scholarly journals ROADS AND DAMS: INFRASTRUCTURE-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIO F. MORAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Development ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Belo Monte ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

Abstract From the construction of the Trans-Amazon Highway in the 1970's to the current construction of the third largest hydroelectric dam in the world at Belo Monte, the Brazilian Amazon has experienced the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects. When announced, all these projects purported to be the means to achieve progress, national integration, and economic development. The outcomes after several decades are less clear: national indebtedness, significant social and environmental impacts, and regional development taking second place to other goals such as energy production and national GDP. Solutions are suggested to reduce the negative impacts and achieve the goal of improved livelihoods and sustainable development without giving up on national development goals.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN IMPACTS OF HYDROELETRIC DAMS BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH OF BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLAUME LETURCQ
Keyword(s):  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Area North ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract The environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazil are investigated in local and regional scales, for the last years. In this paper, we analyze the impact than the establishment of a hydroelectric dam has for the people and their spaces, with the comparative experiences occurred for the North and South of Brazil. We will focus on aspects related to the organization of families, social fight, the compensation and resettlement of people affected by the dam's construction, as well we take a look to the similarities between the two areas, with emphasis on aspects related to migration, mobility and landscapes. For this, we rely on research carried out on the river Uruguay (South), based on interviews, questionnaires and studies of primary and secondary sources, from 2007 to 2014 and also in a survey that is currently being held in Belo Monte area (North), which also uses primary and secondary sources, with fieldwork periods.

scholarly journals CITIZEN PARTICIPATION, QUALITY OF LIFE AND TERRITORIAL TRANS-REGIONAL JUSTICE: A SOCIAL BASIS FOR COMMON GOOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORGE ROJAS HERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

Abstract For globalized local worlds undergoing transformation, territorial interventions are increasingly producing larger social and environmental impacts. Macro-interventions profoundly alter the functioning of ecosystems and human habitats or communities, becoming inclusive in extreme situations of exploitation or extraction, risking their very existence. Therefore it is necessary to develop a system or Social Baseline that clearly establishes the philosophical bases, restrictions and criteria that regulate and curb the negative impacts of such interventions. This implies defining methods for citizen participation. This article focuses on defining a basic framework with criteria and indicators that regulate the impact of macro-interventions - of different natures - on human territories and communities.

scholarly journals The Influence of Decentralized Wind Power on the Characteristics of Distribution Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
Ruomeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Planning And Operation

This paper expounds the influence of decentralized wind power on the characteristics of distribution network. Through analysis, it can be concluded that after installing an appropriate amount of decentralized wind power, the voltage level of load bus can be improved. The power flow distribution will be changed, and the network loss of the power grid will be reduced. The decentralized wind power has also brought about negative impacts, such as voltage flicker and harmonics, the impact on the scope and direction of protection of relay protection, and greater uncertainty in the planning and operation of regional power grid. The analysis above provides some theoretical guidance for the large-scale development of decentralized wind power in the future.

ISLAMIC BLENDED FINANCE FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY IMPACTFUL SMEs TO ACHIEVE SDGs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
TARIQULLAH KHAN ◽  
FATOU BADJIE
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Development ◽  
Contract Design ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

In this research, we present a framework for blended Islamic finance for impactful small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The blend results from discussing the pertinent perspectives that underlie the motives philanthropy, private sector activities and public sector facilitation. The consensus of these three stakeholders on the impact criteria is an essential precondition for the blend to happen. Therefore, we first developed the consensus-based impact criteria for SMEs, namely, 4Zeros & SS (zero-waste, zero-emissions, zero-interest, zero-foreclosures and service to society). After that, we adopted a financial engineering approach to design products by blending the three motives. Financial contracts could be incentive compatible and effective if these three motivations are recognized and brought together. The purpose of our research is to offer such incentive-compatible structures that can mobilize funding for impactful SMEs, save cost as well as generate revenue for self-sustainability. In the contract design, the private sector provides finance, the philanthropist pays the costs of funds, the public sector facilitates, and the impactful SME gets subsidized financing. Since the blended nature of the contract provides a social subsidy to fund the cost element of the financing, the proposed structure creates a win–win result for the blending parties. While financial institutions expand into the SMEs sector for profitability, blended Islamic finance will attract additional resources towards enhancing development impact. Through the philanthropic component, SMEs, on the other hand, will access the source of social subsidy that will relieve the burden of the exorbitant commercial rates. The funding structure will reduce risk perception and spur growth. Consequently, this collaborative and innovative contract design will contribute to achieving multidimensional human development, as enshrined in the Maqasid al-Shariah, and the SDGs. Impactful businesses must integrate environmental, social and governance best practices as well as national development goals. Hence, the proposal offers several benefits and prospects of extended use for other consensus-based purposes such as low-cost housing, solar panelling, health, education, etc.

‘This Life of Misery and Shame’: Female Prostitution in Guatemala City, 1880–1920

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McCreery
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Guatemala City ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

A number of recent studies1 suggest that prostitution – ‘The act or practice of indulging in promiscuous sexual relations, especially for money’2 – in western society increased dramatically in the late nineteenth century, both in real terms and in popular consciousness. ‘Large scale, conspicuous prostitution’, they argue, ‘was a by-product of the first, explosive stage in the growth of the modern, industrial city…’ It is a proposition of this article that such changes were, in fact, far more widespread. From the evidence of Guatemala it appears that prostitution also increased during these years in agricultural export societies. Under the impact of demands from industrializing nations, colonial and neo-colonial regimes overhauled domestic economic and social structures to increase raw material and food production for export. Unprecedented but unstable economic prosperity, urbanization, and the social disorganization resulting from the implementation of systems of forced labour and removal from the land created a climate propitious for an increase in and institutionalization of commerical sex. This paper is an examination of the growth of female prostitution in late nineteenth-century Guatemala City, of the situation and attitudes of the women involved, and of state efforts to control the traffic. More broadly, it argues that attempts to regulate prostitution must be understood as part of a liberal drive to mobilize and control society as a whole in the interest of a class-defined vision of national development.

scholarly journals The Mitochondrial Prohibitin (PHB) Complex in C. elegans Metabolism and Ageing Regulation

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Artur B. Lourenço ◽  
Marta Artal-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Biochemical Function ◽  
The Impact

The mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex, composed of PHB-1 and PHB-2, is an evolutionarily conserved context-dependent modulator of longevity. This extremely intriguing phenotype has been linked to alterations in mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. The true biochemical function of the mitochondrial PHB complex remains elusive, but it has been shown to affect membrane lipid composition. Recent work, using large-scale biochemical approaches, has highlighted a broad effect of PHB on the C. elegans metabolic network. Collectively, the biochemical data support the notion that PHB modulates, at least partially, worm longevity through the moderation of fat utilisation and energy production via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Herein, we review, in a systematic manner, recent biochemical insights into the impact of PHB on the C. elegans metabolome.

scholarly journals The evaluation of large-scale collaborations between primary care general practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X703085
Author(s):  
Amelia Harshfield ◽  
Natasha Elmore ◽  
Jon Sussex
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Oecd Country ◽  
External Support ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGeneral practice is under mounting pressure to ensure its future sustainability. Collaborations between GP practices are perceived as one way to respond to these pressures and they have been mandated by The NHS Long Term Plan.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the facilitators, barriers, impacts, and costs associated with collaboration.MethodA rapid evidence assessment was carried out between September and November 2018. Publications over the last 20 years were eligible for inclusion if they were in English and covered any high-income OECD country. Publications between 1998 and 2012 inclusive, were limited to reviews only. No methodological restrictions were applied to publications between 2013 and 2018. A total of 52 publications were included for final data extraction (36 academic and 16 grey literature).ResultsFacilitators of GP collaboration include strong leadership, external support, trusting relationships, clear roles and objectives, and mutual shared history/vision. Barriers to collaboration were tied to an absence of key elements such as lack of clarity, core skills, time, human resources, trust, financial support, face-to-face interactions, and leadership. Positive impacts of collaboration included the delivery of high-quality health care, better clinical health outcomes, and improve employee satisfaction while negative impacts included challenging GP autonomy, feeling overwhelmed by workload, and a reduction of continuity of care for patients.ConclusionThere are numerous facilitators to GP collaboration. Barriers are often present as an absence of facilitators. Further research is needed to evidence the impact(s) and cost-effectiveness of GP practice collaboration.

scholarly journals Sustainable recovery – challenges and opportunities for Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-97
Author(s):  
Andrei Sakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Planning System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to check Russia’s strategic planning system and anti-crisis measures against the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by monitoring the documents for policy objectives directly or indirectly corresponding to the targets of the sustainable development goals (SDG); comparing the indicators present in the Russian documents with those in the 2030 Agenda; assessing the impact of anti-crisis measures on the sustainable development outlook in the country; and tracing the changes present in the latest socio-economic development initiatives of the Russian government. The scope of the study in terms of the number of documents analyzed was determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Federal Law No. 172-FZ On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation, and includes a vast array of federal strategies, sectoral strategic planning documents, national and federal projects, state programmes, the 2020 Presidential Decree No. 474 On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period Until 2030 and its auxiliary documents, as well as other ad hoc anti-crisis planning instruments, such as the 2020 Nationwide Action Plan. The results of the analysis make it possible to trace the paradigm shift in Russia’s decision-making toward incorporating more elements of the sustainability discourse characteristic of the 2030 Agenda and other multilateral arrangements, particularly in regard to climate change and environment, taking place in 2020–21.

scholarly journals Saprophytic flies in impacted areas of the Belo Monte Dam, Pará, Brazil (Diptera: Mesembrinellidae, Neriidae, Ropalomeridae, and Sarcophagidae): community composition, abundance, and species richness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lorena Damasceno Queiroz ◽  
Caroline Costa De-Souza ◽  
Hermes Fonseca de Medeiros ◽  
William Leslie Overal ◽  
Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Xingu River ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Belo Monte

Abstract: The present study aims to document the community composition, abundance, and species richness of saprophytic fly species (Mesembrinellidae, Neriidae, Ropalomeridae, and Sarcophagidae) of the Volta Grande region of the Xingu River, a poorly sampled area impacted by the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. Five collecting trips were carried out between 2014 and 2016, when traps baited with fermenting bananas were used. A total of 154 specimens, three genera, and six species were collected of Mesembrinellidae; 196 specimens, three genera, and seven species of Neriidae; 272 specimens, three genera, and six species of Ropalomeridae; and 624 specimens, 22 species and 10 genera of Sarcophagidae. Species accumulation curves for all families except Sarcophagidae demonstrated a strong tendency towards stabilization, showing that sampling efforts were sufficient to record most of the targeted species. Laneela perisi (Mariluis, 1987) (Mesembrinellidae) is a new record for the state of Pará. Among Ropalomeridae, Apophorhynchus amazonensisPrado, 1966, is a new record for Pará. Among Sarcophagidae, Helicobia aurescens (Townsend, 1927) is newly recorded from the Brazilian Amazon, and Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861) and Titanogrypa larvicida (Lopes, 1935) are new records for Pará.

scholarly journals Economic Sanctions and Academia: Overlooked Impact and Long-Term Consequences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Bezuidenhout ◽  
Ola Zeinalabdin Abdelrahim Karrar ◽  
Javier Lezaun ◽  
Andy Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
National Development ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

There is an often-overlooked nexus between economic sanctions, academia, and sustainable development. The paper unpacks the implication of economic sanctions for the maintenance of robust academic systems capable of addressing national development goals. We show how sanctions place “invisible barriers” limiting access to necessary resources and curtailing their effective use. Furthermore, the impact of sanctions persists long after they are formally lifted. To develop our argument, we draw on a national survey of Sudanese academics focused on the impact of 20 years of economic sanctions on their work. It identifies key areas of academic research and education that have been impacted by international sanctions. It also discusses how the 2017 lifting of these sanctions is unlikely to overcome the long-term implications of the sanctions on academia. The paper concludes by problematising the current interpretation of jus post bellum, or moral behaviour after conflict. It suggests that the responsibility to make reparations in the form of support for academic systems applies to countries who impose economic sanctions.

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