scholarly journals Myelography in calves: a comparative study between the contrast agents iopamidol and iohexol

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226
Author(s):  
G.M. Bueno ◽  
A.M. Girardi ◽  
T.J.C. Módolo ◽  
A.F. Sabes ◽  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Spinal Cord Disorders ◽  
Holstein Calves

ABSTRACT Due to the scarcity of myelogenous studies in cattle, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and distribution of iopamidol and iohexol contrast agents in calves, in order to determine guidelines for obtaining diagnostic radiographs of spinal cord disorders in these animals. Ten healthy Holstein calves, seven days to two months of age, were divided into two groups, according to the contrast medium applied. Myelographic studies of the spine were performed with the calves in lateral recumbency, with radiographs repeated 20 times during a two-hour period. On the radiographs, the contrast medium was analyzed for opacity, detail of the image, distension of the medullary canal, and progression of the contrast line. After seven days, the myelographic studies were repeated, with the contrast media exchanged between the groups. There were no significant differences in the quality of the images and speed of the spinal column filling between the two contrast media. Furthermore, the best quality radiographic images were obtained six to eight minutes after injection of the contrast in the cervical spinal segment, 80 minutes in the thoracic, and 20 minutes in the lumbar, sacral, and cauda equina segments.

Nonionic Contrast Media in Pediatric CT

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-M. Wiklund ◽  
I. Brolin ◽  
K. Sjöholm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Pediatric Radiology ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pediatric Ct ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

In pediatric radiology there is a great demand for a safe contrast medium. In this pediatric CT trial, the safety, tolerability and efficacy of 2 nonionic contrast media, iopentol (Imagopaque) and iohexol (Omnipaque), were evaluated. The study was performed as a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial, with 55 children receiving iopentol (300 mg I/ml) and 55 receiving iohexol (300 mg I/ml). The dose injected was 2 ml/kg b.w. with an upper limit of 100 ml. Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Adverse events were recorded by observation of the patients up to 24 hours after the examination. No clinically or statistically significant changes occurred. Seven adverse events other than discomfort (2 in the iopentol group and 5 in the iohexol group) were reported. The overall quality of CT enhancement was good or excellent in all cases. The results support the use of iopentol as an alternative to iohexol in pediatric CT examinations.

Oral Contrast Media in CT of the Abdomen

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 396-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lönnemark ◽  
Anders Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Bowel Opacification ◽  
Oral Contrast Media

In a double blind randomised study 3 different concentrations of iohexol for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen were compared. Iohexol in a concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml, 6.75 mg I/ml and 9 mg I/ml was used. No significant differences between the 3 preparations of contrast media were found regarding the contrast effect, the distribution or patient tolerance. When using iohexol as a bowel contrast medium at CT the concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml is sufficient for bowel opacification.

Nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporin a and Contrast Media

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Thomsen ◽  
S. Larsen ◽  
P. Skaarup ◽  
L. Hemmingsen ◽  
H. Dieperink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Albumin Excretion

Urine profiles (albumin, glucose, NAG, LDH, GGT and sodium) were followed for 22 h or 8 days after intravenous injection of diatrizoate, iohexol or saline in 30 adult Wistar rats in which nephrotoxicity was induced by daily peroral administration of 25 mg/kg body weight cyclosporin A over a 14-day period. Another 10 rats which had the vehicle of the cyclosporin A solution (placebo) and saline injected intravenously served as controls. The effect of iohexol and saline on the albumin excretion was similar, whereas diatrizoate increased it significantly. Both contrast media caused significantly increased excretion of all three enzymes. The contrast media had no effect on the excretion of glucose and sodium. Except for the fact that the excretion of NAG was significantly higher following iohexol than following diatrizoate 24 to 46 h after injection no significant differences between the two media were found from 24 h after injection among the rats given cyclosporin A. No contrast medium related changes were found by light microscopy of the kidneys. Neither iohexol nor diatrizoate potentiate acute cyclosporin A nephrotoxcity.

Addition of Local Anesthetics to Contrast Media

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
P. Nilsson ◽  
T. Almén ◽  
K. Golman ◽  
K. Jonsson ◽  
U. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions

The acute intravenous toxicity (i.v. LD50) of solutions of the ratio 1.5 contrast media metrizoate or diatrizoate and the ratio 3.0 contrast medium metrizamide was determined in mice with and without the addition of local anesthetics to the solutions. The two local anesthetics mepivacaine or lidocaine were added to final concentrations up to 2.0 mg/ml of the contrast medium solutions. This corresponds to clinically used concentrations. All additions of local anesthetics to the solutions increased the mortalities caused by the contrast medium solutions. Addition of local anesthetics to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml approximately doubled the acute intravenous toxicity of the contrast media. The ratio 3 contrast media produce less hypertonic solutions than the ratio 1.5 contrast media and should be preferred for angiography because they cause less pain and do not require the addition of local anesthetics which increase the acute toxicity of the solutions.

scholarly journals Comparative study of non-ionic contrast agents Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 in myelography in dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Radu Lăcătuș ◽  
Robert Cristian Purdoiu ◽  
Ardelean Filip ◽  
Ileana Matei ◽  
Maximiliean Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Essential Quality ◽  
Spinal Condition

Introduction: An essential quality of non-ionic contrast agents is that of containing in their chemical composition, elements with high atomic weight, which determine an increasing absorption of the X-ray beam and this will cause intense radiopacity. The possibilities for radiological exploration with non-ionic contrast agents are very wide. Currently the radiological examination with contrast agent no longer constitutes a risky step in medical diagnosis. Aims: To highlight the importance of using the non-ionic contrast agents Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 in dog’s myelography and to compare the changes induced in cerebrospinal fluid and blood biochemical constituents by the administration of those non-ionic contrast substances. Materials and Methods: To determine the influence of non-ionic preparations Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 on cerebrospinal fluid and on some haematological parameters were included in the study a total of 10 dogs. Results: Myelographies with Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 in dogs with severe spinal condition negatively influence biochemical and haematological blood status, being necessary to take preventive measures. Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 administration cause a slight sensitization of liver with blood biochemical parameters return to normal within 24-48 hours. Conclusion: Non-ionic contrast agents Optiray 350 and Ultravist 370 offer a very good opacification of the subarachnoidian space, but because it causes liver sensitization, we recommend using them with caution and only after a prior check of liver function.

scholarly journals Odontomas and imaging diagnosis: the concise systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Dessy Millan ◽  
Bárbara Castelli Gutinik ◽  
Lucas Louzada Mendes de Lima ◽  
Ana Katharina Gomes Teles ◽  
Tagnã Aparecido Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Tooth Impaction ◽  
Complex Odontoma ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
Bone Structures

Introduction: Odontomas are tumors of odontogenic origin. They represent on average 70% of all odontogenic tumors found. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent the loss of tissue element, tooth impaction, bone malformations, and displacement of bone structures, differentiating their types through panoramic radiographic images. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review of the characteristics of odontomas, differentiating their types through panoramic radiographic images. Methods: The research was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 84 articles were found. A total of 36 articles were evaluated in full and 17 were included and evaluated in the present study. A total of 3 Studies with a High Risk of Bias and 1 Study with Uncertain Risk. Radiographic examination is extremely important for the study and diagnosis of odontomas. Odontomas present a characteristic radiographic appearance. In complex odontomas, radiopacity is not specifically determined, showing itself as an irregular and disorganized mass surrounded by a narrow radiolucent zone. In the composite type, the radiographic image is pathognomonic. In the radiopaque image, dozens of denticles simulate small teeth surrounded by a thin radiolucent area. Composite odontoma, on the other hand, consists of the same calcified structures arranged in an orderly and related manner, similar to normal teeth contained in a fibrous capsule. The differential diagnosis of complex odontoma includes osteomas and condensing osteitis. Conclusion: Radiographic and/or tomographic examination is the best way to obtain an accurate diagnosis, precisely delimiting the lesion and nearby and involved structures.

Effects of Intravenous Injection of Diatrizoate, Iohexol or Ioxilan on Renal Size, Urine Profiles and Blood Profiles in the Rabbit

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rygaard ◽  
S. Dorph ◽  
H. S. Thomsen ◽  
T. Mygind ◽  
H. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Renal Size ◽  
Blood Profiles

Diatrizoate, iohexol or ioxilan were injected intravenously in 18 rabbits. The contrast medium passage through the kidneys was recorded on digital subtraction images for the first 50 s followed by 100 mm exposures up to 15 min after injection. The renal area was measured planimetrically. Urine profiles (glucose, phosphate, LDH, GGT, NAG), blood profiles (potassium, urea) and the relative clearance of albumin and sodium were followed for 5 days and compared with a control group injected with saline. All kidneys were examined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. All three contrast media produced excellent arteriograms and urograms. The three different contrast media caused a rapid increase of the kidney area within the first minute, reaching an average maximum of 10 to 12 per cent after 5 min, followed by a gradual decline. Contrary to expectations the increase in renal area was similar for all three contrast media, so hyperosmolality is no likely explanation of this phenomenon. None of the contrast agents caused significant changes in any of the profile components with one exception: the GGT excretion was significantly elevated during the first 24 h after diatrizoate administration as compared with the effect of saline. Light and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed no differences.

scholarly journals Effect of contrast media on urinary cytopathology specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Frees ◽  
Samir Bidnur ◽  
Michael Metcalfe ◽  
Peter Raven ◽  
Claudia Chavez-Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Bladder Cell ◽  
Bladder Cancer Model

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Urological dogma dictates that washings collected from the urinary tract for cytological assessment must be performed without interference from contrast agents that may alter cellular integrity and diagnostic interpretation. In practice, the initial contrast used to outline the upper tracts is commonly discarded with subsequent saline washings sent for cytology. We hypothesize that contrast washings do not affect the morphology of urothelial carcinoma cells or the integrity of cytology interpretation.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Samples obtained from (1) human bladder cell lines; (2) urine from a human xenograft bladder cancer model using UC-3 cells; and (3) patients with urothelial carcinoma were subjected to various experimental solutions (water, saline, urine, and dilutions of contrast media) for different exposure times. After exposure to various different solutions, samples underwent cytological analysis to assess morphologic and degenerative changes.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> No cytological differences were seen when cells were exposed to ionic, hyperosmolar, or non-ionic low-osmolar contrast agents for any exposures up to five minutes. Cells exposed to mixtures of contrast agents and urine also demonstrated no evidence of degenerative change. Cells exposed to water for greater than one minute demonstrated significant hydropic degeneration impacting cytological interpretation. At 40 minutes or later, all reagents caused severe degeneration when evaluating urine samples from the mouse bladder cancer model and from patients undergoing urothelial carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Commonly used contrast agents have no effect on urinary cytology up to five minutes. Contrast washings of the urinary tract should not be discarded and can be sent for cytological diagnosis if fixed within this time period.</p>

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