scholarly journals Porcine circovirus 2 and 3 in wild boars in Southern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Dal Santo ◽  
Leticia Trevisan Gressler ◽  
Samay Zillmann Rocha Costa ◽  
João Rogério Centenaro ◽  
Isabella Mazzocato Dazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Swine Pathogen ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Lung Lymph

ABSTRACT: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has a considerable economic impact on the pork industry worldwide for more than two decades. In 2016, a new circovirus, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was described; since then, it has been reported to be associated with diseased or even in clinically healthy swine in several countries. Considering the importance of wild boars as reservoirs of swine pathogens and the extensive distribution of these animals in Rio Grande do Sul and throughout the national territory, we searched for PCV2 and PCV3 in twenty-six wild boars coupled with necropsy and histologic examination of the sampled animals. Using PCR, 182 tissue samples were analyzed, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. PCV2 and PCV3 were detected in 57.7% (15/26) and 15.4% (4/26) of wild boars, respectively. Furthermore, co-infection with PCV2 and PCV3 was detected in one of these animals, with PCV2 or PCV3 DNA detection in multiple organs. Histological examination showed mild to moderate and multifocal lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis distributed randomly throughout the renal cortex, apparently unrelated to PCV2 or PCV3 detection. The wild boar population in Brazil is extensive, indicating the presence of a larger number of swine pathogen hosts. In the present study, more than half of the wild boars harbored PCV2; and although less frequently, PCV3 was also detected. Therefore, free-living wild boars can serve as reservoirs of swine circoviruses in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Porcine Circovirus 3a Field Strains in Free-Living Wild Boars in Paraná State, Brazil

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carolina Gomes Dutra de Souza ◽  
Danielle Gava ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
Raquel Arruda Leme ◽  
Gisele da Silva Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The World

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) was identified in domestic pigs worldwide. Although PCV-3 has also been detected in wild boars, information regarding its circulation in this free-living animal species is scarce. To investigate PCV-3 occurrence in free-living wild boars in Brazil, 70 serum samples collected between January 2017 and June 2019 in Paraná state, Brazil were analyzed by PCR assay. Amplicons measuring 330 bp in length were amplified in seven (10.0%) of the serum samples and confirmed to be PCV3-specific by nucleotide (nt) sequencing. As the amplified products from the serum samples yielded only intermediate levels of viral DNA, lung samples from the seven PCR-positive wild boars were also evaluated by PCR. Of these samples, five lung samples were positive and provided high levels of viral DNA. The three lung samples that presented the highest levels of viral DNA were selected for amplification and sequencing of the whole PCV-3 genome. The three full-length sequences obtained were grouped in PCV-3 clade “a”, and the sequences exhibited 100% nucleotide similarity among them. The PCV-3 field strains of this study showed nucleotide and amino acid similarities of 98.5–99.8% and 98.8–100%, respectively, with whole-genome PCV-3 sequences from around the world.

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in captive wild boars in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Paulo Hiroji Sato ◽  
Danielle Gava ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
Maurício Egídio Cantão ◽  
Janice Reis Ciacci-Zanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Boars

scholarly journals Free to Circulate: An Update on the Epidemiological Dynamics of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in Italy Reveals the Role of Local Spreading, Wild Populations, and Foreign Countries

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Susanna Tinello ◽  
Laura Grassi ◽  
Claudia Maria Tucciarone ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Spread Dynamics

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the most impactful and widespread pathogens of the modern swine industry. Unlike other DNA viruses, PCV-2 is featured by a remarkable genetic variability, which has led to the emergence and recognition of different genotypes, some of which (PCV-2a, 2b, and 2d) have alternated over time. Currently, PCV-2d is considered the most prevalent genotype, and some evidence of differential virulence and vaccine efficacy have been reported. Despite the potential practical relevance, the data on PCV-2 epidemiology in Italy are quite outdated and do not quantify the actual circulation of this genotype in Italy. In the present study, 82 complete ORF2 sequences were obtained from domestic pigs and wild boars sampled in Northern Italy in the period 2013–2018 and merged with those previously obtained from Italy and other countries. A combination of phylogenetic, haplotype network, and phylodynamic analyses were used to genotype the collected strains and evaluate the temporal trend and the spatial and host spread dynamics. A rising number of PCV-2d detections was observed in domestic pigs, particularly since 2013, reaching a detection frequency comparable to PCV-2b. A similar picture was observed in wild boars, although a lower sequence number was available. Overall, the present study demonstrates the extreme complexity of PCV-2 molecular epidemiology in Italy, the significant spread across different regions, the recurrent introduction from foreign countries, and the frequent occurrence of recombination events. Although a higher viral flux occurred from domestic to wild populations than vice versa, wild boars seem to maintain PCV-2 infection and spread it over relatively long distances.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and ultra-structural detection ofPneumocystisin wild boars (Sus scrofa) co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Riegert Borba ◽  
Edna Maria Cavallini Sanches ◽  
André Mendes Ribeiro Corrêa ◽  
Andréia Spanamberg ◽  
Juliano de Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Boars

scholarly journals Enteritis associated with Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 infection in wild boars in Southern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Zlotowski ◽  
André Mendes Ribeiro Corrêa ◽  
Mauro Riegert Borba ◽  
Cláudio Estêvão Farias Cruz ◽  
David Driemeier
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Wild Boars

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Porcine Circovirus 3 Strains Circulating in Sardinian Pigs and Wild Boars

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Silvia Dei Giudici ◽  
Giulia Franzoni ◽  
Piero Bonelli ◽  
Pier Paolo Angioi ◽  
Susanna Zinellu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Nonsynonymous Mutation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
Free Ranging

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently discovered member of the Circoviridae family. So far, its presence has been reported in North America, Asia, South America, and Europe. In this study, blood and tissue samples from 189 Sardinian suids (34 domestic pigs, 115 feral free ranging pigs, and 39 wild boars) were used to genetically characterize the PCV3 strains from Sardinia. PCV3 infection in the animals was confirmed by real time PCR. The detection rate in the three groups analyzed was l7.64% in domestic pigs, 77.39% in free ranging pigs, and 61.54% in wild boars. Moreover, our results showed that co-infection of PCV3 with other viruses is quite a common occurrence. Molecular characterization of Sardinian PCV3 strains was performed by sequencing 6 complete genomes and 12 complete cap genes. Our results revealed that there is a high similarity between our strains and those identified in different countries, confirming the genetic stability of PCV3 regardless of geographical origin. Haplotype network analysis revealed the presence of 6 whole genomes or 12 unique ORF2 haplotypes and a nonsynonymous mutation in ORF2 that leads to an R14K amino acid substitution. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome and ORF2 was also conducted. The Sardinian strains were allocated in three different clusters of phylogenetic trees of both complete genome and ORF2. With this study, we have provided a snapshot of PCV3 circulation in Sardinia. Our findings might help to achieve a deeper understanding of this emerging porcine virus.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a SYBR Green–based real-time PCR to quantify Porcine circovirus-2 DNA in swine tissue samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogenes Dezen ◽  
Franciscus A.M. Rijsewijk ◽  
Thais F. Teixeira ◽  
Carine L. Holz ◽  
Ana P. Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is considered the major etiological agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. The clinical manifestations of the disease are correlated with moderate to high amounts of PCV-2 DNA in biological samples of affected pigs. A threshold of 107 DNA copies/ml is suggested as the trigger factor for symptoms. A comparative study was conducted to determine which quantitative method would be more suitable to estimate the PCV-2 DNA load. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed: a competitive PCR (cPCR) and a SYBR Green–based real-time PCR. The assays were compared for their capacity to detect PCV-2 in DNA samples extracted from liver, lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney of PMWS-affected ( n = 23) or non–PMWS-affected pigs ( n = 9). Both assays could successfully quantify PCV-2 DNA in all tissue samples and were able to detect significant differences between the numbers of PCV-2 DNA copies found in tissues of PMWS-affected and non–PMWS-affected pigs (≥102.5). The highest mean viral loads were detected by the SYBR Green real-time PCR, up to 107.0±1.5 copies/100 ng of total DNA sample, while the cPCR detected up to 104.8±1.5. A mean difference of 101.8 was found between the amounts of PCV-2 DNA detected, using the SYBR Green real-time PCR and the cPCR, suggesting that the viral load threshold for PMWS should be determined for each particular assay.

scholarly journals High prevalence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus, and pathogenic leptospires in mummified swine fetuses in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geslaine Herdt ◽  
Alex Eron Maciel ◽  
Mathias Martins ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Tonin ◽  
Daniela Lourdes Vanazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Death ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT: Modern swine production employs a high degree of technology and is organized in various production stages, in which reproduction is one of the most significant. However, reproductive losses associated to fetal death are still high. Fetal losses, including fetal mummification, may occur at a rate below 1.5% in a sound herd. The causes of fetal death can be very diverse, and include various infectious agents. Therefore, investigating the causes of fetal losses is important in the decision-making process related to the control and prophylaxis of the herd. The goal of this study was to carry out a molecular survey, analyzing porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and pathogenic Leptospira as potential agents related to fetal death in swine farms in Southern Brazil. We collected samples from three farms with a mummified index ≥ 2.5%. Fragments of brain, lung, kidney, liver, and heart were sampled for PCR analysis. Out of 100 samples examined, 87, 68, and 22 were positive for PCV2, PPV, and Leptospira spp., respectively. Moreover, we also identified coinfections with two and three pathogens in the same sample. Our findings contribute to the spreading of scientific knowledge related to infectious causes (PPV, PCV2, and pathogenic leptospires) of fetal losses in swine, as evidenced by the high frequencies of the investigated agents.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Circovirus 2 and Porcine Parvovirus in Naturally and Experimentally Coinfected Pigs by Double in Situ Hybridization

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Kim ◽  
Chanhee Chae
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

A technique for double in situ hybridization to simultaneously detect porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in the same tissue section was developed and applied to lymph node and spleen from 8 pigs experimentally coinfected with PCV2 and PPV and 20 pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. For double labeling studies, the tissue samples were processed sequentially, first for PPV in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe and then for PCV2 in situ hybridization using a biotinylated probe. Positive cells contained reaction products for PCV2 and PPV, respectively. Both PCV2 DNA and PPV DNA were observed mainly in the cytoplasm but occasionally in the nucleus. With double in situ hybridization, both PCV2 DNA and PPV DNA were simultaneously detected in lymph node and spleen. This double labeling technique for the detection of PCV2 and PPV is suitable both for pathogenesis studies and for diagnostic applications.

Complete genome characterization of porcine circovirus 3 recovered from wild boars in Southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Muterle Varela ◽  
Márcia Regina Loiko ◽  
Juliana da Silva Andrade ◽  
Caroline Tochetto ◽  
Samuel Paulo Cibulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Genome Characterization ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3
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