A Regulatory Framework for Dam Safety Assurance

A number of horrific failures of both public and privately owned dams in recent decades has triggered serious concern over the safety of dams throughout the world. However, in Australia, although much Government attention is being devoted to the medium- to large-scale dams, minimal attention is being paid to the serious potential cumulative, catchment-wide problems associated with smaller private dams. The paper determines how to consider addressing hazardous private dam safety issues generally through a comparative analysis of international dam safety policy/law systems. The analysis has identified elements of best and minimum practice that can and do exist successfully to provide deserved assurance to the community of the proper safety management of hazardous private dams at both the individual and cumulative, catchment-wide levels. These elements provide benchmarks that enable ‘appropriate’ legislative arrangements to be determined for different jurisdictional circumstances as illustrated with an Australian policy-deficient case study.

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The Extent of Extemporaneous Preparation and Regulatory Framework of Extemporaneous Compounding in Latvia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55090531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Kiseļova ◽

Baiba Mauriņa ◽

Venta Šidlovska ◽

Jānis Zvejnieks

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

State Agency ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Specific Patient ◽

Safety Assurance ◽

Extemporaneous Preparation ◽

And Control

Background and objectives: Extemporaneous preparations are pharmaceutical preparations individually prepared for a specific patient or patient group, but also high-risk products accompanied by doubts regarding their safety and quality. Legislation regulating the compounding of extemporaneous preparations is not harmonized among European countries. This problem is partially resolved by Resolution CM/Res(2016)1 on quality and safety assurance requirements for medicinal products prepared in pharmacies for the special needs of patients. In order to understand the relevance of extemporaneous compounding in Latvia and the fulfillment of the abovementioned resolution’s requirements, it is essential to get information about the volume and breakdown of sales of extemporaneous medicinal products in community pharmacies. The purpose of this survey is to identify the sales volume of extemporaneous preparations in community pharmacies in Latvia in 2017 by analyzing unpublished data of the State Agency of Medicines (SAM), as well as comparing Latvian laws with the requirements of the resolution. Materials and Methods: A separate Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was prepared for each statistical region in order to summarize the unpublished information of SAM on the turnover of extemporaneous preparations in 2017 in all Latvian statistical regions. In order to compare the regulatory framework in Latvia with the resolution, the Latvian Pharmaceutical Law and the Cabinet of Ministers Regulations regulating prescription, compounding and control of extemporaneous preparations in community pharmacies were analyzed. Results: Only 280 of 384 pharmacies submitted a report of sales of extemporaneous preparations for 2017 to the SAM. These pharmacies represented all Latvian statistical regions. Extemporaneous preparations were mostly sold in Riga (78.93%). The Latvian regulation does not include all paragraphs of the resolution. Most of the paragraphs of the resolution are described in Latvian regulatory enactments only partially. Conclusions: The total number of compounding pharmacies evidence that the service is needed. Latvian example highlights a necessity for European Union countries to compare their national legislation with the requirements of the resolution’s last version and, if necessary, implement relevant amendments.

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Helping farmers and regulators manage and assure the cumulative flood safety of agricultural dams: a cost-effective regionalised review/design tool from Australia

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2015.230 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 996-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John D. Pisaniello

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Best Practice ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Design Tool ◽

Community Safety ◽

Dam Failure ◽

Future Research ◽

Dam Safety ◽

Safety Assurance

In Australia and other countries, small private dams in agricultural catchments pose both disastrous individual and cumulative dam failure flood threats to downstream communities; threats that can be exacerbated by increased rainfall intensities caused by climate change. This paper addresses the need for a low cost, scientifically acceptable mechanism and policy guidance to help dam owners and governments better understand and manage these risks and assure community safety. To this end an innovative, cost-effective farm dam flood safety review/design tool is developed and tested in Australia, including hydrology-diverse Tasmania, to complement best practice dam safety assurance policy. The tool's development involved generating complex catchment data to represent hydrologically homogenous regions using best practice water engineering methods, to derive simple regionalised dam flood capability prediction relationships of acceptable accuracy. Results demonstrate the tool's successful development and potential transferability to different hydrological regions; how the relationships can be refined by future research and potentially made to account for climate change; and how the tool can be applied within a best practice dam safety assurance policy which includes additional farmer-friendly elements. The findings are potentially transferable to any region to assure communities that cumulative safety threats posed by rural catchment dams are minimised.

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Institutional and Governance Arrangements for Dam Safety Assurance

Laying the Foundations: A Global Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks for the Safety of Dams and Downstream Communities ◽

10.1596/978-1-4648-1242-2_ch4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 69-92

Author(s):

Marcus J. Wishart ◽

Satoru Ueda ◽

John D. Pisaniello ◽

Joanne L. Tingey-Holyoak ◽

Kimberly N. Lyon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dam Safety ◽

Safety Assurance ◽

Governance Arrangements

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Engineering and Design: Dam Safety Assurance Program

10.21236/ada404117 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC

Keyword(s):

Dam Safety ◽

Safety Assurance

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Cost-effective Private Dam Safety Assurance Policy and Spillway Design/Review

International Journal of Water Resources Development ◽

10.1080/07900629948790 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 261-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John D. Pisaniello ◽

Jennifer M. Mckay

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Dam Safety ◽

Design Review ◽

Safety Assurance

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The problem of state governance in the technosphere and its transition to a new risk-oriented model: the case of fire safety assurance

ПОЖАРОВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ◽

10.22227/pvb.2021.30.02.98-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 98-116

Author(s):

A. V. Ershov ◽

V. B. Korobko

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Fire Safety ◽

Fire Service ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Safety Assurance ◽

State Supervision ◽

State Governance ◽

Problematic Situations ◽

Further Development

The purpose of this work has nothing to do with the measurement of this contradiction or its pace; rather, it is aimed at the observation of facts and identification of the smoothest way (means, logistics) to resolve this problematic situation. This approach stems from the fact that the recent international centennial practice has shown that the “relief” of years-long social tensions (that hamper any further development) by means of revolutionary public changes does not lead to protection of safeguarded public values (primarily, human health and lives, as well as human welfare); everything happens the other way round.The Centre for Education and Research into the Management of Supervisory Activities of the Academy of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia has accumulated successful experience in application of the risk-oriented model of regulation of relations in the technosphere (the case of fire safety assurance aimed at the resolution of problematic situations in the process of design, operation, and organization of supervisory activities, fire investigations performed within the framework of court-appointed examinations, in the process of revising the legal and regulatory framework). This experience enables actors to make conclusions of public significance. The main conclusion deals with conversion of the present-day legal and regulatory framework focused on public relations in the field of the technosphere into the framework full of striking and proactive chaos. Specialists, trained to apply the standard model of state supervision, are unable to comprehend and adequately apply the effective legislation.The co-authors have formulated the assumption that the introduction of a risk-oriented model into the system of state supervision requires a drastic change in the professional mindset (professional culture) of executives responsible for governing the relations dealing with the technosphere, or (fire) safety assurance (employees of licensing and authorization departments)).

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