scholarly journals Biological aspects of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberry plants under silicon application

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Edenilson B Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Aparecida Castellani ◽  
Daniel Júnior de Andrade ◽  
Renato de M Prado ◽  
Larissa Adelita SC Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Net Reproduction

ABSTRACT Silicon is an inducer of plant resistance to arthropod pests, being a promising strategy for integrated management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on biological, reproductive and population aspects of parental and F1 generations of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberry plants. Potassium silicate, nanosilica and water were applied to the plants. Two-spotted spider mite females were confined to strawberry leaf disks for oviposition and, after hatching, larvae were observed until the emergence of adults. Once adults had been obtained, couples were formed in order to evaluate pre-oviposition, oviposition, longevity and fertility, with an estimated net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and the necessary time for doubling the generation. Silicon prolonged the duration of some immature stages of the mites in parental and F1 generations, did not affect the duration of the whole biological cycle, though. The periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and longevity of the parental generation and the longevity and oviposition of F1 generation of the two-spotted spider mite were negatively affected by potassium silicate and nanosilica. The population parameters of the parental generation of the mites indicated that nanosilica is able to lead to a long-run decrease of this pest population.

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 > 100 > 60 > 40 > 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

scholarly journals Biology and life tables of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Oktaviani ◽  
N Maryana ◽  
Pudjianto
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Abstract Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an endoparasitoid on eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). S. frugiperda. The information of T. remus as a natural enemy of S. frugiperda is very limited. The research objective is to determine some biological aspects of T. remus, i.e. longevity, fecundity, and life table variables. The demographic statistics using the jackknife method. T. remus is collected from the field identified as T. remus. The immature stage of T. remus reached 8.13 days, the longevity of the male was 10.07 days, while a female was 10.29 days with a fecundity of 75 eggs, and a sex ratio of male and female was 1:2.16. T. remus life table, i.e. gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 74.67 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (R0) was 45260.60 females/females/generation, with generation period (T) was 8.62 days, and intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 1.24 females/female/day. The success parasitization of T. remus reaches 91%.

Development and Fitness of the Parasitoid, Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), on the B and Q of the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2597-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan He ◽  
Yicong Liu ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
Qingjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Encarsia formosa Gahan is an important endoparasitoid of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In the present study, we compared the fitness and population parameters of E. formosa when parasitizing the two most invasive and destructive whitefly species in China, the B and Q of B. tabaci. We also studied whether natal host influenced on parasitism and host-feeding capacities of E. formosa on B. tabaci B versus Q. Age–stage life table analysis indicated that E. formosa developmental duration was shorter, fecundity was higher, and longevity was greater on B. tabaci B than on Q. The life table parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R0), and the mean generation time (T), indicated that the fitness of E. formosa on B. tabaci B is higher than B. tabaci Q. We also found that the host species used to rear E. formosa affected the parasitoid’s subsequent parasitism and host feeding on B. tabaci B and Q. When E. formosa were reared on B. tabaci B, its subsequent parasitism rate on third-instar nymphs was significantly higher on B. tabaci B than on Q. These results will be useful for managing the biological control of B. tabaci in the field.

scholarly journals Resistance of New Strawberry Genotypes to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Fernanda De Cássia Neves Esteca ◽  
Camila Do Nascimento Dainese ◽  
Luis Rodolfo Rodrigues ◽  
André Luiz Lourenção ◽  
Francisco Antonio Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the main strawberry pests in Brazil and many other countries. The objective of this study was to compare the resistance of eight strawberry genotypes (‘Albion’, ‘IAC Guarani’, ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, ‘Oso Grande’, IAC T-0104, IAC 12, IAC 4 and IAC 1.13) to the two-spotted spider mite, by assessing injury level, biological parameters and host preference of the mite. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, leaf trichomes of each genotype were quantified. Thirty days after the artificial infestation of the genotypes with the mite, IAC T-0104, IAC 12 and ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’ showed the lowest injury levels. ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, IAC 4 and IAC T-0104 were distinguished from other genotypes by the highest mean generation time (T) of the mite, while ‘IAC Guarani’ was distinguished by the lowest T value. Significantly lower values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were determined on ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’ and IAC 1.13. The mite showed preference for ‘IAC Guarani’, as inferred by the larger number of females when offered the chance to select the detached host leaflets. Trichome density was highest on IAC 1.13 and lowest on IAC T-0104, IAC 12, ‘Albion’ and ‘Oso Grande’. The results suggested that ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, IAC T-0104 and IAC 12 are resistant, IAC 4 and IAC 1.13 are moderately resistant, and ‘IAC Guarani’, ‘Oso Grande’ and ‘Albion’ are susceptible to the mite.

scholarly journals Biology and life table of Trichogramma chilotraeae, Egg parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
L Sari ◽  
N Maryana ◽  
P Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is a species of armyworm that attacks maize crops globally and is a dangerous new invasive pest in Indonesia. Biological control, which employs natural enemies, is one method of controlling this pest. One of the natural enemies found in the field is the egg parasitoid of the Trichogrammatidae family. This study aimed to determine the reproductive capacity of the parasitoid on S. frugiperda eggs. The tested parasitoids were collected from S. frugiperda eggs on corn cultivations in Tenjolaya Village, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The identification results showed that the parasitoid species used in this study was Trichogramma chilotraeae. The development periods of eggs, first instar larvae, second instar larvae, and pupae in the laboratory were 1.16 days, 1.18 days, 1.39 days, and 3.28 days, respectively. The reproductive capacity of T. chilotraeae on S. frugiperda eggs, referred to as the net reproduction rate (Ro), was 28.13, gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 30.43. the average time for one generation (T) was 9.07. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 5.54, and Doubling time (DT) was 1.88. Thus, the egg parasitoid of T. chilotraeae was not very effective as a potential biological agent for S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals Demography of Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Reared on Four Cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (Rosales: Rosaceae) and P. communis Pears With Estimations of Confidence Intervals of Specific Life Table Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Wei ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Yongfu Guo ◽  
Xianwei Li ◽  
Longlong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract The psyllid Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a serious pest of pears in China. To determine and contrast the fitness of the psyllid on two endemic cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (i.e., BHXS and BSL) and two introduced cultivars of Pyrus communis (i.e., CB and CRB), we analyzed data on the development, survival, and fecundity from C. chinensis individuals reared on the four cultivars. The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used in order to enable the inclusion of males in the analysis as well as a means of identifying the variation in developmental durations among individuals. Results indicated that C. chinensis can successfully develop and reproduce on all four pear cultivars. However, based on the lower preadult survival rate, longer preadult duration, longer total preoviposition period (TPOP), and lower fecundity that occurred on both cultivars of P. communis, these two cultivars are less favorable hosts for C. chinensis than the P. bretschneideri cultivars. The lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) on CB and CRB pears showed these two introduced cultivars are more resistant to C. chinensis than the endemic BHXS and BSL pears. These resistant cultivars would be appropriate candidates for managing C. chinensis. We used the bootstrap technique to estimate the uncertainty of the population parameters (r, λ, R0, etc.), while also demonstrating that it can be used for estimating the 0.025 and 0.975 percentile confidence intervals of the age of survival rate.

scholarly journals Life-History Traits and Population Relative Fitness of Trichlorphon-Resistant and -SusceptibleBactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yu-ping ◽  
Lu Yong-yue ◽  
Zeng Ling ◽  
Liang Guang-wen
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Life tables were established for trichlorphon-resistant and susceptibleBactrocera dorsalisstrains based on the laboratory observations. Trichlorphon-resistantB. dorsalisstrain had longer pupal and preoviposition periods, and mean generation time compared to the trichlorphon susceptible strain. Lower fecundity, emergence rate, and probability of standard fecundityPF, and shorter female and male longevity also were apparent in the trichlorphon resistant strain. Based on the life tables, the life population trend index (I) of the resistant strain was 86.80, while that of the susceptible strain was 116.97. The net reproduction rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of the resistant strain were 1565.33 and 0.0164, while those of susceptible strain were 2184.00 and 0.0173, respectively. The results from this research revealed that the resistant strain was at a reproductive and developmental disadvantage relative to the susceptible strain.

scholarly journals BIOLOGI DAN DEMOGRAFI TUNGAU MERAH Tetranychus spp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet M.E. Mamahit
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
To Come

ABSTRACT   Red spider mite Tetranychus spp. are pest on several ornament and food plant. The objectives of this research were to study biology and demography Tetranychus spp. on soybean in condition laboratory. A piece of soybean leaf measures 3 cm2 at place above cotton in petridis. Above the leaf were put a pair red spider mite to watch the biology of mite.  The research of demography of red spider mite was done observation in one hundred egg that used to come from age class same (cohort). The observation was done every day until the egg become to adult. The result showed that the mean of fecundity of red spider mite were 54.16 egg. The total life time of female 13.28 day and sex ratio 1:1.5. The intrinsic rate of increase the population were 0.253 individual per day, the discrete daily growth rate were, 1.28 individual/day, the net reproduction rate were 25.515 individual/female/generation. The generation time were 13.567 days. The stable population of Tetranychus spp. in laboratory were 67.2% egg, 24.6 nymph and 8.2% adult. The intrinsic birth and death rate were 0.3 and 0.05 individual/female/day. Key words: Tetranychus spp., Demography, Soybean

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on a Chinese population of Amblyseius andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with Tetranychus urticae

Acarologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483
Author(s):  
Yu-Jing Li ◽  
Qing-Yan Liu ◽  
Jing Chang ◽  
Yong-Hong Jia ◽  
Rui-Xia Meng
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Amblyseius Andersoni ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Net Reproduction

The development and fecundity of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) fed with Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied at five different temperatures (17, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and life parameters of the population were calculated. The development, reproduction, longevity, and life table parameters of A. andersoni were significantly affected by the different temperatures. The duration of the egg, larval, protonymph, deutonymph and total immature stages were reduced when the temperature increased. The total oviposition of A. andersoni was highest at 25 °C and lowest at 35 °C, and the daily average oviposition increased as the temperature increased, but few eggs were laid at 17 °C. The values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm, 0.108--0.200), net reproduction rate (R0, 18.71--36.47) and the mean generation time (T, 14.68--29.73) significantly differed among the five temperatures. The highest net reproduction rate (R0 = 36.47) was obtained at 25 °C. The results of this study indicated that A. andersoni has a high inherent potential for the control of the T. urticae at certain temperatures.

The effects of bifenazate on life history traits and population growth of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-623
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Havasi ◽  
Ayad Alsendi ◽  
Nniloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Reza Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Combined tactics of pest management have special significance not only for a reduction in pesticide residues but also to maintain the natural enemy activity, which is an objective of IPM programs. Here, we investigated the effect of low-lethal concentrations of bifenazate at LC10, LC20, and LC30 on development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Lethal and sub-lethal concentrations were estimated using leaf dip bioassay method. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Toxicological assays showed bifenazate treatments gradually decreased the longevity and total life span of both sexes. Our results indicated that reproductive and total fecundity of the next generation were also affected by sublethal concentrations. All concentrations caused a significant decline in oviposition days, compared to the control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) varied from 0.1344 to 0.1151 day-1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC30 treatments, respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by the acaricide concentration (lowest at LC30 concentration: 1.1221 day-1). Bifenazate concentration (LC10, LC20 and LC30) treatments gradually reduced the gross reproduction rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0). Based on obtained results from current study, bifenazate is not a favorable acaricide with A. swiriskii and cannot be recommended to use with this predatory mite in integrated management.

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