scholarly journals Biological control of incrusting organisms and sediments in Chilean oyster cultures

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Barile ◽  
Gimena Rivas ◽  
Rolando Vega ◽  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Oyster Culture ◽  
Presence And Absence

Abstract The oyster culture has the incrusting organism as problem for production, in this context, it evaluated as biological control against incrusting organism and sediments the introduction of gastropod Tegula atra (Lesson, 1830) in Chilean oysters (Triostrea chilensis Phillippi, 1844) cultures in conditions of starvation presence and absence located in floating cages and bottom cultures. The predation and mechanic effect on T. atra grazing generated a decreasing in seven days of 19.8% and 13.7% of incrusting organisms in cage culture and bottom sediments by effects of gastropods without starvation respectively. Whereas it had a decrease of 12.6% and 11.4% of incrusting organisms in cage culture and bottom sediments by effects of gastropods with starvation respectively. The incrusting organism removed were mainly algae, colonial ascidia, polychaeta, bryozoan and small crustaceans.

Evolution of resistance with sequential application of insecticides in time and space

1989 ◽  
Vol 238 (1292) ◽  
pp. 245-276 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
And Migration

The effect, on the evolution of resistance, of alternating two unrelated insecticides in space or in time (or both) is studied. Transient polymorphism is shown to occur under certain conditions of mating, selection and migration. In some situations, the transient polymorphism can show a sharp decline before the alleles recover to fixation. Alternating a single insecticide in space, and in space and time, is also considered. Neither alternation in space nor in time shows any advantage with regard to delaying the onset of resistance. The most promising mode is to alternate the presence and absence of a single insecticide in both space and time, especially if it is applied at the larval stage and if some form of biological control is used in the regions where no insecticide is applied.

scholarly journals Biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato by Trichoderma isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghazalibiglar ◽  
D.R.W. Kandula ◽  
J.G. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Th is study investigated the ability of ten Trichoderma isolates to control the fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato Fusarium oxysporum f sp lycopersici as well as the eff ect of these isolates on tomato plant growth in the presence and absence of the pathogen The isolates were obtained from the Lincoln BioProtection Research Centre Culture Collection and were inoculated into seed raising mix (05 w/w) in two glasshouse studies Two Trichoderma isolates significantly (P

scholarly journals Zoophytophagy in predatory Hemiptera

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Braz Torres ◽  
David W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Discriminatory Analysis ◽  
Presence And Absence

Predaceous hemipteran feeding on different trophic levels have raised questions about their ecology and role in biological control. Therefore, specific adaptations allowing them to simultaneously use plants and animals as sources for their nutritional requirements are important. Enzymatic variability in predatory hemipterans has been suggested as the basic adaptation for convergent or divergent to omnivory. Thus, the salivary enzymatic complexes of predatory hemipterans have been furnished a partial understanding of the mechanisms permitting switching between plant and animal food sources. In this study, a discriminatory analysis was performed to attribute trophic habits to each insect investigated based on the presence and absence of salivary enzyme combinations. Although peptidase is found in all tested predatory hemipterans' salivary glands, it is not a distinguishing enzyme because it has been found in phytophagous species as well. However, the presence of peptidase and amylase activity in hemipteran salivary glands is considered to be an explanation for these insects' ability to switch their diet, predators feeding on plants (amylase) and herbivores taking prey (peptidase).

scholarly journals Inter- and intraspecific interactions in two mealybug predators Spalgis epius and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in the presence and absence of prey

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Dinesh ◽  
M.G. Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Egg Predation ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Spalgis Epius ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSpalgis epius and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri are the two potential predators of different species of mealybugs. However, the mode of their interactions is not known to use these predators together in the field. Hence, we investigated on the possible interactions i.e., cannibalism, intraguild predation (IGP) and competition between the predators in the presence and absence of prey Planococcus citri. In the presence of prey, no cannibalism and predation were observed in both S. epius and C. montrouzieri larvae. A pair of S. epius larvae consumed significantly more number of mealybugs than one S. epius/C. montrouzieri larva or a pair of C. montrouzieri larvae. The predation of S. epius larva by C. montrouzieri larva was significantly more than the predation of C. montrouzieri by S. epius. Conspecific and interspecific egg predation was absent both in S. epius and C. montrouzieri. Cannibalism in C. montrouzieri was more than that in S. epius. The study indicated that C. montrouzieri larvae can be used as an additive along with voracious S. epius larvae under abundant prey population. IGP was asymmetric between the two predators in the absence of prey. Both S. epius and C. montrouzieri larvae can maintain a stable coexistence when prey is abundantly available, however, in the complete absence of prey C. montrouzieri may dominate the guild. This study provides an insight into the possible complex inter- and intraspecific predatory phenomena in the field to use these two predators in the biological control of mealybugs.

The English–Wabigoon River System: II. Suppression of Mercury and Selenium Bioaccumulation by Suspended and Bottom Sediments

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2218-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. M. Rudd ◽  
Michael A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
River System ◽  
Fine Particulates ◽  
Mercury Bioaccumulation ◽  
Presence And Absence

Bioaccumulation of 203Hg and 75Se by several members of the food chain, including fish, was followed in large in situ enclosures in the presence and absence of organic-poor sediment. When the sediment was absent, 203Hg was bioaccumulated 8- to 16-fold faster than when it was either suspended in the water or present on the bottom of the enclosures. Mercury-contaminated and uncontaminated sediments were equally effective at reducing the rate of radiolabeled mercury bioaccumulation, apparently by binding the mercury to fine particulates making it less available for methylation and/or bioaccumulation. Based on these results, a mercury ameliorating procedure involving semicontinuous resuspension of organic-poor sediments with downstream deposition onto surface sediments is suggested. The presence of sediments, in the water or on the bottom of enclosures, also reduced radiolabeled selenium bioaccumulation. The degree of inhibition (2- to 10-fold) may have been related to the concentration of organic material in the predominantly inorganic sediments. Implications of this research with respect to mercury–selenium interactions in aquatic ecosystems are discussed.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

Effects of Noise and Increased Vocal Intensity on Stuttering

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Garber ◽  
Richard R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Presence And Absence

The present study was designed to assess the effects of increased vocal level on stuttering in the presence and absence of noise, and to assess the effects of noise on stuttering with and without a concomitant increase in vocal level. Accordingly, eight adult stutterers spoke in quiet with normal vocal level, in quiet with increased vocal level, in noise with normal level, and in noise with increased level. All subjects reduced stuttering in noise compared with quiet conditions. However, there was no difference in stuttering when subjects spoke with normal compared with increased vocal level. In the present study, reductions in stuttering under noise could not be explained by increases in vocal level. It appears, instead, that reductions in stuttering were related to a decrease in auditory feedback. The condition which resulted in the largest decrease in auditory feedback, speaking in noise with a normal level, also resulted in the largest decrease in stuttering.

Cost-Benefit Reasoning About Biological Control

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Monroe ◽  
Corinne Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cost Benefit

Oyster Culture in Relation to Disease

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (1095supp) ◽  
pp. 17501-17502
Author(s):  
T. E. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Culture
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