Dental care utilization among children in Brazil: an exploratory study based on data from national household surveys

Abstract Wide availability of access to dental services can be considered a predictor of better oral health outcomes in a population. This article aims to compare data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Surveys (PNAD) on dental services utilization among children aged 4 to 12 years. This cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the 1998, 2003, and 2008 National Household Sample Surveys, involving a total of 61.438, 64.659 and 59.561 children, respectively. Ninety-nine percent confidence intervals were considered for the prevalence of each outcome of interest. In 1998, 60.8% (99%CI: 59.4;62.1) of children had been to a dentist; this prevalence was 65.5% (99%CI: 64.4;66.7) in 2003 and 73.8% (99%CI: 72.1;74.2) in 2008. In 1998, 41.2% (99%CI: 39.1;43.3) of children in the lowest household income quartile had been to a dentist; this value was 61.4% (99%CI: 59.5;63.2) in 2008. Among children from families whose head of household had 4 years of formal education or fewer, 49.5% and 63% had been to a dentist in 1998 and 2008, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of dentist attendance among Brazilian children increased between 1998 and 2008, especially among those from low-income families and those whose head of household had a low educational level.

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Usage of telecommunication technology in perpetration of sexual assault- A study conducted on reported victims in a Tertiary Medical College Hospital OCC

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v9i2.56985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Iffath Farooqui ◽

Md Shamsul Islam ◽

Rahat Amin Chowdhury ◽

ATM Hasibul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Communication Technology ◽

Low Income ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Assaults ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Low Income Families

The sexual assaults and its consequences are increasing along with socioeconomic development of the country. Rise of modern communication technology add fuel to the flame. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of communication technology in sexual assaults in Bangladesh. There were 87 victims included in this study. All were female of 6 years to 40 years of age, mean age was 15.67 (± 6.69) year. Most of the victims were below 20 years of age and came from low income families. About 76% mobile used were smart phone. Among them 46% were owned by the victims herself, 26% gifted by the assailants to the victims. Talking through mobile (37%) was the main communication route between the assailants and the victims; followed by direct verbal (31%), mixed verbal and mobile talking (26%) and others (6%). Regarding methods of communication, they only talk in 42% cases and 36% cases used mixed method (talking, SMS and video chatting). The assailant paid all the costs in 62% cases. Mobile phone came as a blessing in communication, but inchoate use makes it a curse to our society. Parents should be cautious about their children's mobile usage (especially smart phone) daily. Government also should make some policy on using mobile technology by the younger citizens. CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 03-07

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DOES BREASTFEEDING DURATION INFLUENCE FAMILY FOOD INSECURITY?

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxy054.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. e6-e6

Author(s):

Peter Wong ◽

Rosemary Moodie ◽

David Dai ◽

Jonathon Maguire ◽

Catherine Birken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Research Network ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Low Income Families

Abstract BACKGROUND Across all demographics, families without consistent access to adequate food place children at health risk. Consequences may persist beyond early life into adulthood. Public policy positions breastfeeding, the ideal nutrition for infants, as an important solution to reducing family food insecurity (FFI). However, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding duration and FFI. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between total breastfeeding duration and FFI in Canadian urban children. DESIGN/METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of children aged 0–2 years, from a practice-based child research network. Total breastfeeding duration was collected from parent-reported questionnaires. FFI was measured using 2-item food insecurity and validated 1-item NutriSTEP screens. Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for pre-specified covariates. RESULTS Among 3838 children, the mean total breastfeeding duration was 10.6 months (SD=6.7). Families with food insecurity (14.7%) had increased odds of younger mothers, more males and older and more children. In adjusted model, breastfeeding duration was not associated with FFI (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.01). Low-income families were 9 times more likely to be family food insecure than high-income families (p=0.00). CONCLUSION Contrary to public policy, our study found no association between breastfeeding and family food insecurity (FFI). However, other factors may predominate, in particular family income and structure. Given the detrimental impact of FFI, further research is needed to understand the role of infant feeding practices within the larger political, policy and cultural framework.

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Social capital and related socio-demographic variation in women of reproductive age: A population-based study

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872815620260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 247-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Azam Baheiraei ◽

Fatemeh Bakouei ◽

Eesa Mohammadi ◽

Reza Majdzadeh ◽

Seyed Mostafa Hosseni

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Income ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Low Income Families

In this population-based cross-sectional study of women of reproductive age in Tehran, Iran, the social capital integrated questionnaire and socio-demographic questionnaire were used. The highest mean scores were related to social cohesion and inclusion dimension (55.72 ± 11.94) and the lowest mean scores to groups and networks dimension (31.78 ± 19.43). Stepwise multiple linear regressions showed the significant association between dimensions of social capital and certain socio-demographic variables, particularly family income. Policy makers should help low-income families by designing effective interventions for improving the status of social capital in this group, because it is considered one of the social determinants of health.

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The characteristics of mothers and stunted children in Kricak, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta

International Journal of Health Science and Technology ◽

10.31101/ijhst.v1i3.1201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Maulita Listian Eka Pratiwi ◽

Chandra Retno Fianti

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Descriptive Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Low Income Families ◽

The Brain ◽

Low Rate

Stunting on children is pressing matters since it could prevent and, up to a point, impair the physical and mental development of children, the growth of the brain, intelligence, and metabolism. Furthermore, in the long term it is worried that it could lead to the decrease of the cognitive ability and learning achievement, as well as the immunity so that the children will be prone to high-risk degenerative illness, old age disability, uncompetitive work competence, and low rate of productivity in economy (Kementrian Kesehatan, 2016). The aim of the research is to comprehend the character of stunted mothers and children (24-59 months) in Kricak village. The research applies analytic-descriptive model as the research design and cross-sectional study as the approach. The population in the research is 76 mothers in Kricak village having stunted children aged between 24 and 59 months. The instruments of the research are checklists and KIA books. Based on the research, the number of stunted children aged from 24 to 59 months were 76 children consisting of 69 stunted children (90,8%) and 7 severely stunted children (9,8%) and, mostly, it was suffered by the children coming from low-income families, namely 44 families (54,3%).

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Fragmented Care of Hospital Super-utilizers: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-114426/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary Kaltenborn ◽

Koushik Paul ◽

Jonathan Kirsch ◽

Michael Aylward ◽

Elizabeth Rogers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Inpatient Care ◽

Quality Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Insured Patients ◽

Care Fragmentation ◽

Degree Of Fragmentation

Abstract Background: Super-utilizers with 4 or more admissions per year frequently receive low-quality care and disproportionately contribute to healthcare costs. Inpatient care fragmentation (admission to multiple different hospitals) in this population has not been well described.Objective: To determine the prevalence of super-utilizers who receive fragmented care across different hospitals and to describe associated risks, costs, and health outcomes.Research Design: We analyzed inpatient data from the Health Care Utilization Project’s State Inpatient and Emergency Department database from 6 states from 2013. After identifying hospital super-utilizers, we stratified by the number of different hospitals visited in a 1-year period. We determined how patient demographics, costs, and outcomes varied by degree of fragmentation. We then examined how fragmentation would influence a hospital’s ability to identify super-utilizers. Subjects: Adult patients with 4 or more inpatient stays in 1 year. Measures: Patient demographics, cost, 1-year hospital reported mortality, and probability that a single hospital could correctly identify a patient as a super-utilizer. Results: Of the 167,515 hospital super-utilizers, 97,404 (58.1%) visited more than 1 hospital in a 1-year period. Fragmentation was more likely among younger, non-white, low-income, under-insured patients, in population-dense areas. Patients with fragmentation were more likely to be admitted for chronic disease management, psychiatric illness, and substance abuse. Inpatient fragmentation was associated with higher yearly costs and lower likelihood of being identified as a super-utilizer. Conclusions: Inpatient care fragmentation is common among super-utilizers, disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. It is associated with high yearly costs and a decreased probability of correctly identifying super-utilizers.

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Food Security Status and Hair Cortisol among Low-income Mother-Child Dyads

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945919867112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 1813-1828 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiying Ling ◽

Lorraine B. Robbins ◽

Dongjuan Xu

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Low Income Families

This cross-sectional study among low-income mother-child dyads examined the relationship between food security status and hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and how mother and child food security status was interactively related to mothers’ perceived distress and coping. Data from 32 dyads were analyzed. Approximately 46.9% had household food insecurity, 37.5% children had food insecurity, and 34.4% mothers had food insecurity. Children with food insecurity had significantly higher HCC than those with food security. A significant interaction effect occurred between child food security status and race on children’s HCC, with White children’s HCC being more likely to be influenced by food security status. Mother food security and child food security status together explained about 6% of the variance in mothers’ HCC, 27% in perceived distress, and 18% in perceived coping. These findings indicate that assisting low-income families with food insecurity to get enough food can benefit both children’s and mothers’ mental health.

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Low prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake in young children in the south of Brazil: a new perspective

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516002695 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 890-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Caroline Nicola Sangalli ◽

Fernanda Rauber ◽

Márcia Regina Vitolo

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Fortified Foods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Micronutrient Intake ◽

Low Income Families ◽

Low Prevalence

AbstractIn Brazil, children’s eating patterns have been characterised by an increased consumption of ultra-processed foods that are fortified. Our aims were to (1) estimate the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among children from low-income families and (2) to assess micronutrient intake from fortified foods. We carried out a cross-sectional study from a randomised field trial conducted at healthcare centres in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with 446 mother–child pairs, with the children aged 2–3 years. Dietary data were assessed using two 24-h recalls. The prevalence of inadequacy for six micronutrients was estimated using the proportion of individuals with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR). Micronutrient intakes from fortified foods were evaluated using EAR and upper tolerable level (UL). Healthy foods consumption was below the recommendations, except for beans, and 88·1 % of the children consumed ultra-processed foods. A low prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was observed for Fe (1·2 %), vitamin C (4·7 %), vitamin A (5·2 %), Ca (11·4 %) and folate (15·2 %). None of the children had intakes less than the EAR for Zn. Fortified foods contributed between 11·3 and 38·3 % to micronutrient intakes, and 43·0 % of the children met the EAR for Fe, 13·9 % for vitamin C and 12·3 % for Zn using fortified foods only. In addition, 4·0 % of the children exceeded the UL for vitamin A, 3·1 % for Zn, 1·1 % for folic acid and 0·2 % for Fe. These results highlight a low prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes among children and suggest that such a group could be at risk of excessive micronutrient intakes provided by ultra-processed foods.

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Sex Differences in the Association between Household Income and Children’s Executive Function

Sexes ◽

10.3390/sexes1010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-31

Author(s):

Shervin Assari ◽

Shanika Boyce ◽

Mohsen Bazargan ◽

Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Executive Function ◽

Low Income ◽

Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

American Children ◽

Using Data ◽

High Household Income

The study aimed to investigate sex differences in the boosting effects of household income on children’s executive function in the US. This is a cross-sectional study using data from Wave 1 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Wave 1 ABCD included 8608 American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was executive function measured by the stop-signal task. Overall, high household income was associated with higher levels of executive function in the children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children’s executive function, indicating a stronger effect of high household income for female compared to male children. Household income is a more salient determinant of executive function for female compared to male American children. Low-income female children remain at the highest risk regarding poor executive function.

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A hidden burden of neonatal illness? A cross-sectional study of all admissions aged less than one month across twelve Kenyan County hospitals

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13312.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Georgina A.V. Murphy ◽

Vivian N. Nyakangi ◽

David Gathara ◽

Morris Ogero ◽

Mike English ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Low Income ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Appropriate Care ◽

District Hospitals ◽

Admission Policies ◽

Using Data

Background: Small and sick newborns need high quality specialised care within health facilities to address persistently high neonatal mortality in low-income settings, including Kenya. Methods: We examined neonatal admissions in 12 public-sector County (formerly District) hospitals in Kenya between November 2014 and November 2016. Using data abstracted from newborn unit (NBU) admission registers and paediatric ward (PW) medical records, we explore the magnitude and distribution of admissions. In addition, interviews with senior staff were conducted to understand admission policies for newborns in these facilities. Results: Of the total 80,666 paediatric admissions, 28,884 (35.8%) were aged ≤28 days old. 24,212 (83.8%) of newborns were admitted to organisationally distinct NBU and 4,672 (16.2%) to general PW, though the proportion admitted to NBUs varied substantially (range 59.9-99.0%) across hospitals, reflecting widely varying infrastructure and policies. Neonatal mortality was high in NBU (12%) and PW (11%), though varied widely across facilities, with documentation of outcomes poor for the NBU. Conclusion: Improving quality of care on NBUs would affect almost a third of paediatric admissions in Kenya. However, comprehensive policies and strategies are needed to ensure sick newborns on general PWs also receive appropriate care.

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Colombian retrospective study of the association between breastfeeding duration and eating behaviors

Journal of Childhood, Education & Society ◽

10.37291/2717638x.20201131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Carlos Rincón ◽

Elsa Lucia Escalante Barrios ◽

Sonia Suarez Enciso ◽

Jesús Estrada ◽

Marilyn Anturi Linero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childcare Centers ◽

Low Income Families ◽

And Gender ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding

The current retrospective cross-sectional study included 175 Colombian caregivers of children ranging between 24 and 59 months old (M=47.08, SD=7.08) enrolled in childcare centers located in the Caribbean region. 58% of the children are male, and all of them belong to low-income families. Breastfeeding duration ranged between children’s 0 to 37 months old (M=10.84, SD=8.48); 64 of them had exclusive breastfeeding for during their first 6 months (i.e., no fed with bottle). Results showed that the variance of Food Responsiveness explained by the model was 2% (R2=.02, F(3,161)=1.081, p=.359). Breastfeeding duration did not significantly predict Food Responsiveness (β=-.004, p=.219), as well as age (β=.004, p=.346) and gender (β=.056, p=.354) did not significantly explain the dependent variable. Likewise, Satiety Responsiveness variance was not explained by duration of breastfeeding (β=.002, p=.548), age (β=.003, p=.489), and gender (β=.040, p=.561). Overall, the explained variance was less than 1% (R2=.008, F(3,161)= .428, p=.733). Breastfeeding duration does not significantly change the child’s likelihood of being unhealthy (β=-.010, p=.616), while being male and getting older increase the odds of being healthy. Future directions and limitations are discussed.

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