Corrosion of Waste Glasses in Boom Clay: Studies of Element Concentrations by Sims

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lodding ◽  
P. Van Iseghem
Keyword(s):  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Boom Clay ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractIn-situ corrosion tests on nuclear waste glasses in Boom clay provided direct contact glass-clay at 90°C, for periods of 2, 3.5 and 7.5 years. The corroded reference glasses (two R7T7 type glasses, four Pamela type glasses), were studied in terms of SIMS (secondary ion mass spectroscopy) and mass losses.The Al2O3 rich Pamela glasses appear to corrode in a selective-substitutional way, the other glasses dissolve almost congruently. Differences in the corrosion extent between the glasses are associated with compositional differences and secondary phase formation. SIMS analysis provides the reaction layer thickness and the relative element behaviour in this layer. Although relatively few, the data have provided a coherent picture of glass corrosion, in terms of corrosion mechanisms, time and glass composition dependence.

scholarly journals In situ nuclear-glass corrosion under geological repository conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Debure ◽  
Yannick Linard ◽  
Christelle Martin ◽  
Francis Claret
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rock Supports

Abstract Silicate glasses are durable materials but laboratory experiments reveal that elements that derive from their environment may induce high corrosion rates and reduce their capacity to confine high-level radioactive waste. This study investigates nuclear-glass corrosion in geological media using an in situ diffusion experiment and multi-component diffusion modelling. The model highlights that the pH imposed by the Callovo–Oxfordian (COx) claystone host rock supports secondary-phase precipitation and increases glass corrosion compared with pure water. Elements from the COx rock (mainly Mg and Fe) form secondary phases with Si provided by the glass, which delay the establishment of a passivating interface. The presence of elements (Mg and Fe) that sustain glass alteration does not prevent a significant decrease in the glass-alteration rate, mainly due to the limited species transport that drives system reactivity. These improvements in the understanding of glass corrosion in its environment provide further insights for predictive modelling over larger timescales and space.

scholarly journals In situ observation of secondary phase formation in Fe implanted GaN annealed in low pressure N2 atmosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (23) ◽  
pp. 232506 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Talut ◽  
J. Grenzer ◽  
H. Reuther ◽  
A. Shalimov ◽  
C. Baehtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

scholarly journals Mechanisms of lipid preservation in archaeological clay ceramics revealed by mass spectrometry imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 14688-14693
Author(s):  
Simon Hammann ◽  
David J. Scurr ◽  
Morgan R. Alexander ◽  
Lucy J. E. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Inorganic Matrix

Traces of lipids, absorbed and preserved for millennia within the inorganic matrix of ceramic vessels, act as molecular fossils and provide manifold information about past people’s subsistence, diet, and rituals. It is widely assumed that lipids become preserved after adsorption into nano- to micrometer-sized pores, but to this day the distribution of these lipids in the ceramics was virtually unknown, which severely limits our understanding about the process of lipid preservation. Here we use secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging for directin situanalysis of lipids absorbed in 700- to 2,000-y-old archaeological pottery. After sectioning from larger sherds, wall cross-sections of smaller fragments were used for SIMS analysis. Lipids were found in relatively large zones of 5- to 400-µm diameter, which does not support the notion of absorption only into individual nanometer-scale pores but indicates that more macroscopic structures in the ceramics are involved in lipid preservation as well. Furthermore, lipids were found concentrated on calcium carbonate inclusions in the ceramics, which suggests that precipitation of fatty acids as calcium salts is an important aspect of lipid preservation in archaeological samples. This has important implications for analytical methods based on extraction of lipids from archaeological ceramics and needs to be considered to maximize the yield and available information from each unique sample.

scholarly journals The Importance of Secondary Phases in Glass Corrosion

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Ebert ◽  
John K. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Reaction Behavior ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Model Glass ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

ABSTRACTThe analytical expression used to model glass reaction in computer simulations such as EQ6 is compared to the results of experiments used to support the simulations. The expression correctly predicts the acceleration observed in experiments performed at high glass surface area/1eachant volume ratios (SA/V) upon the formation of secondary phases. High resolution microscopic analysis of reacted glass samples suggests that the accelerated nature of the reaction after secondary phase formation is due to changes in the reaction affinity (i.e., is a solution effect) and not a change in the glass reaction mechanism. The composition of solutions in contact with reacted samples reflect the effects of the secondary phases predicted in the model. Experiments which lead to the generation of secondary phases within short reaction times can be used to identify important secondary phases which must be Included in the data base of computer simulations to correctly project long-term glass reaction behavior.

In Situ Ion Implantation for Quantitative SIMS Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Lareau ◽  
Peter Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Quantitative Sims ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

ABSTRACTThe primary ion column of a secondary ion mass spectrometer (Cameca IMS 3f) has been used as an ion implanter to prepare calibrated standards, In situ for quantitative SIMS analysis, with an accuracy better than 10%. The technique has been used to determine oxygen concentrations in contaminated TiSi2 films by implanting a reference level of 18O into a portion of the film.

CORALUS: An Integrated In Situ Corrosion Test on α-Active HLW Glass

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Valcke ◽  
Steven Smets ◽  
Serge Labat ◽  
Karel Lemmens ◽  
Pierre Van Iseghem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Boom Clay ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Powdered Glass ◽  
Doped Glass

ABSTRACTIntegrated in situ corrosion tests with α-doped SON68 glass samples have been and are still being performed in the HADES underground laboratory in Mol, Belgium. Two test tubes have been dismantled, and the glass and clay samples have been analysed (mass loss, SEM, EDS, SIMS,…). The results on glass corrosion largely respond to the expectations and agree very well with results from surface laboratory tests and modelling predictions. The glass alteration is about two orders of magnitude higher at 90 °C than at 30 °C. The addition of powdered glass frit to a Ca-bentonite backfill reduces the glass alteration by two orders of magnitude in comparison with another backfill, dried Boom Clay. The α-doped glass samples were shown to have slightly thicker alteration layers. The thickness seemed to increase with increasing αβγ-activity. Because of the lack of sufficient data on mass loss, we cannot conclude that also the degree of alteration is higher for these samples. Under the thermal gradient in the test tubes, the reaction of Cabentonite with the glass samples and the powdered glass frit dispersed within the bentonite results in the neo-formation of non-swelling 7 Å minerals.

scholarly journals Early Stages of Secondary Phase Formation in Multicomponent Alloys Using an in situ TEM Heating Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1536-1537
Author(s):  
Elaf A. Anber ◽  
Eric A. Lass ◽  
Andrew C Lang ◽  
Pranav Kumar Suri ◽  
Daniel Scotto D'Antuono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Multicomponent Alloys ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Secondary Phase Formation

Optics-Free Visualization of Proteins in Single Cells by Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Genetically Encoded Chemical Tags

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Jia ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Qun Luo ◽  
Luyu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Tags ◽  
Secondary Ion

<p></p><p><i>In situ</i> visualization of proteins of interest at single cell level is attractive in cell biology, molecular biology and biomedicine, which usually involves photon, electron or X-ray based imaging methods. Herein, we report an optics-free strategy that images a specific protein in single cells by time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) following genetic incorporation of fluorine-containing unnatural amino acids as a chemical tag into the protein via genetic code expansion technique. The method was developed and validated by imaging GFP in E. coli and human HeLa cancer cells, and then utilized to visualize the distribution of chemotaxis protein CheA in E. coli cells and the interaction between high mobility group box 1 protein and cisplatin damaged DNA in HeLa cells. The present work highlights the power of ToF-SIMS imaging combined with genetically encoded chemical tags for <i>in situ </i>visualization of proteins of interest as well as the interactions between proteins and drugs or drug damaged DNA in single cells.</p><p></p>

An Effective SIMS Methodology for GOI Contamination Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Huang ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Kenny Ong ◽  
Hanwei Teo ◽  
Younan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Lower Background

Abstract Contamination in the gate oxide layer is the most common effect which cause the gate oxide integrate (GOI) issue. Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is a mature tool for GOI contamination analysis. During the sample preparation, all metal and IDL layers above poly should be removed because the presence of these layers added complexity for the subsequent SIMS analysis. The normal delayering process is simply carried out by soaking the sample in the HF solution. However, the poly surface is inevitably contaminated by surroundings even though it is already a practice to clean with DI rinse and tape. In this article, TOFSIMS with low energy sputter gun is used to clean the sample surface after the normal delayering process. The residue signals also can be monitored by TOF SIMS during sputtering to confirm the cross contamination is cleared. After that, a much lower background desirable by dynamic SIMS. Thus an accurate depth profile in gate oxide layer can be achieved without the interference from surface.

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