scholarly journals Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of flapless alveolar perforations on experimental tooth movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Munoz Pedraza ◽  
Mariana Marquezan ◽  
Lincoln Issamu Nojima ◽  
Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Experimental Tooth Movement

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a flapless surgical technique as an alternative to traditional alveolar corticotomy used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Methods: To induce OTM in Wistar rats, 40 cN of orthodontic force were applied to the maxillary left first molars. Forty rats were distributed into control groups (CG1, CG3, CG7 and CG14) and experimental groups (n= 5), in which alveolar perforations were made using a spear-shaped guide bur (EG1, EG3, EG7, EG14). Euthanasia dates were set at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, respectively, after tooth movement began. The amount of OTM was measured with a caliper, and osteoclasts present in the periodontal ligament of the mesial root of the moved tooth were counted by means of histological evaluation (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, TRAP). Results: Although there was no difference in the amount of OTM within subgroups of corresponding experimental periods (p> 0.05), when EG14 and CG14 were compared, a larger number of osteoclasts was counted in the experimental group (p< 0.00). Conclusion: The authors concluded that flapless cortical alveolar perforations led to more intense osteoclastic activity on the fourteenth day; nevertheless, no evidence of accelerated OTM could be noted.

scholarly journals Compression and hypoxia play independent roles while having combinative effects in the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Le Li ◽  
Jianru Yi ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the isolated and combined effects of compression and hypoxia on the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and Methods:  A periodontal ligament tissue model (PDLtm) was established by 3-D culturing human PDLCs on a thin sheet of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. The PDLtm was treated with hypoxia and/or compression for 6, 24, or 72 hours. After that, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. The conditioned media were used for the coculture of osteoblast and osteoclast (OC) precursors; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was done to examine OC formation. Results:  Either compression or hypoxia alone significantly up-regulated the gene expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the PDLtm and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in the cocultures, and the combination of the two had significantly stronger effects than either stimulation alone. In addition, comparing the two stimulants, we found that the osteoclastogenic property of the PDLCs peaked earlier (at 6 hours) in the compression group than in the hypoxia group (at 24 hours). Conclusions:  Both compressive force and hypoxia may take part in initiating osteoclastogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement and may have combinatory effects, which could update our concepts of the mechanisms involved in the initiation of bone resorption on the pressure side of the tooth in question.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Erliera Sufarnap ◽  
Darmayanti Siregar ◽  
Yumi Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force was initiated by inflammatory process. Studies have shown that vitamin E has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which perhaps could inhibit the tooth to move. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that group 2  resulted a better tooth movement compared to group 1 on day 3, based on the distance measurement. The osteoclast cell numbers were the same within control groups, whilst  the number of osteoblast cells in group 2 was significantly higher than those in group 1.

scholarly journals Behavioral Responses and Expression of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Its Receptor (N/OFQ-NOP System) during Experimental Tooth Movement in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Liao ◽  
Hu Long ◽  
Zhiping Song ◽  
Yuwei He ◽  
Wenli Lai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Orphanin Fq ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Experimental Tooth Movement

Objective. To determine behavioral testing after experimental tooth movement in rats and to explore the role of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and its receptor (the N/OFQ-NOP system) in pain induced by experimental tooth movement. Design. The mouth-wiping behavior of rats was assessed by studying behavioral responses after experimental tooth movement. The distribution of N/OFQ in the periodontal ligament, the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and the caudal one-third of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The variations in N/OFQ expression in the TG and Vc were measured by Western blotting. The ongoing changes in the gene expression of the prepronociceptin gene and opioid receptor-like 1 receptor were assessed in the TG and Vc by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Overall, the mouth-wiping behavior increased significantly. The behavior first increased and then gradually decreased to a low level, showing cyclical variation. N/OFQ immunoreactivity increased in the periodontal ligament after tooth movement. ppN/OFQ mRNA and protein levels showed a time-dependent increase in the TG and were positively correlated with pain stimulus. NOP gene levels showed large fluctuations. In the Vc, the expression and changes in the N/OFQ-NOP system showed the opposite trend as those noted in TG and the periodontal membrane. Conclusion. The N/OFQ system may have a complex regulatory function in the pain induced by tooth movement and may be related to inflammation caused by orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal damage. The specific mechanism remains to be further studied.

scholarly journals Emotional Stress- and Pain-Related Behaviors Evoked by Experimental Tooth Movement

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Yozgatian ◽  
Jorge L. Zeredo ◽  
Hitoshi Hotokezaka ◽  
Yoshiyuki Koga ◽  
Kazuo Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Experimental Tooth Movement

Abstract Objective: To investigate by behavioral methods the relationship between emotional stress and pain during experimental tooth movement in rats. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (210 to 250 g) were divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated with an active Ti-Ni appliance, and the control group received a passive appliance. A force of 20 gf was delivered by the active appliance between the maxillary first and second molars for 3 days. During this period the rat's behavior was evaluated eight times by means of open-field test and resistance-to-capture test. The specific parameters of animal activity were facial grooming, rearing, and locomotor activity, movement into the center of the open field, and response to capture. Results: Parameters related to stress and pain were higher in the group carrying active appliance, compared to the group with a passive appliance. Statistically significant differences in stress-related behavior between control and experimental groups were found 8 hours after placing the appliance and were most evident on the second day. Pain-related behavior was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group at 24 hours. Conclusions: The increase in emotional stress evoked by orthodontic tooth movement may precede the appearance of periodontal pain.

scholarly journals The effect of the extent of surgical insult on orthodontic tooth movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Chang ◽  
Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Eliane H Dutra ◽  
Ravindra Nanda ◽  
Sumit Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to investigate how the extent of surgical insult affects the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the alveolar bone modelling and remodelling in a rodent model. Material and methods 15-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the research and they were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) OTM only (N = 8); (2) OTM + 2 alveolar decortication (AD) (less surgical insult) (N = 8); and (3) OTM + 4 AD (more surgical insult) (N = 8). A nickel-titanium spring delivering 5–8 g of force was used to protract the molar mesially using maxillary incisors as an anchorage. AD was done using a hand piece and a round bur, adjacent to the left first maxillary molar on the palatal alveolar bone. After 14 days of OTM Wistar rats were killed and microfocus computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Results The OTM + 4AD group presented with a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the rate of tooth movement when compared to OTM + 2AD group and OTM only group. In addition, the OTM + 4AD group had a significant decrease in bone volume and tissue density (P &lt; 0.05) and a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the trabecular spacing and trabecular thickness when compared to OTM only. Histological quantification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase indicated a significant percent increase (P &lt; 0.05) in OTM + 4AD group, when compared to OTM + 2AD and OTM only group. Results Increased surgical insult increases the rate of OTM. Additionally, increased surgical insult decreases the bone volume and the tissue density.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats: a prelimary study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Erliera Sufarnap ◽  
Darmayanti Siregar ◽  
Yumi Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force was initiated by inflammatory process. Studies have shown that vitamin E has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which perhaps could inhibit the tooth to move. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: The outcome of this study demonstrated that group 2  resulted a better tooth movement compared to group 1 and significantly found on day 3, based on the distance measurement. The osteoclast cell numbers were the same within both control groups, whilst  the number of osteoblast cells in group 2 was significantly higher than those in group 1.

scholarly journals Effect of Blue-Light-Emitting Diode Exposure on Collagen Density of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8231-8240
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Collagen Density

Photobiomodulation therapy using Light Emitting Diode (LED) with a certain period and intensity can stimulate tissue repair and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. During remodeling, collagen on periodontal ligaments was formed on the pressure and tension sides. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure time and observation day of blue LED on the collagen density of periodontal ligament of the pressure and tension sides of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats aged 3-4 months weighing 300-500 grams were divided into four groups: the control group; the group exposed to LED with λ1000 nm of 490 mW/cm2 for 25, 30, and 35 seconds once a day. In addition, their mandibular inter-incisor was administered with thirty-five grams orthodontic force using an open coil spring. The calculations on the collagen density of pressure and tension sides were carried out on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 using the TinEye application. Statistical analysis test was conducted using two-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. The results showed a more significant increase in the collagen density of the pressure and tension sides than that of the control group (p <0.05). The collagen density of pressure and tension sides reach the highest point at 30 seconds exposure followed by 35 and 25 seconds. The collagen density of pressure sides decreased on the 3rd day and increased afterward, and the tension sides continued to increase on the 3rd day afterward. The study showed that blue light LEDs were able to increase collagen density on the pressure and tension sides, with optimal exposure at 30 seconds, and it reached the highest point at day 14.

scholarly journals Injectable RANKL sustained release formulations to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy H Chang ◽  
Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Michael R Arul ◽  
Eliane H Dutra ◽  
Ravindra Nanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Control Groups

Summary Background Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) through biologically effective methods, such as increasing osteoclast-mediated alveolar resorption, could effectively shorten treatment time. Objective To evaluate an injectable formulation containing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) on the OTM. Materials and methods We fabricated a RANKL formulation from 100 µl of 100 µg/ml RANKL adsorbed on 10 mg of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) microspheres embedded in a 10 wt% aqueous hydroxyethyl cellulose carrier gel. We characterized these formulations for the rate of RANKL release, and then tested for bioactivity using in vitro cell culture. In vivo OTM studies were conducted using 15 week old male Wistar rats for 14 days. We injected the RANKL formulations palatal to the left maxillary first molar and accomplished OTM with a nickel–titanium (NiTi) coil spring applying 5–8 g force. Control groups involved the application of NiTi coil spring with and without placebo formulation. The outcome measure included the distance of tooth movement, bone volume fraction, tissue density, and root volume determined with micro-computed tomography. We determined the amount of osteoclast activity using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Results These formulations were able to sustain the release of RANKL for more than 30 days, and the released RANKL showed a positive effect on mice osteoclast precursor cells (RAW 264.7). Reported injectable RANKL formulations were effective in accelerating OTM compared with other control groups, with 129.2 per cent more tooth movement than no formulation and 71.8 per cent more than placebo formulation, corresponding with a significant increase in the amount of TRAP activity. We did not observe any significant differences in root resorption between the groups. Conclusion Our study shows a significant increase in OTM with injectable formulations containing RANKL.

scholarly journals Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6847
Author(s):  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
Andrea Meyer ◽  
Gerrit Spanier ◽  
Anna Damanaki ◽  
Eva Paddenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

Orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusions leads to the formation of pressure zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a sterile inflammatory reaction, which is mediated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). Leptin levels are elevated in obesity and chronic inflammatory responses. In view of the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into effects on orthodontic treatment are of distinct clinical relevance. A possible influence of leptin on the expression profile of PDLF during simulated orthodontic mechanical strain, however, has not yet been investigated. In this study, PDLF were exposed to mechanical strain with or without different leptin concentrations. The gene and protein expression of proinflammatory and bone-remodelling factors were analysed with RT-qPCR, Western-blot and ELISA. The functional analysis of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis was analysed by TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining in coculture with human macrophages. Pressure-induced increase of proinflammatory factors was additionally elevated with leptin treatment. PDLF significantly increased RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) expression after compression, while osteoprotegerin was downregulated. An additional leptin effect was demonstrated for RANKL as well as for subsequent osteoclastogenesis in coculture after TRAP staining. Our results suggest that increased leptin concentrations, as present in obese patients, may influence orthodontic tooth movement. In particular, the increased expression of proinflammatory factors and RANKL as well as increased osteoclastogenesis can be assumed to accelerate bone resorption and thus the velocity of orthodontic tooth movement in the orthodontic treatment of obese patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of orthodontic tooth movement by 3D micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) following caffeine administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H. Herniyati ◽  
Happy Harmono ◽  
Leliana Sandra Devi ◽  
Sri Hernawati
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Movement ◽  
Movement Distance

Background: The compressive strength of orthodontic tooth movement will be distributed throughout the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, resulting in bone resorption on the pressure side and new bone formation on the tension side. Caffeine, a member of the methyl xanthine family, represents a widely-consumed psychoactive substance that can stimulate osteoclastogenesis through an increase in RANKL. A 3D Micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT) x-ray device can be used to measure orthodontic tooth movement and changes in periodontal ligament width. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine on the distal movement distance of two mandibular incisors using 3D µ-CT. Methods: The research subjects (guinea pigs) were randomly divided into four groups. Of the two control groups created, one received two weeks of treatment and the other three weeks. The members of these two control groups were subjected to orthodontic movement but received no caffeine. Meanwhile, the other two groups were treatment groups whose members also received either two or three weeks of treatment. In these two treatment groups, the subjects were subjected to orthodontic movement and received a 6 mg/500 BM dose of caffeine. The orthodontic movement of the subjects was induced by installing a band matrix and orthodontic bracket on each mandibular incisor to move distally by means of an open coil spring. Observations were then conducted on days 15 and 22 with µ-CT x-rays to measure the distal movement distance of the two mandibular incisors and the width of the periodontal ligament. Results: The administration of caffeine increased the tooth movement on day 15 (p<0.05) and day 22 (p<0.05). The increase in the tooth movement on day 22 was greater than that on day 15 (p<0.05). The width of the periodontal ligament on the pressure side of the treatment groups experienced greater narrowing than that of the control groups (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the width of periodontal ligament on the tension side of the treatment groups widened more than that of the control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: µ-CT x-ray can be used to evaluate the extent of orthodontic movement in addition to the width of the mandibular incisor periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement. Moreover, it has been established that the administering of caffeine can improve orthodontic tooth movement.

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