. It then explains the evolution of the CAP since the 1960s and asks why the CAP has been so problematic for European policy-makers, why CAP has been so resistant to change, and how CAP reform has come about. This chapter also examines some of the challenges facing agricultural policy, as new debates emerge among citizens on the place and the functions performed by agriculture. Particular attention is given to rural development and environmental, transparency, and equity issues.

The Common Agricultural Policy, Its Role in European Integration and Influence on the Enlargements of the Organization (Case Study: Georgia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Archil Chochia
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The article deals with the problematic of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as the crucial political question related with the European Integration. The authors describes and analysis the role of the CAP within the EU policies, its development form the very beginning of the integration its internal structure, rules of organisation, working system and financial aspects. The close concern is given to the question of the long-term sustainability of CAP and the reform for the next financial period (2014-2020). Th e special part is devoted to the influence of the CAP on the enlargement process with the special impetus to the association of Georgia to the EU.

Defiance for European Influence—the Empty Chair and France

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Ziller
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Council Meeting ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empty Chair

This chapter covers the Empty Chair crisis, the context of events leading up to the crisis, and its impact and implications on European integration. It begins with an account of the events leading up to the crisis, which was triggered by the 1965 EEC Council meeting. The issue to be solved was that of the financing rules for the common agricultural policy (CAP), although the chapter soon reveals that much more was at stake for France as well as the other Member States. One observer notes that the conflict ‘centred, more fundamentally, on the question of the governance of the Community (to use the modern phrase). The legal basis of the Commission’s activities and its independence were both in the balance’.

scholarly journals Qualitative analysis of the European Union members positions under the Common Agricultural Policy reform

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
P. Blížkovský ◽  
L. Grega
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform in 2003 represents the entry into the third phase of the CAP. The final shape of the reform packet is a result of a compromise between external and internal interests of the EU members. The external interests, such as the liberalization of the agricultural trade under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and EU enlargement, represented a common platform that in principle did not create a barrier between the member’s positions. On the other hand, internal interests of the members affected significantly their positions. The most important internal interests may be classified as follows: the EU budget spending, level of farm subsidies, effects of the reform on farm employment, farm income, rural viability, consumers, environment, food safety or animal welfare. Positions of the individual EU members were a function of the agricultural structures and competitiveness. Coalitions of the EU members were created during the reform negotiations: reform-liberal group, cohesion group, conservative group and the group of specific interests. Aims of the future members of the EU (10 candidate countries) in the reform were not to deteriorate their EU entry conditions and to guarantee equal treatment, comparable with that of the EU-15. The analysis of the EU member’s positions under the CAP 2003 reform is an inspiration for defining of the Czech Republic’s position, as a new member state, in the agricultural area.

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