scholarly journals Age and oral health: current considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tawse-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Scenario

Dental plaque is still considered the main etiological factor for periodontal diseases. Our understanding of periodontal disease has advanced from the previous concepts where gingivitis slowly progressed to periodontitis to a more complex scenario that correlates several risk factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Among these factors, age has been associated with increased rates of periodontal disease as the population gets older. Although the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment is common in the elderly population, and there is evident age-related changes in the periodontium, severe periodontitis is not a natural consequence of ageing. The importance of identifying the risk factors that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease at an early phase, both of the individual and the disease, as well as evaluating the capacity of the individual to control dental plaque will enable the implementation of an adequate preventive program, where the needs and limitations of the individual are considered to specifically tailor the oral hygiene procedures and the mouthwashes to be used.

A STUDY ON ASSOCIATION 0F TOOTH LOSS & PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DIABETES FROM BIHAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Manish ◽  
Nikita Raman ◽  
Abhishek Gautam ◽  
Samir Jain ◽  
Prakash Chandra Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tissue Attachment

Diabetes is one of the common diseases of modern times and one of the most common systemic disorder that is connected to periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are bacterially induced chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The lesion begins as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gingival tissues only, and may progress to periodontitis, where destruction of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone can eventually lead to tooth loss. Hence based on above reported findings the present study was planned for study of prevalence of tooth Loss in Patients Suffering from Diabetes from Bihar Region. The present study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar. Total 100 cases were enrolled in the present study. In the enrolled patients 50 cases were Diabetic and 50 were non-diabetic cases. The data generated from the present study concludes that periodontal disease increases in diabetes group than in control group. Thus, a diabetic patient should always see that he/she maintains his/her oral hygiene by following proper tooth brushing habits. Diabetics should take care to see that they get their teeth restored as early as possible, if decayed. They should follow the instructions given by the physician or the dietician for the intake of non-cariogenic diet. The prevention of periodontal breakdown in diabetic patients is mostly based on the education of the individual. Thus, patients should be informed about the importance of oral health for diabetics, and they should be taught that the main symptom of periodontal disease is gingival bleeding. Keywords: Tooth Loss, Diabetes, periodontal disease, bihar, etc

scholarly journals Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi ◽  
Margaret Hubbell ◽  
Pooja Jairam ◽  
Balamurali Ambati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Rho Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD’s progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.

Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease in Medically Compromised Patients and Its Relation with Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 1558-1560
Author(s):  
Gowri Swaminatham Pendyala ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Sourabh Ramesh Joshi ◽  
Sonia Godara ◽  
Shridhar Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Compromised Patients

Periodontal diseases can have systemic effects on our body. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension etc., have a history of being associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal disease could indicate the severity of Covid-19. There has been no previous reporting of oral health status in Covid-19 patients. The knowledge of association of periodontal disease with severe Covid-19 could be an important contribution to slowing down the rate and spread of infection. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease which involves gingiva and the supporting tissues like cementum, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. It has affected nearly about 10 - 12 % of the total population in the world. Periodontal disease is more prevalent in medically compromised patients with diseases like asthma, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. The other risk factors for the occurrence of periodontal disease are tobacco smoking, ageing, poor oral hygiene, obesity etc.1 Coronavirus (CoV) belongs to Coronaviridae family which are RNA viruses. Their size varies from 60 - 140 nanometre with spike-like projections on its surface. This strain of viruses is considered to be zoonotic in nature and cause respiratory illness in humans.1 This viral disease has affected lakhs of people in United States and had resulted in a high mortality rate. It was declared a pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March 2020. Comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, ageing, obesity and gender pose a greater risk for Covid-19. We wanted to evaluate as to whether periodontal disease along with comorbid conditions share a contributing risk factor for developing Covid-19.

Geriatric Trauma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Burruss ◽  
Lillian Min ◽  
Areti Tillou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Trauma ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Trauma Population ◽  
Downward Spiral ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

The geriatric trauma population continues to grow as life expectancy and unintentional injury increase. Age-related physiologic changes and complex comorbidities may not only lead to injury but also may precipitate a downward spiral. The injury patterns, presentation of life-threatening injury, and response to injury are unique in the elderly trauma population, and dedicated evaluation of elderly trauma patients at a trauma center may be beneficial. Aggressive, early intervention with a focus on geriatric-specific needs and care coordination are an integral part of the management to reduce morbidity and mortality. Much of the unintentional injuries may be preventable with identification of risk factors for falls and fall prevention programs. Frailty measurements may be used to predict morbidity and functional status. Surgeons must become familiar with geriatric-specific issues and how best to treat the geriatric trauma population.  This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 133 references. Key Words: care coordination, elderly, frailty, geriatric, injury, prevention, risk factors, trauma, triage

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Connell ◽  
Pearse A. Keane ◽  
Evelyn C. O'Neill ◽  
Rasha W. Altaie ◽  
Edward Loane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Although beneficial therapeutic strategies have recently begun to emerge, much remains unclear regarding the etiopathogenesis of this disorder. Epidemiologic studies have enhanced our understanding of ARM, but the data, often conflicting, has led to difficulties with drawing firm conclusions with respect to risk for this condition. As a consequence, we saw a need to assimilate the published findings with respect to risk factors for ARM, through a review of the literature appraising results from published cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies, case series, and case control studies investigating risk for this condition. Our review shows that, to date, and across a spectrum of epidemiologic study designs, only age, cigarette smoking, and family history of ARM have been consistently demonstrated to represent risk for this condition. In addition, genetic studies have recently implicated many genes in the pathogenesis of age-related maculopathy, including Complement Factor H, PLEKHA 1, and LOC387715/HTRA1, demonstrating that environmental and genetic factors are important for the development of ARM suggesting that gene-environment interaction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this condition.

The Evaluation of Chinese Herbal Medicine Effectiveness on Periodontal Pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Chan ◽  
Chern-Hsiung Lai ◽  
Hui-Wen Yang ◽  
Yuh-Yie Lin ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicines in treating periodontal diseases. Three Chinese herbal composites [Conth Su (CS), Chi Tong Ning (CTN) and Xi Gua Shuang (XGS)], widely used for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases, and the major components of these composites were tested for their ability to: (1) alleviate disease progression of experimental periodontitis in hamsters, (2) inhibit bacterial growth, and (3) induce mutations. Our results indicate that in treating experimental periodontitis, there were no significant differences between the animal groups with or without the use of Chinese herbal medicines in terms of the degree of inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and rate of repair. However, hamsters treated with CS presented earlier regenerative epithelium. CTN demonstrated superior bacterial inhibition ability among all tested herbs (MIC 0.025 g/ml); CS showed good anti-bacterial abilities at a concentration of 0.05 g/ml. It is interesting to note that while both CS and CTN were capable of inhibiting bacterial growth, none of the individual herb components showed comparable bacterial inhibition abilities. None of the tested herbal composites or their components showed signs of inducing cell mutations using the Ames test. These results indicated that traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which have been used to treat periodontal diseases for hundreds of years by Chinese people, can effectively inhibit bacterial growth without causing cell mutation. Further investigation into their possible clinical applications in periodontal therapy is encouraged.

The Interleukin-1 Polymorphism, Smoking, and the Risk of Periodontal Disease in the Population-based SHIP Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Meisel ◽  
A. Siegemund ◽  
R. Grimm ◽  
F.H. Herrmann ◽  
U. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Increased Risk

Several studies have shown a role for interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms in the risk assessment for periodontal diseases. In the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), 3148 subjects were randomly selected from the population and assessed for a broad range of diseases and environmental/behavioral risk factors. From the complete study group in the age 40 to 60 years, N = 1085 subjects were genotyped for the interleukin-1 genotype composite polymorphism in relation to periodontal parameters. The study objective was to elucidate the gene-environment interaction between the risk factors smoking and IL-1 polymorphism. An increased risk of periodontal disease was found for IL-1 genotype-positive smokers: odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, education, and plaque OR = 2.50 (95% C.I. 1.21 to 5.13; p = 0.013). This was not the case with subjects who never smoked: OR = 1.09 (0.73-1.62; p = 0.676). These results support the hypothesis of gene-environmental interaction in periodontitis.

scholarly journals The concept of quality of life in dementia in the different stages of the disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teake P. Ettema ◽  
Rose-Marie Dröes ◽  
Jacomine de Lange ◽  
Marcel E. Ooms ◽  
Gideon J. Mellenbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multidimensional Evaluation ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

In order to conceptually define quality of life (QOL) in dementia, the literature on QOL in the elderly population, in chronic disease and in dementia was studied. Dementia is a progressive, age-related, chronic condition and to avoid omissions within the dementia-specific concept of QOL, a broad orientation was the preferred approach in this literature study. Adaptation is a major outcome in studies investigating interventions aimed at improving QOL in chronic conditions, but to date, it has not been used in the definition of QOL. It is argued that adaptation is an important indication of QOL in people with chronic diseases and therefore also in dementia. Some crucial issues in assessing dementia-related QOL that are relevant to clarify the continuing debate on whether QOL, particularly in dementia, can be measured at all, are discussed. Then the following conceptual definition is offered: dementia-specific QOL is the multidimensional evaluation of the person–environment system of the individual, in terms of adaptation to the perceived consequences of the dementia.

scholarly journals RESOURCES TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-707
Author(s):  
Galyna F. Biloklytska ◽  
Svitlana Yu. Viala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Local Risk

The aim: Is to characterize the «Medico-sociological map» developed by us to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus as a resource to improve the treatment of generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods: We have developed a Medic-sociological map to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus. Methods of accumulation of primary dental and endocrinological information, review and analytical methods. Statistical methods for comparing empirical data and their generalization. Results: Thanks to the «Medico-sociological map» developed by us, systemic and local risk factors for the development of periodontal tissue diseases in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus have been identified. Factors for improving the well-being of patients in the treatment of periodontal diseases have been comprehensively studied. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been shown to give up healthy habits (cigarette smoking) and lead a healthy lifestyle and reduce the health risks that can be caused by generalized periodontitis in combination with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that resources to improve the effectiveness of periodontitis treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus include not only cooperation with endocrinologists, but also our «Medico-sociological map» to identify systemic and local risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus.

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