scholarly journals Feral pigeons (Columba livia) as potential reservoirs of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Horn Vasconcelos ◽  
Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Isaac Neto Goes da Silva ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Lopes ◽  
William Cardoso Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Public ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Foodborne Infections

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to review the scientific literature for information about free-living pigeons (Columba livia) as potential reservoirs of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Rock doves are currently adapted to the urban environment and distributed all over the world. These birds carry microorganisms that are pathogenic for man and other animals, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Among these microorganisms, Salmonella is a pathogenic genus that cause severe economic losses and it is zoonotic, causing foodborne infections in humans. In addition, Escherichia coli is an worrisome species involved in the poultry industry. However, this micro-organism is also a risk to the public health, considering pathotypes that are known to cause diseases in man have been isolated from feral pigeons. The infections caused by these bacteria depend on virulence factors that provide the necessary tools to develop the disease. These factors are encoded by genes that may be found in pathogenicity islands inside the bacterial genome. In addition, pigeons may harbor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, which may pass this characteristic to other strains, and present a risk to the public health as well. In conclusion, pigeons are reservoirs of strains of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli that may present high levels of resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and diarrheagenic diagnosis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolated from feral pigeons (Columba livia) captured in Fortaleza, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben V. Horn ◽  
Windleyanne G.A. Bezerra ◽  
Elisângela S. Lopes ◽  
Régis S.C. Teixeira ◽  
Isaac N.G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feral Pigeons

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to isolate Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from captured feral pigeons in Fortaleza, Brazil, and, in addition to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and diagnose diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Pigeons were captured in four public locations in Fortaleza with three techniques. Individual cloacal swab samples were collected and submitted to bacterial isolation, biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Disk diffusion technique was used with twelve antibiotics. E. coli strains were submitted to DNA extraction followed by PCR to diagnose five diarrheagenic pathotypes. A total of 124 birds were captured. One bird was positive for Salmonella enterica (0.81%) and 121 (97.58%) were positive for E. coli. Among these, 110 isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test and 28.18% (31/110) presented resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to azithromycin was the most frequent (21.82%), followed by tetracycline (10.91%) and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (8.9%). Multidrug resistance, calculated as a resistance to at least 3 antimicrobial classes, was identified in 3.64% (4/110) of strains. The maximum number of antimicrobial classes to which one strain was resistant was seven. Results demonstrated nine different resistance profiles and the most frequent was tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (4 strains), followed by chloramphenicol, azithromycin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (3 strains). Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and tobramycin presented lowest levels of antimicrobial resistance, to which none of the tested strains were resistant. A single strain was positive for the eltB gene, which is a diagnostic tool to identify the Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotype. None of the other investigated genes (stx1, stx2, estA, eaeA, ipaH, aatA and aaiC) were identified. The single isolate of S. enterica was a rough strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, but serotype identification was not possible. However, this isolate presented resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim. Therefore, captured feral pigeons of Fortaleza presented a low prevalence of S. enterica and diarrheagenic E. coli. Considering the investigated pathogens, our results suggest a good health status and a low public health risk. However, important antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified.

scholarly journals Resistance profile to antimicrobials of Salmonella spp. isolated from human infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Regina Delicato ◽  
Jane Martha Graton Mikcha ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Fernandes ◽  
Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Foodborne Infections

The purpose of this study was to analyse the profile of antimicrobial resistance among 21 strains of Salmonella isolated from patients with gastroenteritis symptom. It was observed that S. enteritidis was the serotype prevalent. These strains were sensitive to the majority of the antimicrobials tested, however, high resistance was observed in S. typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:-. Surveillance and an efficient monitoring should be priority for the public health for the containment of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne infections.

RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN 198 (ATCC-11229) TO PHENOL1

1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Cecil W. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strain Number

Escherichia coli, P.H.S. strain number 198 (A.T.C.C.-11229), has been extensively used in germicide tests. In the 1956 “Revision of Appendix F, Bactericidal Treatment, Milk Ordinance and Code — 1953 Recommendations of the Public Health Service” it is suggested that resistance of the culture, “using a well known chemical such as phenol”, be determined. Data presented show the resistance of this culture to phenol, using the A.O.A.C. phenol-coefficient test.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis as an Aid To Assess the Public Health Risk of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2153-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Coombes ◽  
Mark E. Wickham ◽  
Mariola Mascarenhas ◽  
Samantha Gruenheid ◽  
B. Brett Finlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Globally Distributed

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are commensal bacteria in cattle with high potential for environmental and zoonotic transmission to humans. Although O157:H7 is the most common STEC serotype, there is growing concern over the emergence of more than 200 highly virulent non-O157 STEC serotypes that are globally distributed, several of which are associated with outbreaks and/or severe human illness such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis. At present, the underlying genetic basis of virulence potential in non-O157 STEC is unknown, although horizontal gene transfer and the acquisition of new pathogenicity islands are an expected origin. We used seropathotype classification as a framework to identify genetic elements that distinguish non-O157 STEC strains posing a serious risk to humans from STEC strains that are not associated with severe and epidemic disease. We report the identification of three genomic islands encoding non-LEE effector (nle) genes and 14 individual nle genes in non-O157 STEC strains that correlate independently with outbreak and HUS potential in humans. The implications for transmissible zoonotic spread and public health are discussed. These results and methods offer a molecular risk assessment strategy to rapidly recognize and respond to non-O157 STEC strains from environmental and animal sources that might pose serious public health risks to humans.

scholarly journals Applicability of Phylogenetic Methods for Characterizing the Public Health Significance of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Ziebell ◽  
Paulina Konczy ◽  
Irene Yong ◽  
Shelley Frost ◽  
Mariola Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Serious Disease

ABSTRACT Two phylogenetic methods (multilocus sequence typing [MLST] and a multiplex PCR) were investigated to determine whether phylogenetic classification of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes correlates with their classification into groups (seropathotypes A to E) based on their relative incidence in human disease and on their association with outbreaks and serious complications. MLST was able to separate 96% of seropathotype D and E serotypes from those that cause serious disease (seropathotypes A to C), whereas the multiplex PCR lacked this level of seropathotype discrimination.

scholarly journals Predicting the public health benefit of vaccinating cattle against Escherichia coli O157

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (40) ◽  
pp. 16265-16270 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Matthews ◽  
R. Reeve ◽  
D. L. Gally ◽  
J. C. Low ◽  
M. E. J. Woolhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Public Health Benefit ◽  
The Public

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in Leafy Green Vegetables Consumed at Salad Bars

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. FRANZ ◽  
S. O. TROMP ◽  
H. RIJGERSBERG ◽  
H. J. van der FELS-KLERX
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli

Fresh vegetables are increasingly recognized as a source of foodborne outbreaks in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative microbial risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes infection from consumption of leafy green vegetables in salad from salad bars in The Netherlands. Pathogen growth was modeled in Aladin (Agro Logistics Analysis and Design Instrument) using time-temperature profiles in the chilled supply chain and one particular restaurant with a salad bar. A second-order Monte Carlo risk assessment model was constructed (using @Risk) to estimate the public health effects. The temperature in the studied cold chain was well controlled below 5°C. Growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was minimal (17 and 15%, respectively). Growth of L. monocytogenes was considerably greater (194%). Based on first-order Monte Carlo simulations, the average number of cases per year in The Netherlands associated the consumption leafy greens in salads from salad bars was 166, 187, and 0.3 for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The ranges of the average number of annual cases as estimated by second-order Monte Carlo simulation (with prevalence and number of visitors as uncertain variables) were 42 to 551 for E. coli O157:H7, 81 to 281 for Salmonella, and 0.1 to 0.9 for L. monocytogenes. This study included an integration of modeling pathogen growth in the supply chain of fresh leafy vegetables destined for restaurant salad bars using software designed to model and design logistics and modeling the public health effects using probabilistic risk assessment software.

scholarly journals A transposon-associated CRISPR/Cas9 system specifically eliminates both chromosomal and plasmid-borne mcr-1 in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Zhang He ◽  
Jin-Ru Yan ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Hao Ren ◽  
Xu Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Suicide Plasmid ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Clinical Pathogens

The global spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has been one of the most severe threat to public health. The emergence of mcr-1 gene has posed a considerable threat to antimicrobial medication since it deactivates one last-resort antibiotic, colistin. There have been reports regarding the mobilization of the mcr-1 gene facilitated by IS Apl1- formed transposon Tn 6330 and mediated rapid dispersion among Enterobacteriaceae species. Here we developed a CRISPR-Cas9 system flanked by IS Apl1 in a suicide plasmid capable of exerting the sequence-specific curing against mcr-1 bearing plasmid and killing the strain with chromosomal-borne mcr-1 . The constructed IS Apl1 -carried CRISPR-Cas9 system either restored the sensitivity to colistin of strains with plasmid-borne mcr-1 or directly eradicated the bacteria harbored the chromosomal-borne mcr-1 by introducing an exogenous CRISPR/Cas9 targeting mcr-1 gene. This method is highly efficient in removing mcr-1 gene from Escherichia coli and thereby resensitizing these strains to colistin. The further results demonstrated that it conferred the recipient bacteria with the immunity against the acquisition of the exogenous mcr-1- containing the plasmid. The data from the current study highlighted the potential of the transposon-associated CRISPR/Cas9 system to serve as a therapeutic approach to control the dissemination of mcr-1 resistance among clinical pathogens.

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