A study on elementary English learning sites of the public and private institutions and their effective uses for teachers and students

Educational technology plays a fundamental role in enhancing teaching learning process. It has facilitated instructional process and made it more productive, dynamic and effective. Therefore the study was conducted to explore the role of educational technology in public and private institutes in district Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan in comparative perspectives. The main objectives of the study were: to compare the availability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level; to compare the usability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level and to know the usefulness of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level. All the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools in district Karak constituted the population of the study. In order to ensure adequate sample, 60 heads, 180 teachers and 600 students serving and studying in public and private sectors at secondary school level in District Karak were selected randomly. The study was delimited to the selected male public and private secondary schools. The study was also delimited to those technologies which are commonly used. The study was descriptive in nature therefore, the researchers decided to develop questionnaire for the collection of data. A single questionnaire was developed for the whole sample. Pilot testing was conducted to know the weakness, misconceptions and ambiguities of the questions. After conduction of pilot testing, the questionnaire was revised and then its final version was prepared in the light of valuable suggestions of the heads, teachers and students. The researchers personally visited to the respective sample and distributed the questionnaires among the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools. In this way data was collected. After the collection of data, the data was organized, tabulated and analyzed. The researchers decided to apply chi-square for the statistical treatment of the data. Therefore, chi square was applied to compare the responses of the sample. After analysis of the data, it was concluded that educational technologies are not available in both sectors. Some technologies are available in minor amount but these technologies are not used in both public and private sectors. Key Words:Educational Technology, Availability of Educational Technology, Usability of Educational Technology, Importance of Educational Technology

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Who Said What to Whom

National Security, Leaks and Freedom of the Press ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197519387.003.0016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 246-255

Author(s):

Cass R. Sunstein

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Costs And Benefits ◽

Public And Private ◽

Daily Lives ◽

The Public ◽

Its Analysis ◽

Drone Strikes ◽

The Government

It is important to distinguish between two kinds of transparency. The government can be transparent about its “inputs”: about who, within government, said what to whom, and when, and why. The government can also be transparent about its “outputs”: its regulations and its policies, its findings about air and water quality, or its analysis of the costs and benefits of drone strikes. The argument for output transparency is often very strong, because members of the public can receive information that can help them in their daily lives and because output transparency can improve the performance of both public and private institutions. The argument for input transparency is different and often weaker, because the benefits of disclosure can be low and the costs can be high. It is challenging to make general pronouncements about input transparency and the appropriate evaluation of leaks and leakers without making a contestable judgment about whether a particular government is well-functioning and capable of self-correction.

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Venezuelan Higher Education: The Chavez Revolution

International Higher Education ◽

10.6017/ihe.2011.62.8525 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Levy

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Latin America ◽

Public Sector ◽

Private Universities ◽

Institutions Of Higher Education ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

History Of

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.

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Personality disorder among first ever admissions to an Irish public and private hospital

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0790966700002196 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 6-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John M Cooney ◽

Conor K Farren ◽

Anthony W Clare

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Private Hospital ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Psychiatric Hospitals ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

True Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: The identification of personality disorder among psychiatric in-patients is important because of the effect on the course and outcome of illness. The introduction of a multiaxial approach to diagnosis, has resulted in a higher than previously reported rate of occurrence of personality disorder in a variety of psychiatric settings. A prevalence of personality disorder of 4.9% is reported in the official statistics for Irish psychiatric hospitals. The aim of this study is to determine the true prevalence of personality disorders in two Irish psychiatric hospitals, one public and one private, using a multiaxial approach to diagnosis.Methods: The Standardised Assessment of Personality (SAP) is a validated, semistructured, informant based instrument that reliably generates diagnoses of personality disorder irrespective of current mental state. Over a four month period, 78 consecutive, first ever admissions to two hospitals were examined using the SAP.Results: The prevalence of personality disorder in this population was 26%. There was no significant difference in the rate of personality disorder between the public and private institutions.Conclusions: The prevalence of personality disorder amongst in-patients in both public and private psychiatric hospitals in Ireland is far higher than previously reported. This highlights the importance of a multiaxial approach to diagnosis in order to establish the true extent of psychiatric morbidity.

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II. Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne

Cambridge Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s1474691300003358 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 147-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. L. Ganshof

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Essential Feature ◽

Eighth Century ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

The Gift ◽

History Of ◽

Preceding Period ◽

The Subject

A Number of important studies have been published in recent years on the subject of benefice and vassalage during the early Middle Ages, and it may consequently be worth while to re-examine some of the problems raised by the origin and early development of these two institutions. I have dealt elsewhere with, the circumstances which tended towards their union early in the eighth, century, under the early Carolingians, In this article I hope to indicate at least the principal features of the history of benefice and vassalage during the reign of Charlemagne. The Influence which Charles exercised on the public and private institutions of the Frankish state was so definite and far-reaching as fully to justify the limitation of the subject-matter of my inquiry to the space of a single reign. Unfortunately the lack of adequate sources, though less serious than for the preceding period, renders the task of tracing their history a somewhat difficult one. Although the capitularies contain a relatively large number of provisions that deal specifically with these institutions, we have very little information as to how they worked in practice. The narrative sources, with the exception of two or three texts, tell us little or nothing. We have to fall back on the evidence of charters, though even these only rarely, when dealing with a dispute or legal proceeding, throw some light on the subject. This is what we might in any case expect, for the essential feature of the entry of a person into vassalage or of the gift of a benefice was the oral act, and not any embodiment of it in writing.

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Educação a Distância (EaD): Processos de Mediação e Uso das Tecnologias em uma Abordagem Transdisciplinar

EAD em FOCO ◽

10.18264/eadf.v5i3.317 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira Lima ◽

Lívia Soares de Lima Sousa

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Access To Higher Education ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

Reconstruction Process ◽

Historical Process ◽

The Public ◽

E Learning ◽

Almost All ◽

Education In Brazil

A utilização da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino superior no Brasil tem sido discutida por pesquisadores afetos aos mais diversos temas educacionais. Trazemos neste estudo uma breve retomada histórica, demonstrando que os primeiros cursos de ensino superior no Brasil não se destinavam às consideradas classes subalternas. Esse processo histórico fez com que o ensino superior se tornasse algo quase restrito às classes dominantes. Apresentamos a EaD e sua legislação a fim de introduzir também a criação e implementação do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), política com vistas à democratização do acesso ao ensino superior. Elencamos alguns autores contrários ao uso da EaD como forma de democratizar o ensino no Brasil. Embora em direções diferentes, os autores contrários ao uso da EaD caminham quase sempre num mesmo viés. Um dos principais argumentos trazidos no bojo de suas argumentações contrárias é de que a EaD estaria servindo apenas aos interesses mercantilistas? preconizados pela reestruturação do aparelho do Estado, operacionalizado principalmente na década de 1990. Tais autores desconsideram os avanços obtidos por meio da EaD, a despeito dos percalços e/ou dificuldades enfrentadas em tal modalidade. Sendo assim, trazemos autores favoráveis à implementação da EaD como política de popularização do ensino, a fim de demonstrar como ela tem sido importante no processo histórico de democratizar o ensino superior em nosso país, ampliando suas vagas, avançando na questão do acesso e, ainda, interiorizando as IES públicas e privadas em praticamente todo o território nacional.Palavras-chave: EaD; Ensino a distância no Brasil; Democratização do ensino superior.The EaD in Brazil and the Process of Democratization of Access to Higher Education: Possible DialoguesAbstractThe use of E-learning as a way to democratize higher education in Brazil has been discussed by researchers concerned about the most diverse educational themes. We bring in this study a brief historic overview showing that the first higher education courses in Brazil were not destined to the classes considered subaltern. This historical process has made higher education to become something almost restricted to the dominant classes. We present E-learning and its legislation in order to introduce also the creation and implementation of Open University System of Brazil (UAB), with aiming the access to higher education democratization. We also mention some authors opposed to use of E-learning as a way to democratize the education in Brazil. Although in different directions, authors opposed to use of E-learning follow the same bias almost always. One of the main arguments is that E-learning was only serving the "mercantilist" interests recommended by the State reconstruction process which took place mainly in the 90s. Such authors disregard the advances obtained by education through E-learning, despite the difficulties faced in such modality. Therefore, we bring authors in favor of E-learning as education democratization policy implementation in order to demonstrate how E-learning has been important in the historical process higher education democratization in our country, increasing their number of vacancies, improving the issue of access and interiorizing the public and private Institutions of Higher Education in almost all the national territory.Keywords: E-learning; Distance education in Brazil; Higher education; Democratization.

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The formation of nurses in residency programs in public and private intensive care units

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1983-1447.2014.04.45907 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

Iasmim Lima Aguiar ◽

Lívia Magalhães Costa Castro ◽

Anna Gabriella Carvalho Rangel ◽

Larissa Chaves Pedreira ◽

Norma Carapiá Fagundes

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Graduate Nurses ◽

Work Process ◽

Public And Private ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Daily Work ◽

The Public ◽

Management Functions

This qualitative study aimed to acknowledge the importance of practice in public and private institutions in the training of nurses in residency programs. Data were collected at two hospitals between February and March 2013, through interviews. From their analysis the following categories emerged: experience of graduate nurses in residency programs in ICUs of public and private institutions and potential for learning in public and private institutions regarding the training of nurses. Differences were detected in the work process and in the profile of patients between the public and private fields, and dissociation between caring and management functions carried out by residents was demonstrated. It was concluded that the development of practices in public and private institutions provides different and complementary experiences which prepare residents for management and care activities, improve management and technical assistance skills, encourages the exercise of in-service education and, by means of surveys, the search for solutions to problems that emerge from daily work.

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Publicness

Administration & Society ◽

10.1177/0095399716656224 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 471-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles T. Goodsell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Responsibility Of Government

The Publicness discussed here exists when the society as a whole is working hard on behalf of its hungry and unsafe. Such work is not the responsibility of government alone but its private institutions as well. When studied closely, one finds in the United States a remarkably diverse and interpenetrated array of antipoverty activity across the public and private arenas. Its totality is regarded as an aggregate and identifiable yet scarcely recognized realm of pan-society activity named Publicness. Whether its present extent is sufficient is most doubtful.

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A gênese do ProEMI na perspectiva cognitiva das políticas públicas

Education Policy Analysis Archives ◽

10.14507/epaa.26.3761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Eliza Bartolozzi Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Social Order ◽

Public Policies ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Public ◽

Public Action ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Private Actors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Education In Brazil

This article aims to analyze the process that gave rise to the Innovative Higher Education Program (ProEMI) as a way of understanding the actions taken by public and private actors in the construction of a new project for secondary education in Brazil. The analysis seeks to understand the cognitive and normative framework that gave rise to and legitimized this educational policy, considering that policy is the result of a process of interaction and relations of force. ProEMI is a policy that seeks to transform the public action of managers, teachers, and students in the country's high schools. The study examines the period 2003-2016 and was developed in the cognitive theoretical perspective of public policies, a perspective focused on understanding the formulation and implementation of public policies based on the relationship between politics and the construction of social order and not just as a troubleshooting mechanism. We find that ProEMI originates from the public actions of a number of actors that construct and accept a matrix of interpretation, resulting in the emergence and legitimization of the choice of a public policy that calls for a counterhegemonic high school.

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The International Polar Year 2007-08 and the development of portuguese research on Antarctic permafrost

Finisterra ◽

10.18055/finis1379 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (87) ◽

Author(s):

Gonçalo Vieira

Keyword(s):

Critical Mass ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Political Awareness ◽

International Polar Year ◽

Public And Private ◽

Main Research ◽

The Public ◽

Research Activities ◽

International Polar ◽

The University

portuguese Antarctic permafrost research has developed fast in the last decade. The research was initiated by the centre for Geographical Studies of the university of lisbon in the framework of a collaboration with the university of Alcalá (Spain) and the Spanish Antarctic programme in 1999. In 2007 and 2008, collaborations have extended, respectively to the bulgarian and Argentinean programmes. The critical mass has grown substantially since then and other institutions are now also involved on the research activities. The development of scientific activities was fostered by the International polar year 2007-08 and supported by funding from public and private institutions. A wide-scope education and outreach project has significantly contributed to the public and political awareness of the science programme, and a close interaction between scientists and society has developed. The main research topics are permafrost, active layer and geomorphological processes monitoring, with an emphasis on detection of climate change signals.

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