scholarly journals First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽  
Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans(AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) andA. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L3 of L. douglassii.

scholarly journals Predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Braga ◽  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.M. Araujo ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
And Control

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum is a nematode that parasitizes domestic dogs and wild canids. We compared the predatory capacity of isolates from the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I31) on first-stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum under laboratory conditions. L1A. vasorum were plated on 2% water-agar (WA) Petri dishes marked into 4 mm diameter fields with the four grown isolates and a control without fungus. Plates of treated groups contained each 1000 L1A. vasorum and 1000 conidia of the fungal isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31 on 2% WA. Plates of the control group (without fungus) contained only 1000 L1A. vasorum on 2% WA. Ten random fields (4 mm diameter) were examined per plate of treated and control groups, every 24 h for 7 days. Nematophagous fungi were not observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity among the tested fungal isolates (P>0.05) during the 7 days of the experiment. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 80.3%, 74.5%, 74.2% and 71.8% in the means of A. vasorum L1 recovered from treatments with isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31, respectively, compared to the control without fungi. In this study, the four isolates of predatory fungi were efficient in the in vitro capture and destruction of A. vasorum L1, confirming previous work on the efficiency of nematophagous fungi in the control of nematode parasites of dogs and as a possible alternative method of biological control.

scholarly journals Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Fungal Antagonism

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively.T. esauproduced 7.9 × 107conidia and associated withD. flagrans,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively.A. musiformisproduced 7.3 × 109spores and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orC. roseareduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively.C. roseaproduced 7.3 × 108conidia and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orA. musiformisreduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a Mexican strain ofDuddingtonia flagransas a biological control agent against gastrointestinal nematodes in goat faeces

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Ojeda-Robertos ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
J.F.J. Torres-Acosta ◽  
R.I. Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
A.J. Aguilar-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes

AbstractThe use ofDuddingtonia flagransin the control of goat nematodes was investigated. Initially, the time of passage of chlamydospores through the digestive tract of goats was evaluated. Two groups of seven parasite-free kids were formed. Group A received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores (FTHO-8 strain) per kg of live weight. Group B did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained from each kid daily from day 4 prior to inoculation until day 5 post-inoculation (PI) and were placed in Petri dishes containing water agar. Gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae were added to each Petri dish and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Petri dishes were examined to detect the fungus and trapped nematodes. A second trial evaluated the effect ofD. flagranson the number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae harvested from goat faecal cultures in naturally infected goats. Two groups of seven goats were formed. The treated group received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores per kg of liveweight. The control group did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained twice daily from each kid. Two faecal cultures were made for each kid. One was incubated for 7 days and the other for 14 days. Gastrointestinal nematode larvae were recovered from each culture and counted. Percentage of larval development reduction was determined using a ratio of larvae/eggs deposited in the control and treated groups.Duddingtonia flagranssurvived the digestive process of goats, and maintained its predatory activity, being observed from 21 to 81 h PI (3 to 4 days). A reduction in the infective larvae population in the treated group compared to the non-treated group was observed in both incubation periods (7 days: 5.3–36.0%; 14 days: 0–52.8%,P>0.05). Although a single inoculation ofD. flagranscan induce a reduction of infective larvae collected from faeces, a different scheme of dosing may be needed to enhance the efficacy ofD. flagransin goats.

scholarly journals Predatory activity of nematophagous fungi on infective larvae of Ancylostoma sp.: evaluation in vitro and after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
J.M. Araujo ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
I 31

AbstractThe predatory capacity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) and A. robusta (I-31) on infective Ancylostoma sp. larvae (L3) was evaluated. Compared with the control without fungi there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 87.02%, 82.74%, 47.93%, 60.49%, 76.89%, 71.33% and 86.02% in the mean number of Ancylostoma sp. (L3) recovered from treatments with the isolates AC001, NF34a, CGI, SF53, I-40, CG719 and I-31, respectively. Isolates AC001, I-31 and NF34a were more effective in capturing L3 during the in vitro assay. Isolates were then in vivo evaluated for the capacity to remain viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, while still maintaining their predatory activity against L3. Fungal isolates survived the passage and showed efficient predation 48 h after fungal administration to the dogs (P < 0.05). After this time, only the isolate NF34a remained effective up to 96 h after administration (P < 0.05). Monacrosporium thaumasium, D. flagrans and A. robusta are potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma sp. in dogs.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

scholarly journals Control of Strongyloides westeri by nematophagous fungi after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of donkeys

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽  
Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Strongyloides Westeri ◽  
Alginate Matrix

Strongyloides westeri is the most prevalent nematode among equines aged up to four months and causes gastrointestinal disorders. The objective of this study was to observe the control of infective S. westeri larvae (L3) by the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of female donkeys. Twelve dewormed female donkeys that were kept in stables were used. Two treatment groups each comprising four animals received orally 100 g of pellets made of sodium alginate matrix containing a mycelial mass of either D. flagrans (AC001) or M. thaumasium (NF34). The control group consisted of four animals that received pellets without fungus. Feces samples were then collected from the animal groups at different times (after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). These feces were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar medium and 1000 L3 of S. westeri. AC001 and NF34 isolates showed the ability to destroy the L3, after gastrointestinal transit, thus demonstrating their viability and predatory activity.

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽  
Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽  
Letícia Ianke ◽  
Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽  
Matheus Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Fernanda Mara Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae

scholarly journals Control of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in heifers using different isolates of nematophagous fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo da Silva ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
Daniel Sobreira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Baermann Method

The effect of different nematophagous fungi [Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34)] with regard to controlling infective larvae (L3) of nematodes after gastrointestinal transit in female cattle (3/4 Holstein × Zebu) was evaluated. A total of 24 pubescent female cattle were used, weighing approximately 320 kg each one. There were three treatment groups, each contained six animals that received 150 g of pellets (0.2 g of mycelium), orally in a single dose, in a sodium alginate matrix containing mycelial mass of the fungus D. flagrans (AC001 or CG722) or M. thaumasium (NF34); and one control group (without fungi). Fecal samples were collected from the animals at intervals of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 hours. At the end of 17 days, the L3 not subjected to predation were recovered by means of the Baermann method. The fungal isolates tested were capable of destroying the L3 after gastrointestinal transit. It was observed that within 72 hours, the isolates AC001, CG722, and NF34 showed a higher predatory activity (81.2%, 97.3%, and 98.3%, respectively). The results justify the need for studies in the field, and over longer intervals, in order to observe the efficiency of the fungus D. flagrans, or even M. thaumasium, for environmental control over nematodes in naturally infected cattle.

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