scholarly journals Safety alert for hospital environments and health professional: chlorhexidine is ineffective for coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Marcelo Souza de Assis ◽  
Renata Alves de Andrade Moreira Araújo ◽  
Angela Maria Moed Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Glass Plastic ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Latex Gloves ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Safety Alert ◽  
Metal Aluminum

SUMMARY An alarming fact was revealed by recent publications concerning disinfectants: chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for disinfecting surfaces contaminated by the new coronavirus. This is a finding that requires immediate disclosure since this substance is widely used for the disinfection of hands and forearms of surgeons and auxiliaries and in the antisepsis of patients in minimally invasive procedures commonly performed in hospital environments. The objective of this study is to compare the different disinfectants used for disinfection on several surfaces, in a review of worldwide works. Scientific studies were researched in the BVS (Virtual Health Library), PubMed, Medline, and ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency) databases. The following agents were studied: alcohol 62-71%, hydrogen peroxide 0.5%, sodium hypochlorite 0.1%, benzalkonium chloride 0.05-0.2%, povidone-iodine 10%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.02%, on metal, aluminum, wood, paper, glass, plastic, PVC, silicone, latex (gloves), disposable gowns, ceramic, and Teflon surfaces. Studies have shown that chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for inactivating some coronavirus subtypes, suggesting that it is also ineffective to the new coronavirus.

Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
M. O'DONONGHUE ◽  
M. V. BOOST
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Resistance Determinants

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.

Study of the hormetic effect of disinfectants chlorhexidine, povidone iodine and benzalkonium chloride

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morales-Fernández ◽  
M. Fernández-Crehuet ◽  
M. Espigares ◽  
E. Moreno ◽  
E. Espigares
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Hormetic Effect

scholarly journals Comparison of antiseptic efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine digluconate and povidone iodine for the applications of central and peripheral venous catheterisation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Şule Eda Ersöz ◽  
Akcan Akkaya ◽  
Esra Koçoğlu ◽  
Ümit Yaşar Tekelioğlu ◽  
Abdullah Demirhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate

Antimicrobial stewardship in the immunocompromised patient

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifa Lyster
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Hospital Environments

Immunocompromised patients are at a high risk of infection with resistant organisms due to their increased exposure to hospital environments, including the intensive care unit, their frequent need for invasive procedures, and increased antimicrobial use. To limit this growing trend, and due to the paucity of development of new antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action, the judicious use of the agents currently available should be encouraged. A broad spectrum of possible infections combined with the diagnostic uncertainty, clinical condition, and the specialist teams’ perceptions make antimicrobial stewardship very difficult. However, evidence presented in this chapter illustrates how stewardship in the immunocompromised host may be achieved.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Resistance Genes to Biocides in Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Clinical Isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Shahram Habibzadeh ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Somayeh Safarirad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Biocide Resistance

Abstract Background: Biocides are frequently used as preservative, disinfectant and sterilizer against many microorganisms in hospitals, industry and home. However, the resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains to biocides is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four frequently used biocides against P. aeruginosa and to determine the prevalence of genes involved in biocide resistance. Methods: A total of 76 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa strains were used in the present study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four biocides, i.e. chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, triclosan and formaldehyde, against P. aeruginosa strains were determined using agar dilution method. In addition, the prevalence of biocide resistance genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Results: In the present study, the highest MIC90 value was observed for benzalkonium chloride (MIC90=1024 μg/mL), followed by formaldehyde (MIC90=512 μg/mL), triclosan (MIC90=512 μg/mL) and chlorhexidine digluconate (MIC90=64 μg/mL). Furthermore, the prevalence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, fabV, cepA and fabI genes were 73.7% (n=56), 26.3% (n=20), 11.8% (n=9), 84.2% (n=64), 81.5% (n=62) and 0% (n=0), respectively. A significant association was observed between the presence of biocide resistance genes and MICs (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the presence of biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance (p>0.05), except for levofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics and qacE and qacG genes (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results revealed that chlorhexidine digluconate is the most effective biocide against P. aeruginosa isolates in Ardabil hospitals. However, we recommend continuous monitoring of the antimicrobial activity of biocides and the prevalence of biocide-associated resistance genes for a better prevention of microorganism dissemination and infection control in hospitals.

scholarly journals Reduced susceptibility to disinfectants of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms on glass and ceramic

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Ivanković ◽  
Ivana Goić-Barišić ◽  
Jasna Hrenović
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Minute Exposure ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
Baumannii Isolate

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of hospital and environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolate biofilms on ceramics and glass to common disinfectants benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine. For this purpose we developed a new method for biofilm cultivation and quantification on ceramics. The biofilm bacteria were more resistant to disinfectants than the planktonic populations, as more than 50 % of the biofilm population and none of the planktonic population survived 5-minute exposure. Furthermore, biofilm populations on ceramic tiles were significantly more resistant than those on glass coverslips, even though the amount of biofilm was practically the same on ceramics and glass. The reason for reduced susceptibility of A. baumannii biofilms on ceramics may be related to surface/disinfection interactions. Our findings suggest that biofilms on ceramic surfaces can be an important source of A. baumannii infection in hospital environments.

scholarly journals Comparison of disinfection effect between benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine in nasotracheal intubation: a randomized trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiji Sato-Boku ◽  
Keiji Nagano ◽  
Yoshiaki Hasegawa ◽  
Yuji Kamimura ◽  
Yoshiki Sento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Nasotracheal Intubation

Comparative Efficacy of Handwashing Agents against Cytomegalovirus

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Faix
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Latex Gloves ◽  
Human Cadaver Skin ◽  
Cadaver Skin ◽  
Child Care Professionals ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution

AbstractConscientious handwashing is often recommended as an important method for limiting transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) from infected individuals to health, education, and child care professionals. To assess the efficacy of handwashing, fingertips of radiation-sterilized latex gloves were inoculated with 0.2 mL of ten different CMV strains. Virus in each inoculum was quantitated by plaque assay. After five minutes, viral inocula were allowed to remain (control), or were washed away by dropwise application of 10 mL of distilled water (DI), 5 mL of 0.08% soap followed by 5 mL of DI, 5 mL of 0.01% Chlorhexidine gluconate followed by 5 mL of DI, or 5 mL of 0.025% povidone-iodine solution followed by 5 mL of DI. Separate glove fingertips were sampled 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after washing and cultured in duplicate for CMV. Similar studies were performed using human cadaver skin. Ordinary soap was as effective at preventing CMV recovery as other more expensive agents. For inocula with <5 log10 pfu CMV/mL, washing with water alone was as effective as other agents. This was confirmed in similar studies with human hands using five CMV stains. Handwashing is probably an effective method for removing CMV from contaminated hands.

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