scholarly journals Human parasitism by the exotic tick Dermacentor variabilis (Parasitiformes: Ixodida) in Brazil: report of an imported case

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Adriano Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The City

Abstract In June 2012, a tick was found parasitizing a man in the city of São Paulo, who had recently returned from a visit to Pennsylvania, in the northeast of the United States. The tick was removed and sent to the São Paulo State Department of Health, where it was identified as a male of the species Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821), according to the literature and taxonomic keys. The tick was subjected to a PCR test to search for rickettsiae, but the result was negative. The fact that a human entered Brazilian territory unaware that he was parasitized by a hard tick not belonging to the national tick fauna is significant because of the possibility that an exotic species could be introduced and take hold in this country. Another major risk to public health is that this arthropod could be infected with the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, as this ectoparasite is the main vector of Spotted Fever on the East Coast of North America.

scholarly journals Strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Noctuidae) in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e0854
Author(s):  
Francielly Silveira Richardt ◽  
Adriana Micheli ◽  
Daniele Tasior ◽  
Elderson Ruthes ◽  
Luís Amilton Foerster
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rice Strain ◽  
The City

Two strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) were first described in the United States; in Brazil, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso, and western Paraná they have also been reported. This study was aimed at identifying these strains in Norte Pioneiro and Campos Gerais, in the states of Paraná and southwestern São Paulo. Larvae of S. frugiperda were collected in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Tibagi, Arapoti, and Wenceslau Braz in Paraná, and in the city of Itaberá, in São Paulo. PCR-RFLP genotyping of the COI gene was carried out using sixty-six specimens. Based on their electrophoretic pattern, 51 individuals were identified as corn strain, five as rice strain, and 10 as hybrids (Rice in MspI and Maize in SacI). Our findings indicate that both S. frugiperda strains are present the study areas.

scholarly journals Serological survey of Rickettsia in equids from Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil, and their tick identification and molecular investigation of Rickettsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. e158159
Author(s):  
Claudia Iorio Budweg ◽  
Amanda Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Tânia Regina Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Zahi Êni Santos Souza ◽  
Maria Carolina de Azevedo Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever

Brazilian spotted fever is a serious and lethal illness for humans and is caused by the Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria. In the state of São Paulo/SP (Brazil), the etiological agent of this disease is transmitted by the Amblyomma sculptum tick. It was already shown that horses infected with this bacteria produce a strong immune response and could be important sentinels for the detection of the disease in a proper region. The present investigation performed a serological survey in horses from five farms of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo state, Brazil, searching for antibodies against, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia rhipicephali, and Rickettsia bellii. In each farm, ticks were also collected that were taxonomically identified and examined by real-time PCR for Rickettsia spp DNA. Blood samples were collected from 206 horses, and 334 ticks were picked up from these animals from January to December 2017. Eighty ticks wereA. sculptum and 254 Dermacentor nitens. Of the blood samples, 7.3% seroconverted to Rickettsia spp. Of these, 0.97% had a positive serological response to R. bellii. None of the 80 A. sculptum ticks were positive through real-time PCR for Rickettsia spp. Although there was no detection of ticks infected by Rickettsia spp in five farms of Paraíba Valley, the horses presented serological positive reactions against this agent. Thus, further large studies should be conducted in the area targeting hosts and vectors to generate data for control measures of the transmission of Brazilian spotted fever. 

scholarly journals Anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) from an agricultural landscape in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2543
Author(s):  
Filipe Corrêa Pacheco ◽  
Jonas Moraes Filho ◽  
Vlamir José Rocha ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues Sampieri ◽  
Melissa Marchi Zaniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, based on clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of exposure to tick-borne agents in opossums (Didelphis spp.) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽  
Daniel Moura de Aguiar ◽  
Mariana Granziera Spolidorio ◽  
Natalino Hajime Yoshinari ◽  
Eliana Reiko Matushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Didelphis Aurita ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

Abstract This work involved a serological investigation of tick-borne pathogens in opossums in eight municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Serum samples from 109 opossums (91 Didelphis aurita and 18 Didelphis albiventris) were tested to detect antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii (Taiaçu strain, 1:64 cut-off) and Ehrlichia canis (São Paulo strain, 1:40 cut-off), by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA); and against Borrelia burgdorferi (strain G39/40) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of antibodies to anti-R. rickettsii, anti-E. canis and anti-B. burgdorferi was detected in 32 (29.35%), 16 (14.67%) and 30 (27.52%) opossums, respectively. Opossum endpoint titers ranged from 64 to 1,024 for R. rickettsii, from 40 to 160 for E. canis, and from 400 to >51,200 for B. burgdorferi. These serological results suggest that opossums have been exposed to Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and B. burgdorferi-related agents in the state of São Paulo. Our study underscores the need for further research about these agents in this study area, in view of the occurrence of Spotted Fever and Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome disease in humans in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Epidemiology of Brazilian spotted fever in the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA OGRZEWALSKA ◽  
DANILO G. SARAIVA ◽  
JONAS MORAES-FILHO ◽  
THIAGO F. MARTINS ◽  
FRANCISCO B. COSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽  
Endemic Areas

SUMMARYThe tick-borne bacteriumRickettsia rickettsiiis the aetiological agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). The present study evaluated tick infestations on wild and domestic animals, and the rickettsial infection in these animals and their ticks in 7 forest areas adjacent to human communities in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The results were compared to ecological traits of each sampled area. Two main tick species,Amblyomma aureolatumandRhipicephalus sanguineus,were collected from dogs. The major ticks found on small mammals and birds wereIxodes loricatusandAmblyomma longirostre, respectively. Both anti-R. rickettsiiantibodies andR. rickettsii-infected ticks were detected on dogs from only 2 areas in the southern part of the SPMA, which were considered to be endemic for BSF; the remaining 5 areas were considered to be non-endemic. Ecologically, the BSF-endemic areas clearly differed from the non-endemic areas by the presence of significantly more degraded forest patches in the former. The present results corroborate historical observations that have indicated that all human cases of BSF in the SPMA were contracted in the southern part of this metropolitan area. However, not all forest patches in the southern part of the SPMA were shown to be associated with BSF endemism.

scholarly journals Anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) from an agricultural landscape in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2543
Author(s):  
Filipe Corrêa Pacheco ◽  
Jonas Moraes Filho ◽  
Vlamir José Rocha ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues Sampieri ◽  
Melissa Marchi Zaniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris

Spotted fever is a typically endemic infectious disease caused by rickettsiae from the spotted fever group, of which Rickettsia rickettsii is the main etiologic agent. It presents high mortality rates in Brazil, with transmission to humans or animals through the bite of infected ticks. The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is an important reservoir for Rickettsia spp.; these bacteria can circulate in an infected animal presenting only fever as a clinical sign of the disease, as demonstrated by experimental infection. Considering the high zoonotic potential and the damage caused to human, animal, and environmental health, this study searched for anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies in capybaras from an agricultural landscape in the city of Araras, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) technique was used to detect anti-R. rickettsii antibodies. From the 28 serum samples tested using IFA, 18 (64.28%) were considered reactive, with antibody titers ranging from 256 to 2048. Seven (38.88%) samples presented titers of 256, three (16.67%) with titers of 512, five (27.78%) with titers of 1024, and three (16.67%) with titers of 2048. However, it was not possible to significantly associate gender to these serologic results. These results demonstrate that at some point during their lives, the studied capybaras were exposed to the etiologic agent, but it is impossible to know when this occurred. Further studies need to be performed to clarify which serological titers ensure an infection in capybaras, based on clinical and laboratory assessment of rickettsemia, and to establish the relationship between titers and the chronicity of disease. This is necessary owing to the possibility of cross-reactions with other rickettsiae species of the same subgroup, leading to the need for molecular tests to confirm diagnosis.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

scholarly journals AEROSOLS OBSERVATIONS BY AN ELASTIC LIDAR SYSTEM OVER THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
E. LANDULFO ◽  
A. PAPAYANNIS ◽  
A. ZANARDI DE FREITAS ◽  
M.P.P.. M. JORGE ◽  
N.D. VIEIRA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
The City

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽  
Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽  
Gustavo Nagib ◽  
Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽  
Giulia Giacchè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.

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