scholarly journals Milk intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prostate cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Araújo Martini ◽  
Richard James Wood

Milk intake is widely recommended for a healthy diet. Recent evidences suggest that milk/dairy products are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. On the other hand, high calcium intake has been associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. The calcium and vitamin D content in dairy foods could have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and renin/angiotensin system as well regulates body weight. The association between high dairy/calcium consumption and prostate cancer risk are related to the presence of estrogens and insulin like growth factor (IGF-I) in milk. Based on the current evidence, it is possible that milk/dairy products, when consumed in adequate amounts and mainly with reduced fat content, has a beneficial effect on the prevention of hypertension and diabetes. Its potential role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer is not well supported and requires additional study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucsandra Dănciulescu Miulescu ◽  
Suzana Dănoiu ◽  
Denisa Margină ◽  
Sorin Păun ◽  
Cătălina Poiană

AbstractObjectives. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most used and validated marker ofprostate cancer risk. The aim of this study was to assess PSA levels during treatmentwith testosteronum undecanoat in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Material and Methods. We evaluated 38 T2DM patients aged between 48 and 61 years withconfirmed hypogonadism. 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate was injectedintramuscular every 10 to 14 weeks. Total testosterone and PSA levels were assessedat baseline and after 6, 12, 24 months of treatment. Results. The average age was55.03 ± 2.40 years and 3 patients (7.89%) had a family history of prostate cancer.Treatment with testosterone undecanoate generated significant changes in serumtotal testosterone (482.29±50.78 ng/dl vs. 246.66±51.50 ng/dl, p < 0.001) but not inserum PSA levels (2.11±.0.49 ng/ml vs. 2.09±0.47 ng/ml, p - NS). Conclusion.Testosterone replacement therapy may normalize serum androgen levels but appearsto have little effect on PSA levels.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1979-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Waters ◽  
Lynne R. Wilkens ◽  
Kristine R. Monroe ◽  
Daniel O. Stram ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Kincius ◽  
Patasius Ausvydas ◽  
Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
Zabuliene Lina ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment with metformin is associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: Male patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes during the period of 2000 – 2016 were identified in the National Health Insurance Fund database. The prostate cancer cases were identified by pooling these records from the national Cancer Registry. The calculation of prostate cancer stardardized incidence ratios (SIRs) was composed as a ratio of observed number of cancer case in people with diagnosis of diabetes to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population. Results: Overall, 64,000 males diagnosed with diabetes in Lithuania between 2000 and 2016 were included in the final cohort. 2,754 prostate cancers were observed versus 3,111.26 expected within the period of observation entailing an SIR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92). Significantly lower risk of prostate cancer was found in diabetes patients in all age groups, there were no differences in prostate cancer risk by time since diagnosis of diabetes. Significantly lower risk of prostate cancer also was found in both metformin users and never-users’ groups, with higher risk reduction in metformin users (SIR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.68–0.75) than in diabetes patients never-users (SIR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96). Conclusions: In this large population-based study we found a significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among men with diabetes and metformin users. However, the risk of prostate cancer showed no clear trend with diabetes duration and cumulative metformin dose.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiu Lun Au Yeung ◽  
Catherine Mary Schooling

ObjectivesObservational studies suggest glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes are positively associated, and metformin inversely associated with breast and prostate cancer risk. However, observational studies are susceptible to unmeasured confounding while studies of metformin use are also vulnerable to immortal time bias. The use of Mendelian randomization may reduce confounding due to random allocation of relevant genetic markers at birth, and may reduce immortal time bias (for metformin-related variants analysis) since the start of exposure is at birth.Research design and methodsWe identified strong genetic predictors of fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and type 2 diabetes from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium and Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis Consortium (n=140 595 for glucose; n=123 665 for HbA1c; n=898 130 for type 2 diabetes) and of AMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction as a proxy of metformin and applied them to large genome-wide association studies of breast cancer (Breast Cancer Association Consortium; BCAC) and prostate cancer (Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome; PRACTICAL). We used inverse variance weighting to obtain estimates. Sensitivity analyses included use of MR-Egger, weighted median, exclusion of pleiotropic instruments, and validation using UK Biobank (breast cancer only).ResultsThere was no association of fasting glucose (OR 1.03 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.25), HbA1c (OR 1.02 per %, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45), or type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98 per log odds, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.01) with breast cancer in BCAC, with similar findings from UK Biobank. There was no association of fasting glucose (OR 0.93 per mmol/L, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.17), HbA1c (OR 0.90 per %, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.40) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.02 per log odds, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) with prostate cancer in PRACTICAL. No strong evidence was observed for AMPK-instrumented HbA1c reduction on cancer risk.ConclusionGlycemic traits and type 2 diabetes unlikely cause breast and prostate cancer. Whether metformin can be repurposed for cancer prevention remains unclear.


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