scholarly journals Pollination in the oil palms Elaeis guineensis, E. oleifera and their hybrids (OxG), in tropical America

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Raquel Meléndez ◽  
William Patricio Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
South American ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Tropical America

ABSTRACT Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is very important in the Central and South American economies. Plants suffer from a devastating fungal disease known as "lethal decay" or "pudrición del cogollo", in Spanish. Producer countries in Africa, Asia and tropical America have developed breeding programs that seek the tolerance of this disease by plants. The hybrids Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera (OxG) are resistant, but show physiological problems that affect commercial productivity. Natural pollination in these hybrids is low and manual pollination has high labor costs. The Coleoptera order is the most numerous and diverse natural pollinator, and the Elaeidobius genus has high efficiency and specificity to oil palm species. Elaeidobius kameronicus, Elaeidobius subvittatus and Mystrops costaricensis are the insects most commonly associated with oil palm inflorescences. Dynamics in insect populations change according to palm species and weather conditions. It is necessary to understand the insect behavior and population dynamics in OxG hybrids. Thus, recent studies on oil palm pollination, insect diversity and distribution in Latin America are discussed in this study.

Development of new marker methods—an example from oil palm

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Price ◽  
Alan H. Schulman ◽  
Sean Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Diversity Studies

AbstractThis paper reviews marker methods based on retrotransposons and illustrates examples from oil palm. Prior to this study, very little had been known about the repetitive DNA present in oil palm and no marker systems based on retrotransposons had been developed. Firstly, copia like retrotransposons of Elaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera were characterized by performing phylogenetic analyses on a portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of copia-like retrotransposons. The results identified three classes of copia-like retrotransposons in the three species studied. While the C-class RT sequences seemed to have amplified preferentially only in Elaeis guineensis, the classes A and B were present in Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera as well. Secondly, long terminal repeats (LTRs) from these retrotransposon classes were isolated as a prelude to developing a marker system in palm based on retrotransposons. The B- and C-class LTRs were isolated by primer walking from the RT region and the B-class from Elaeis oleifera and Cocos nucifera with the use of oil palm-specific RnaseH primers. The method has been developed and applied for breeding purposes in oil palm, hybrids between E. oleifera and E. guineensis and within the tribe Cocoeae. There is scope for the method to be used in the isolation of new retrotransposon families endogenous for each palm species and as an alternative to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in diversity studies within the Palmae.

scholarly journals Comportamiento agronómico del cultivar híbrido RC1 de Palma de aceite (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) x Elaeis guineensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Bastidas ◽  
Eduardo Peña ◽  
Rafael Reyes ◽  
José Pérez ◽  
William Tolosa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Palm Species

<p>Se realizó transferencia de genes desde la especie Nolí (<em>Elaeis oleifera</em>) a la especie Palma de aceite (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) mediante retrocruzamientos con el propósito de obtener un cultivar que tuviera alta producción de frutos y aceite por unidad de área, baja tasa de crecimiento, tolerancia a enfermedades, y aceite con alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos. La primera generación de retrocruzamiento RC1 se obtuvo mediante polinización controlada entre palmas del híbrido interespecífico F1 (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) usadas como progenitor femenino, con palmas de la especie <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>como progenitor masculino. En 1995 se establecieron en campo las descendencias de cinco cruces RC1, planteando como hipótesis de segregación que el 50% de los descendientes corresponderían al genotipo de palma de aceite y el 50% restante al genotipo del híbrido RC1 con carga genética africana (75% <em>E. guineensis </em>y 25% <em>E. oleifera</em>). Los datos de campo se analizaron con base en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo jerárquico y desigual número de repeticiones por tratamiento; para probar la hipótesis se aplicó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (χ2). En el cuarto año de producción los híbridos RC1 promisorios alcanzaron 35,0 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> de fruto, con 19,6% de aceite y una producción anual estimada de aceite de 6,3 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>. Estos híbridos crecieron en promedio 25,8 cm por año, característica que aumenta a más de 40 años la expectativa de vida útil de la plantación. Hasta la fecha presentan tolerancia a cuatro enfermedades de carácter letal que afectan la Palma de aceite en Colombia, puesto que durante siete años de evaluación no se han presentado síntomas. El aceite de estos híbridos contiene mayor concentración de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenos que el de la Palma de aceite.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Agronomic behavior of the BC1 hybrid cultivar of oil palm (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em></strong></p><p>A transfer of genes from the species Nolí (<em>Elaeis oleifera</em>) to the oil palm species (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) was made using backcrosses, with the objective of obtaining a cultivar with high fruit and oil production per unit of area, slow rate of growth, disease tolerance, and oil with high content of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenes. The first backcross generation, BC1, was obtained using controlled pollination between palms of the interspecific F1 hybrid (<em>Elaeis oleifera </em>x <em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) used as the female parent with palms of the species <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>as the male progenitor. In 1995 the progeny of five BC1s were established in the field, proposing the segregation hypothesis that 50% of the progeny would correspond to the genotype of oil palm and the remaining 50% to the genotype of the BC1 hybrid with a load of African genes (75% <em>E. guineensis </em>and 25% <em>E. oleifera</em>). The field data were analyzed based on a completely random design with hierarchical array and uneven number of repetitions per treatment; Chi<sup>2</sup> was used to test the hypothesis. In the fourth year of production the promising BC1s reached 35 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> of fruit, with 19.6% of oil and an estimated oil production of 6.3 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> per year. These hybrids grew an average of 25.8 cm per year, a characteristic that increases the useful life expectancy of a plantation to more than 40 years. To date, these hybrids show tolerance to four deadly diseases that affect the oil palm in Colombia, since no symptoms have been observed during the eight years of evaluation. The oil from these hybrids contains greater concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids than that of oil palm.</p>

scholarly journals In Silico Approach for Characterization and Comparison of Repeats in the Genomes of Oil and Date Palms

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117793221770238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaire Alves Ferreira Filho ◽  
Lucas Soares de Brito ◽  
André Pereira Leão ◽  
Alexandre Alonso Alves ◽  
Eduardo Fernandes Formighieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Almost All

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements present in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Due to their typical patterns of repetition, discovery, and characterization, they demand analysis by various bioinformatics software. Probably, as a result of the need for a complex analysis, many genomes publicly available do not have these elements annotated yet. In this study, a de novo and homology-based identification of TEs and microsatellites was performed using genomic data from 3 palm species: Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm, v.1, Embrapa, unpublished; v.8, Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], public), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, v.5, MPOB, public), and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). The estimated total coverage of TEs was 50.96% (523 572 kb) and 42.31% (593 463 kb), 39.41% (605 015 kb), and 33.67% (187 361 kb), respectively. A total of 155 726 microsatellite loci were identified in the genomes of oil and date palms. This is the first detailed description of repeats in the genomes of oil and date palms. A relatively high diversity and abundance of TEs were found in the genomes, opening a range of further opportunities for applied research in these genera. The development of molecular markers (mainly simple sequence repeat), which may be immediately applied in breeding programs of those species to support the selection of superior genotypes and to enhance knowledge of the genetic structure of the breeding and natural populations, is the most notable opportunity.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of bunches from American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) and their hybrids with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chaves ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto- Moreno ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayon-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
African Oil Palm

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las características físicas y químicas de racimos de genotipos de Elaeis oleifera y de sus híbridos interespecíficos OxG con Elaeis guineensis, determinando los componentes y el potencial del aceite del racimo, y la calidad de los aceites, analizando el contenido de ácidos grasos, vitamina E y carotenos. En el estudio se utilizaron racimos provenientes de inflorescencias sin polinización asistida con la presencia perimetral de E. guineensis. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres unidades experimentales, cada una conformada por tres racimos. Los mayores cuajados del fruto se encontraron en el genotipo de E. oleifera Sinú (76,53 %) y el híbrido OxG II (72,64 %). Los potenciales de extracción de aceite fueron superiores en los materiales híbridos OxG destacándose el II (20,82 %). Las palmas E. oleifera presentaron mejores perfiles de ácidos grasos, destacándose los materiales del genotipo Sinú (79,1 % de ácidos grasos insaturados) y los del híbrido II (70,2 %). Para el contenido de vitamina E se confirmó la alta calidad del aceite de los materiales de E. oleifera, sobresaliendo el genotipo Coarí (1.006,7 ppm) y el híbrido II (1.549,6 ppm); el material del genotipo Sinú registró el mayor contenido de carotenos totales (1.524,7 ppm).

scholarly journals Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez ◽  
Iván Ochoa-Cadavid ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Photosyn Thesis

Elaeis guineensis palms and its interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) were planted in 2004 in the Cuernavaca farm of Unipalma S.A., located in the municipality of Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The palms were planted in two fields: Mecasaragua and Aurora. The first field has never been irrigated, and the second one (Aurora) has always been flood-irrigated during the dry season according to the parameters of the plantation. In this study, physiological parameters (gas exchange and water potential) were assessed in three seasons of the year 2013 (dry season, dry-to-wet transition season and wet season). Significant gas exchange differences were found among the seasons in the field with no irrigation (Mecasaragua). Likewise, differences between the genetic materials were observed during the dry season. For example, the photosyn thesis decreased by 75% compared with the palms planted in the irrigated field. No differences among seasons or materials were found in the irrigated field (Aurora). E. guineensis palms were more sensitive to water stress compared with the OxG interspecific hybrid. Both genetic materials responded rapidly to the first rains by leveling their photosynthetic rates and demonstrated an excellent capacity to recover from water stress.

scholarly journals Phenology of the oil palm interspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Hormaza ◽  
Eloina Mesa Fuquen ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera

OIL PALM BUD ROT IN LATIN AMERICA

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DE FRANQUEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Holding Back

In South and Central America, tens of thousands of hectares of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are affected by bud-rot types of disease. Having destroyed entire estates in Panama, Colombia, Suriname, Brazil and Ecuador, they are holding back the development of oil palm cultivation in Latin America. The cause is unknown. Indeed, 30 years after these diseases first wreaked havoc on a large scale, it is still not known whether we are dealing with one or more diseases of infectious origin, or with a physiological disorder. Despite lengthy research launched in the early 1980s, no pathogens or insect vectors have been clearly identified. At present, genetics look likely to offer a solution in the medium- to long term, using traits of resistance transmitted by the native species on the American continent, Elaeis oleifera, to the interspecific hybrid E. oleifera×E. guineensis.

scholarly journals Bud Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora: A Destructive Emerging Disease of Oil Palm

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Torres ◽  
G. A. Sarria ◽  
G. Martinez ◽  
F. Varon ◽  
A. Drenth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
The Tropics

Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. Epidemics caused by P. infestans precipitated the great Irish famine and had a major impact on society and human history. In the tropics, P. palmivora is a pathogen of many plant species including cacao (Theobroma cacao), citrus (Citrus sp.), durian (Durio zibethines), jackfruit (Artrocarpus heterophyllus), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and several palm species including coconut (Cocos nucifera), and the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as determined recently. The first localized epidemics of bud rot in oil palm in Colombia were reported in 1964. However, recent epidemics of bud rot have destroyed more than 70,000 ha of oil palm in the Western and Central oil palm growing regions of Colombia. The agricultural, social, and economic implications of these outbreaks have been significant in Colombia. Identification of the pathogen after 100 years of investigating the disease in the world enabled further understanding of infection, expression of a range of symptoms, and epidemiology of the disease. This review examines the identification of P. palmivora as the cause of bud rot in Colombia, its epidemiology, and discusses the importance of P. palmivora as a major threat to oil palm plantings globally.

scholarly journals Estimation of transpiration in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with the heat ratio method

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Xylem Water Flow ◽  
Heat Ratio Method

Sap flow sensors were installed on the leaf petioles of 5-year-old oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to measure the xylem water flow for 12 days based on the heat ratio method (HRM). It was found that young leaves have higher sap flow rates, reaching values of over 250 cm3 h-1, and that sap flow fluctuations are directly related to weather conditions, particularly the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) component. It was observed that the sap flow rates remained constant and very close to 0 cm3 h-1 between 18:00 and 6:00 h and that the upward and downward movement of sap was faster during the day, with peak levels between 9:00 and 16:00 h. Under the evaluation conditions, the oil palm crop transpiration was estimated to be 1.15 mm H2O/ha-day. The HRM is a highly repeatable method and an useful tool to quantify the total oil palm transpiration. It could potentially be applied to irrigation.

scholarly journals The development of unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker on SAD, IAA27 and ACC genes of oil palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
TENGKU IMAM SAPUTRA ◽  
ROBERDI ROBERDI ◽  
YOGO ADHI NUGROHO ◽  
WULAN ARTUTININGSIH ◽  
OLIVIA S. PURBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Snp Discovery ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Genotype Model

Abstract. Saputra TI, Roberdi, Nugroho YA, Artutiningsih W, Purba OS, Maryanto SD, Yono D, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2021. The development of unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker on SAD, IAA27 and ACC genes of oil palm. Biodiversitas 22: 3356-3362. The unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker is a useful tool for detecting of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The objectives of this study were to develop UP-HRM markers to differentiate specific SNPs patterns on oil palm. The marker was developed and tested with Elaeis guineensis (Eg), Elaeis oleifera (Eo), Eo x Eg (hybrid), and was validated with 53 individuals of BC1F1 populations ((Eo x Eg) x Eg). Four UP-HRM markers were developed based on 2 SNPs in the stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein 9-desaturase (EgSAD), 1 SNP in the auxin-responsive protein IAA27-like (EgIAA27), and 1 SNP in the 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EgACC) genes. The SNP discovery result showed that Eg was represented a reference homozygote genotype, while Eo was represented as an alternative homozygote genotype and the Eo x Eg hybrid was represented as a heterozygote genotype in all genes. The typical UP-HRM melt curve graph was successfully generated. This result was consistent with each genotype model for all four markers. The UP-HRM markers can distinguish each genotype according to the single-pass sequencing results. Furthermore, dendrogram analysis on validation divided 53 BC1F1 samples into three cluster groups.

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