scholarly journals COMPOSITION, HOT-WATER SOLUBILITY OF ELEMENTS AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FRUITS AND

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julierme Zimmer Barbosa ◽  
Leandro Moraes Zambon ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Ivar Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Yerba mate leaves are the most studied and used parts of the tree, while fruits have been little investigated as to their elemental composition. The objective of this study was to characterize the composition, the hot-water solubility of the elements and the nutritional value of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill) fruits and leaves. Both fruits and leaves were collected from four yerba mate provenances (cities of Cascavel, Quedas do Iguaçu and Ivaí in Paraná state and Barão de Cotegipe in Rio Grande do Sul state) 17 years of age, grown in the city of Pinhais, Paraná state, Brazil. The total and hot water-soluble contents of 22 and 20 elements, respectively, were determined. The elemental composition of the fruits presented the following decreasing order: C, K, N, Mg, Ca, P, Al, Na, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ba, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, Cr, As, Co, Ag, V and Cd. For the leaves the decreasing order was: C, N, K, Ca, Mg, P, Al, Mn, Na, Fe, Zn, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Mo, As, Co, Ag, V and Cd. It was found than 2 to 8 elements in the fruit presented greater water solubility than in the leaves. In case of consumption via infusion of the fruits or leaves, there would be nutritive value for K, Mg, P, Mn, Cr, Mo, Cu and Zn, while consumption of capsules would have nutritive value only for Mn via the leaves. In general, the fruits have more distinct elemental composition, hot-water solubility and nutritional value than yerba mate leaves.

Stability of beverages of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) with soy

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Nara Tobaldini Frizon ◽  
Camila Augusto Perussello ◽  
José Alfredo Sturion ◽  
Aline Francielle Fracasso ◽  
Rosemary Hoffmann-Ribani
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Constant Viscosity

Purpose – Forasmuch as the consumer’s demand for food products that provide nutrition and health benefits has considerably increased in the past decade, the authors decided to join two important Brazilian commodities in a high-nutrition drink: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in several bioactive compounds, and soybean is a high-quality protein source. To optimize the design and maximize the acceptability of the beverage, the authors studied its stability during storage. The beverage developed allows enlarging of the potential market of yerba mate, taking profit of the growing call for the consumption of antioxidant foods and benefits small-scale producers. Design/methodology/approach – Twelve beverages were formulated with extract of yerba mate from leaves of planted (P) and native trees (N), both enriched with water-soluble soy extract (WSE). Among all formulations, two of them, which were sensorially preferred in a previous study, were selected to investigate their market potential. During the six months of storage, microbiological analyses were performed and the parameters acidity, viscosity, pH and rutin content were assessed. Sensorial tests of acceptability and purchase intent were also conducted. Findings – The drinks remained microbiologically adequate for consumption during six months of storage. High sensory acceptability and purchase intent scores were obtained for Beverage P. This drink resulted in smoother taste and presented a decrease in acidity and constant viscosity during the storage, while Beverage N had an increase in acidity and viscosity. The rutin loss at 120 days was 14.2 per cent for Drink P and 32.4 per cent for N, with a half-life of 423.6 and 185.3 days, respectively. Originality/value – Given the quantified parameters, the beverage produced from leaves of planted trees (P) may be used as a novel high nutrition food suitable for the growing requirements of the yerba mate by-products market.

scholarly journals SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF YERBA MATE LEAVES

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vaccari Toppel ◽  
Agenor Maccari Junior ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Cleiton Frigo ◽  
Ederlan Magri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) is a raw material used in making a beverage whose chemical composition can be altered by the growing environment and the management adopted during its cultivation. Thus, it is essential that scientific studies are undertaken to understand the chemical composition of yerba mate related to its growing environment. The aim of this work was to determine the elemental composition in the leaves of yerba mate from native cultivations that had never received fertilization and liming, from the Southern Region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Soil and leaf samples were collected at 11 sites located in the municipalities of São Mateus do Sul, Mallet, São João do Triunfo, and Lapa. Leaf analyzes were performed in an Optical Emission Spectrometer with Inductively Coupled Plasma. The mean concentrations observed (mg kg-1), in decreasing order, were: Ca – 7880; K – 7310; Mn – 2418; - Mg – 820; P – 720; Al – 474; Fe – 231; B – 78; Zn – 62; Ba - 62; Cu – 8.9; Ni – 5.6; Cr – 0.82; V – 0.53; Co – 0.17. The Mn concentrations were directly correlated with Al3+ saturation and inversely correlated with base saturation, pH, and the available Ca2+, demonstrating that changes among these soil components can significantly modify the Mn concentrations in the yerba mate leaves. The high concentrations of Mn and Al in the leaves of yerba mate demonstrate the adaptation of this species to acidic soils with high saturation of Al3+.

Nutritional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. VI. Association of growth promotion, protein digestibility, and hot-water-soluble protein content, and effect of amino acid supplementation

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Sathe ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation

Despite considerable variation in digestibility (from 68 to 83%) and in the hot-water solubility (from 14 to 27%), of the protein of meat meals, these parameters were not significantly correlated with chick growth on diets based on wheat, skim milk, and the meat meals. Although growth rates on both high and low quality meals were increased by addition of arginine, lysine, methionine, and tryptophan, with the major part of the response due to lysine, methionine, or both, differences in growth rates on high and low quality meals were not eliminated. However, with high levels of the amino acids and additional minerals, vitamins, and antibiotic, growth rates on some low quality meals were similar to those on the supplemented high quality meat meals. It is concluded that differences in the available essential amino acid content of the meat meals were the main cause of variation in growth-promoting ability, but that when amino acid deficiency was corrected a second limiting factor could be one or more of vitamins, minerals, and antibiotic.

Yerba Mate

2017 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Roberto Buffo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant original from the subtropical regions of South America, present in Southern Brazil, Northeastern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is primarily consumed as a beverage made by steeping the leaves of the plant in hot water. The growing interest in mate products has made it paramount that research on this herbal tea continues, as it has shown extraordinary possibilities not only as a consumer beverage but also in the nutraceutical industry. Yet, there is much to be done: human-based studies to support the properties verified in vitro and in vivo models with animas are scarce.

scholarly journals Effect of the Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) brewing method on the content of selected elements and antioxidant potential of infusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janda ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Łukomska ◽  
Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka ◽  
Ewa Rębacz-Maron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Brewing Method ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractYerba mate is a source of biologically active substances. The aim was to determine whether the place of origin of Yerba and the brewing method have any influence on the levels of Ca, Mg and Fe and antioxidant activity of infusions. Samples were steeped in cold water (25°C) and hot water (three consecutive infusions with 85°C water). Infusions had a high antioxidant activity and high Mg level. The levels of elements and the antioxidant activity were influenced by the brewing method. There were no significant differences in the examined parameters depending on the country of origin. The results on the levels of elements and the antioxidant activity indicate that the most efficient brewing method was infusion in hot water. The highest levels of elements were found in first infusions, with the highest antioxidant activity in the third infusions.

scholarly journals Elemental composition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under low input systems of southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 139637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Julierme Zimmer Barbosa ◽  
Ederlan Magri ◽  
Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira ◽  
Delmar Santin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Low Input

BODIPY Fluorophores for Membrane Potential Imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Franke ◽  
Benjamin Raliski ◽  
Steven Boggess ◽  
Divya Natesan ◽  
Evan Koretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Direct Modification ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Meso Position ◽  
Ionizable Groups ◽  
Boron Center

Fluorophores based on the BODIPY scaffold are prized for their tunable excitation and emission profiles, mild syntheses, and biological compatibility. Improving the water-solubility of BODIPY dyes remains an outstanding challenge. The development of water-soluble BODIPY dyes usually involves direct modification of the BODIPY fluorophore core with ionizable groups or substitution at the boron center. While these strategies are effective for the generation of water-soluble fluorophores, they are challenging to implement when developing BODIPY-based indicators: direct modification of BODIPY core can disrupt the electronics of the dye, complicating the design of functional indicators; and substitution at the boron center often renders the resultant BODIPY incompatible with the chemical transformations required to generate fluorescent sensors. In this study, we show that BODIPYs bearing a sulfonated aromatic group at the meso position provide a general solution for water-soluble BODIPYs. We outline the route to a suite of 5 new sulfonated BODIPYs with 2,6-disubstitution patterns spanning a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing propensities. To highlight the utility of these new, sulfonated BODIPYs, we further functionalize them to access 13 new, BODIPY-based voltage-sensitive fluorophores. The most sensitive of these BODIPY VF dyes displays a 48% ΔF/F per 100 mV in mammalian cells. Two additional BODIPY VFs show good voltage sensitivity (≥24% ΔF/F) and excellent brightness in cells. These compounds can report on action potential dynamics in both mammalian neurons and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Accessing a range of substituents in the context of a water soluble BODIPY fluorophore provides opportunities to tune the electronic properties of water-soluble BODIPY dyes for functional indicators.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericidal Activity of a 4-Ammoniumbuthylstyrene-Based Random Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Silvana Alfei ◽  
Gabriella Piatti ◽  
Debora Caviglia ◽  
Anna Maria Schito
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Severe Infections

The growing resistance of bacteria to current chemotherapy is a global concern that urgently requires new and effective antimicrobial agents, aimed at curing untreatable infection, reducing unacceptable healthcare costs and human mortality. Cationic polymers, that mimic antimicrobial cationic peptides, represent promising broad-spectrum agents, being less susceptible to develop resistance than low molecular weight antibiotics. We, thus, designed, and herein report, the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a water-soluble cationic copolymer (P5), obtained by copolymerizing the laboratory-made monomer 4-ammoniumbuthylstyrene hydrochloride with di-methyl-acrylamide as uncharged diluent. The antibacterial activity of P5 was assessed against several multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Except for strains characterized by modifications of the membrane charge, most of the tested isolates were sensible to the new molecule. P5 showed remarkable antibacterial activity against several isolates of genera Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, displaying a minimum MIC value of 3.15 µM. In time-killing and turbidimetric studies, P5 displayed a rapid non-lytic bactericidal activity. Due to its water-solubility and wide bactericidal spectrum, P5 could represent a promising novel agent capable of overcoming severe infections sustained by bacteria resistant the presently available antibiotics.

Vegetative propagation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of yerba mate genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Renata de Almeida Maggioni ◽  
Jéssica de Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Retention ◽  
Correlated Components

Abstract Ilex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a tree species native to South America. Its commercial value is due to the manufacturing of teas, with potential also in the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Vegetative propagation of yerba mate is considered an innovation to the traditional production systems based on sexual propagation. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhizogenic potential and chemical attributes of mini-cuttings from 15 yerba mate genotypes, as well as to verify the correlation between phytochemical and rooting-related variables. Mini-cuttings were collected from a pre-existing mini-clonal hedge and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 15 treatments (genotypes), four replications and 10 mini-cuttings per plot. After 120 days, mini-cuttings were assessed regarding rooting, mortality, callogenesis and leaf retention percentages, percentage of mini-cuttings with both calluses and roots, number of roots and average root length. At the time of collection, subsamples from each plot were used for phytochemical analyses including total phenolic compounds, protein, caffeine and theobromine contents and antioxidant activity. Rooting percentages ranged from 5 to 72.5%, with significant variation among genotypes. Adventitious rooting and phytochemical profile of yerba mate mini-cuttings are genotype-dependent. Leaf retention is a relevant factor in the rooting of yerba mate mini-cuttings and the levels of total phenolic compounds, antioxidants and theobromine present in mini-cuttings are negatively correlated components to Ilex paraguariensis adventitious rooting.

scholarly journals PERSISTÊNCIA NO SOLO DE INÓCULO DE Beauveria bassiana EMPREGADO PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus EM PLANTIO DE Ilex paraguariensis

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Rolim Borges ◽  
Sônia Maria Noemberg Lazzari ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
Lívia Cardoso Bueno de Camargo ◽  
Lílian Mattos Kalinoski
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Wood Borer

O controle da broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus, limita-se ao emprego de práticas silviculturais e catação manual dos insetos adultos, não sendo permitido o uso de inseticidas químicos na cultura. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos verificar a presença natural de Beauveria bassiana no solo de plantio em monocultura de erva-mate, determinar a persistência de B. bassiana no solo após duas e três aplicações do fungo e averiguar a influência de fatores abióticos na estabilidade do fungo no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em um erval no município de Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brasil, onde foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas áreas, para avaliação da presença natural de inóculos do fungo B. bassiana, procedendo-se à contagem, isolamento e identificação.Não foi detectada a ocorrência natural do fungo no solo em nenhuma das duas áreas. Após essa confirmação, foram realizadas pulverizações com B. bassiana em ambas as áreas, sendo que em uma ocorreram duas e na outra três aplicações. Após a última pulverização, realizada em fevereiro/2006, verificou-se que os inóculos do fungo persistiram por 90 dias na área com duas aplicações e 120 dias na área com três aplicações. A temperatura afetou a persistência do fungo no solo em ambas as áreas, mas a umidade relativa não mostrou influência sobre os inóculos em campo.Palavras-chave: Broca-da-erva-mate; controle biológico; epizootia; fungo entomopatogênico. AbstractPersistence in soil of inoculum of Beauveria bassiana used to control Hedypathes betulinus in yerba maté plantation, Ilex paraguariensis. Control measures of Hedypathes betulinus are restricted to agricultural practices and hand picking of adult insects. No chemical control is allowed in yerba maté cultivation areas. The objectives of this research were to verify the natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the soil of yerba maté in monoculture; to determine the persistence of inoculums in the soil after applications of the fungus; and to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on fungus stability in the soil. The soil samples were taken from two experimental areas in a yerba maté plantation in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The samples were analyzed in order to count, isolate and identify inoculums of B. bassiana and other fungi. After the confirmation that B. bassiana was not present in the soil, a suspension of the fungus was applied, twice in one of the areas and three times in the other. After the last application in February/2006, the inoculum persisted for 90 and 120 days, in the area with two and three applications, respectively. The temperature affected the persistence of B. bassiana in soil; however, the relative humidity did not.Keywords: Biological control; epizooty; entomopathogenic fungus; wood borer. 

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