scholarly journals Spinal cord injury as a trigger to develop periodic leg movements during sleep: an evolutionary perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Cristina Lerosa Telles ◽  
Rosana S. Cardoso Alves ◽  
Gerson Chadi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Periodic Leg Movements ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Movements

The primary trigger to periodic limb movement (PLM) during sleep is still unknown. Its association with the restless legs syndrome (RLS) is established in humans and was reported in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients classified by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) as A. Its pathogenesis has not been completely unraveled, though recent advances might enhance our knowledge about those malfunctions. PLM association with central pattern generator (CPG) is one of the possible pathologic mechanisms involved. This article reviewed the advances in PLM and RLS genetics, the evolution of CPG functioning, and the neurotransmitters involved in CPG, PLM and RLS. We have proposed that SCI might be a trigger to develop PLM.

Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Figen Yilmaz ◽  
Fusun Sahin ◽  
Semra Aktug ◽  
Banu Kuran ◽  
Adem Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor, sensory, and functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. Forty-one patients with SCI participated in this study. Twenty patients were evaluated after discharge. Each patient was evaluated by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission, before discharge, and at least at 6 months after discharge. Friedman, Dunn, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results. There were 17 male and 3 female patients. Seven patients had complete SCI, and 13 patients had incomplete SCI. The evaluation of motor, sensory, and FIM scores at admission showed significant improvement in all of the patients during the follow-up period (P < 0.0001). Five incompletely injured cases improved with regard to ASIA staging. Motor and FIM scores significantly increased at follow-up for converted and unconverted patients. All parameters increased at follow-up in patients who were complete and incomplete. Motor scores significantly increased at discharge and at follow-up. FIM scores also increased significantly at follow-up in incomplete patients. Conclusion. Motor, sensory, and FIM scores increased in patients with SCI after a follow-up period of 18 months. Improvement to a higher ASIA stage could be accomplished by 25% of the patients. Although both complete and incomplete patients recovered significantly at the follow-up period, only incompletely injured cases could convert to a higher ASIA stage.

Failure of Mean Arterial Pressure Goals to Improve Outcomes Following Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Readdy ◽  
Rajiv Saigal ◽  
William D. Whetstone ◽  
Anthony N. Mefford ◽  
Adam R. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract BACKGROUND: Increased spinal cord perfusion and blood pressure goals have been recommended for spinal cord injury (SCI). Penetrating SCI is associated with poor prognosis, but there is a paucity of literature examining the role of vasopressor administration for the maintenance of mean arterial pressure (MAP) goals in this patient population. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate this topic and to determine the efficacy of vasopressor administration in penetrating SCI by examining a case series of consecutive penetrating SCIs. METHODS: We reviewed consecutive patients with complete penetrating SCI who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, including the administration of vasopressors to maintain MAP goals. We identified 14 patients with complete penetrating SCIs with an admission American Spinal Injury Association grade of A from 2005 to 2011. The neurological recovery, complications, interventions, and vasopressor administration strategies were reviewed and compared with those of a cohort with complete blunt SCI. RESULTS: In our patient population, only 1 patient with penetrating SCI (7.1%) experienced neurological recovery, as determined by improvement in the American Spinal Injury Association grade, despite the administration of vasopressors for supraphysiological MAP goals for an average of 101.07 ± 34.96 hours. Furthermore, 71.43% of patients with penetrating SCI treated with vasopressors experienced associated cardiogenic complications. CONCLUSION: Given the decreased likelihood of neurological improvement in penetrating injuries, it may be important to re-examine intervention strategies in this population. Specifically, the use of vasopressors, in particular dopamine, with their associated complications is more likely to cause complications than to result in neurological improvement. Our experience shows that patients with acute penetrating SCI are unlikely to recover, despite aggressive cardiopulmonary management.

Periodic leg movements in spinal cord injury: evaluation of arousals and treatment effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e255
Author(s):  
A. Salminen ◽  
M. Manconi ◽  
V. Rimpilä ◽  
T. Luoto ◽  
R. Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Periodic Leg Movements ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Movements

Sleep apnea and periodic leg movements in the first year after spinal cord injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Proserpio ◽  
Andrea Lanza ◽  
Katrina Sambusida ◽  
Lara Fratticci ◽  
Pamela Frigerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Periodic Leg Movements ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Movements

scholarly journals International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries (ASIA/ISNCSCI scale, revised 2015) 67

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei V Vissarionov ◽  
Alexei G Baindurashvili ◽  
Irina A Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
International Standards ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Important Challenge

Standardization of neurological examination and diagnosis in the case of spinal injury is currently an important challenge in neurotraumatology. At present, most organizations, worldwide, that are involved with spinal injuries, apply the International Standards for Neurological Classifications of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), drafted by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and approved in 1992. The ASIA/ISNCSCI scale is a quantitative system for estimation of the neurological status of spinal cord injury patients. The ASIA/ISNCSCI scale has been repeatedly updated and revised since 1992. The 2015 version of the ISNCSCI on the American Spinal Injury Association website is demonstrated in this study, and the form and testing instruction are translated into Russian.

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