scholarly journals Food insecurity and nutritional status of individuals in a socially vulnerable situation in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Godoy ◽  
◽  
Karin Eleonora de Oliveira Sávio ◽  
Rita de Cássia Akutsu ◽  
Muriel Bauermann Gubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract The objective was to investigate the association between food insecurity (FI) and anthropometric indicators among beneficiaries of a Brazilian social program called Community Canteens (CCs). This was a cross-sectional study. The associations were analyzed by chi-square test and Poisson regression. The subjects were 1,232 patrons of Brazil’s CCs. Men with severe FI had a lower mean BMI (-1.53 kg/m2) and a lower body fat percentage (-3.83 percentage points). Men that had a fat percentage classified as “risk of diseases associated with malnutrition” had a 2.34 times greater chance of experiencing severe FI, as did those who had low weight (PR: 2.64). However, these results were no longer significant after Poisson regression. With respect to women, there were no significant associations between the variables studied and FI. The high prevalence of overweight and body fat in the population at all of the FI levels and for both sexes are an indication of the complexity of the Brazilian scenario regarding the aspect of nutrition and excess weight in poor communities.

scholarly journals Behavioural perspective of tobacco use among youth of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central part of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Rahul Narayan Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Tobacco ◽  
Youth Perspective

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the youth perspective about the use of tobacco and its ill effects. The survey was conducted at a private Engineering college of Nagpur, Maharashtra India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with self-administered modified Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Eight hundred nine college students of age group between 17 year-24years were included in this study. The questionnaire comprised of information on socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaire was used to gather data on knowledge, attitude and practices of participants about tobacco use. Data analysis was performed by using chi-square test and Statistical significance was measured at a level of 0.05. Result: Out of 806 total participants, 136 (16.8) were current tobacco consumers, significantly high prevalence of tobacco use was observed among boys 106 (13.1) than girls 30 (3.7). Moreover, a higher number of boys 106 (13.1) started smoking at young adolescent age (13- 20 years) than girls30 (3.7). Conclusion: The findings in the study suggest that tobacco use is still an important risk behavior amongst students. Tobacco use was comparatively higher amongst boys though its use is not restricted to them only. There is a need to plan to gather nationwide baseline data on the use of tobacco by young adolescents and the factors associated with initiation of tobacco habit.KeywordsGlobal youth tobacco survey (GYTS); Tobacco prevalence; Tobacco use among youth.

scholarly journals Food insecurity arises the likelihood of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ariya ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Abolghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Hematdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Corona pandemic as a public health emergency. This pandemic affects the main pillars of food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the probability of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period after getting COVID-19. The cross-sectional study was performed through the census on COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Fasa, Iran. Informed consent, demographic, and food security questionnaire were completed over the phone. Then, all patients were followed up until recovery. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression (P < 0.05). In this study, 219 COVID-19 patients [100 (54.7%) male and 119 (54.3%) female] with a mean age of 40.05 ± 15.54 years old were examined. Possibility of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period of more than one month was significantly longer in the food-insecure group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.37), respectively, but the mean length of hospital stay in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.76). After adjusting for all confounding variables, people with food insecurity were 3.9 times more likely to be hospitalized than those with food security. Overall, we observed that food-insecure people were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than the secure group.

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of hypertension in gazetted officers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Prakash Dudhani ◽  
Sanjay Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

Background: There was a strong correlation between increase in hypertension and changing lifestyle factors. The problem which lies with the hypertension is that it cannot be cured completely. And its management requires lifelong medication with some life-style modifications. Decreased physical activities coupled with increased mental tension are important contributors of hypertension. They are usually seen amongst employees of the profession where working is typically sedentary.  The main objectives were to study on prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among Government Gazetted officers of Maharashtra, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried among gazetted officers working in various departments of state Government for a period of one year in Solapur district. 355 Gazetted Government officers of class I & class II cadre were studied. Blood pressure was measured with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Chi-square test was applied to assess risk factors.Results: In present study, the prevalence of hypertension among Gazetted officers was observed 20.28%. There was significant positive association was found between age and prevalence of hypertension. And also it was found significantly higher in men than women. The association between education and hypertension found to be statistically significant (P<0.001), while there was no association between socioeconomic status and hypertension was found (P=0.33). Prevalence of hypertension was noted higher at every level of BMI. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in smokers, alcoholic and had significant association (P<0.05).Conclusions: We conclude that, because of high prevalence of hypertension in Gazetted officers, periodically they should be screened for the same.

scholarly journals Overweight in Goiás'quilombola students and food insecurity in their families

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de Morais Cordeiro ◽  
Estelamaris Tronco Monego ◽  
Karine Anusca Martins
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of quilombola students and determine the food security status of their households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with students aged six to nineteen years from quilombola communities in twelve municipalities of Goiás categorized by age, gender, school location (urban/rural), and nutritional status based on the World Health Organization's height-for-age and body mass index for-age charts. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring food (in)security in their families. Descriptive and association analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In a sample of 226 students, overweight (17.2%) was more common than malnutrition (1.3%), especially in students attending urban schools (28.2%) (p<0.05). Most (75.2%) quilombola families experienced food insecurity, especially mild. Conclusion: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity Scores are Higher among Adults Infected with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Online Study among an Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Kalantari ◽  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
Neda Ezzeddin ◽  
Nastaran Miri
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Food insecurity has negative impacts on health, including the function of the immune system. The association between food insecurity and COVID-19 infection rates has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine whether food-insecure households are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,871 Iranian adults (31 provinces), from August to September 2020. Demographic and socio-economic information was collected using a questionnaire. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used for assessing household food insecurity. The data analysis was performed by SPSS.22, using Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and Multinomial Logistic Regression Model. Results: The findings indicated that healthcare personnel were at higher risk of COVID-19 (CI = 1.90, 7.05; OR = 3.66; P < 0.001). It was also shown that HFIAS scores were significantly higher among infected people compared to non-infected (CI = 1.00, 1.05; OR = 1.03; P < 0.05). Women were at lower risk of infection compared to men (CI = 0.41, 0.87; OR = 0.60; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, in addition to long-term policies to improve food security, policymakers are recommended to implement short-term policies to reduce the vulnerability of the community to COVID-19 virus.

scholarly journals Sleep Hours: Risk behavior in adolescents from different countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-965
Author(s):  
Silvia Bandeira da Silva Lima ◽  
Walcir Ferreira-Lima ◽  
Flávia Évelin Bandeira Lima ◽  
Fellipe Bandeira Lima ◽  
Amanda Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
Smirnov Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Children Aged One to Five Years in Siyambalanduwa MOH Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: High prevalence of child undernutrition is a well-known issue in rural areas of Si Lanka. Identification of real burden, underlying specific causes and addressing those issues will help to improve the nutritional status of those children. Objective: To describe the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged one to five years in Siyambalanduwa MOH area. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 child-mother pairs in Siyambalanduwa MOH area using two stage cluster sampling method. Data collection done by using pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Relevant anthropometric measurements were done according to WHO slandered guidelines. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20. The chi-square test was used, and P<0.05 was considered for statistically significant. Results: Overall 41% of children aged 1-5 years were undernourished in Siyambalanduwa MOH area. Among the study subjects 24% were underweight, 25.7% were stunted, 16.4% were wasted, 9.2% were both underweight & stunted, 6.8% were both, underweight & wasted, 0.5% were both stunted & wasted and 9.9% were underweight & stunted g & wasted. Only the low total monthly income (P<0.001) and low birth weight (P<0.001) were significantly associated with child undernutrition. Conclusions and recommendations: Prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 1-5 years is unacceptably high and urgent efforts to reduce undernutrition should be a priority. Future studies should focus on assessing how to reduce the burden of undernutrition with low cost interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and determinants of tobacco use among persons of tribal origin in a primary care centre in Wayanad, Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3153
Author(s):  
Reshma Javed ◽  
Avani Dinesh ◽  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Sanjeev Vasudevan ◽  
Minumaria Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Waking Up

Background: Persons of tribal origin account for over a quarter of India’s poorest people and also have a higher burden of disease attributable to adverse effects of tobacco use. Therefore, this study was planned in a health facility in Wayanad District to assess prevalence, pattern and determinants of tobacco use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the persons of tribal origin by interview method using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire in a primary care facility in Wayanad, Kerala. Minimum sample size was calculated to be 140; 524 persons of tribal origin were enrolled. The chi-square test, logistic regression was used to determine association between qualitative variables.Results: Mean age of respondents was 42.52±16.95 years. The proportion of current tobacco users was found to be 39.1% (95% CI 34.9-43.4). Majority of respondents (90.2%) chewed tobacco, only 5.2% were smokers and 0.2% used other forms such as snuff. Of the tobacco users 81.95% had considered quitting. One in five persons, 19.9% used tobacco within 30 minutes of waking up. By logistic regression, men were found to be 2.59 times (95% CI 1.69, 3.97; p<0.001), illiterates 2.25 times (95% CI 1.51, .35; <0.001) and Paniya group 2.36 times (95% CI 1.6, 3.48) more likely to use tobacco.Conclusions: A high prevalence of tobacco use, early initiation and dependency, are a challenge to tobacco control among the socially and economically vulnerable indigenous people. However, the desire and attempts made to quit tobacco can be leveraged for harm reduction and tobacco cessation among males, Paniyas and illiterate people.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN IBU HAMIL DALAM MEMANFAATKAN LAYANAN VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sri Melda Br Bangun ◽  
BASYARIAH LUBIS ◽  
Raisha Octavariny ◽  
Surio Retno
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Voluntary Counseling ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test

Currently in Indonesia there is an increase in the prevalence of HIV / AIDS in housewives, followed by a high prevalence of HIV in children. This study used a cross sectional study design with a sample of 50 pregnant women using the stratified random sampling method with the chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between age, work status, knowledge, attitude, and distance of pregnant women in utilizing voluntary counseling and test services

scholarly journals Frequency and Location of Supernumerary Teeth in a Private Hospital of Karachi City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed Omer ◽  
Seema Nisar ◽  
Perveen Memon ◽  
Hamidullah Arif ◽  
Raza Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Supernumerary Tooth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Location Study

Objective: To investigate frequency of supernumerary tooth in relation to gender, age and location. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional Study was conducted at Mamji Hospital, Karachi from June 2017 to June 2019. Methodology: A total of 2160 patients seen and out of which 45 clinically diagnosed patients of supernumerary teeth were participated in this study. Supernumerary teeth were classified on the basis of location. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency of all variables. Chi-Square test was applied, P-value < 0.05was considered significant. Results: The total patients were 45 which comprised of 26 male and 19 females with ages ranging from 15 to 60 years. The prevalence of ST was 1.59%, the higher predilection of supernumerary teeth was seen in males than females. The male to female’s ratio was 1.36:1. On the basis of location ST were further classified on Mesiodens, Paramolars and Distomolars category. Of the 45 supernumerary teeth, 36 were had Mesiodens (m= 62.1%, f=37.8%), 5 were Paramolars (m=60%, f=40%) and 3 were Distomolars (m=0, f= 100%). Conclusion: The present study findings showed high prevalence of ST was dominant in males. Present study emphasizes the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of supernumerary teeth to avoid unwanted complications

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