Dynamic Analysis of Articulatory Movement Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Movies: Methods and Implications in Cleft Lip and Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Shinagawa ◽  
Takashi Ono ◽  
Ei-Ichi Honda ◽  
Shinobu Masaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Normal Volunteer ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Articulatory Movement ◽  
The Subject

Objectives To visualize articulatory movement using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) movie of a subject with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to demonstrate the usefulness of this method for studying oropharyngeal function. Material and Methods Dynamic changes in oropharyngeal structures were assessed with an MRI movie of a man with cleft lip and palate and in a normal adult male volunteer during the articulation of /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/. Results and Conclusions Different movement patterns were observed during articulation in the subject with CLP compared with the normal volunteer. Posterosuperior movement of the tongue and the anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall were clearly visualized in the subject with CLP. Thus, MRI movies appear to be a promising tool for evaluating speech function in patients with CLP because of their noninvasive and nonradiation nature.

Distinctive Cortical Articulatory Representation in Cleft Lip and Palate: A Preliminary Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Shinagawa ◽  
Takashi Ono ◽  
Ei-ichi Honda ◽  
Tohru Kurabayashi ◽  
Atsushi Iriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Objective: To investigate cortical representation of articulation of the bilabial plosive in patients with cleft lip and palate. Design: We examined cortical representation for /pa/-articulation in cleft lip and palate patients using blood oxygenation level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects: Data from four postsurgical adult cleft lip and palate patients were compared with those from six healthy volunteers. Results: Activation foci were found in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in all cleft lip and palate patients, as in the controls. The sensorimotor cortex ipsilateral to the side of cleft lip and palate showed greater activation in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, whereas the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the side on which cheiloplasty had been performed earlier showed greater activation in a bilateral cleft lip and palate patient. Conclusions: The results suggest that there may be an ipsilateral dominance in cortical representation during bilabial articulation to the side of the cleft in the upper lip.

Combined Fmri and MRI Movie in the Evaluation of Articulation in Subjects with and without Cleft Lip and Palate

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiru Sato-Wakabayashi ◽  
Maristela Sayuri Inoue-Arai ◽  
Takashi Ono ◽  
Ei-ichi Honda ◽  
Tohru Kurabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip

Objective: This study was undertaken to explore the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and MRI movies in the evaluation of articulatory function in subjects with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design: The authors examined brain activation and the dynamic movement of articulators during bilabial and velar plosives using fMRI and MRI movies. Subjects: Two subjects, one with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and one with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 12 non-CLP volunteers. Results: Activation foci were found in the precentral gyrus, thalamus, and cerebellum in non-CLP volunteers. In comparison, similar regions were activated in the UCLP subject during both plosives, whereas the regions activated in the BCLP subject were different, particularly during the velar plosive. The dynamic movement of articulators in the UCLP subject was comparable to that in a non-CLP volunteer but different from that in the BCLP subject. Conclusions: The results suggest that these two MRI modalities may be a promising evaluation methodology for articulatory function in CLP from central and peripheral perspectives.

scholarly journals Examining Age, Sex, and Race Characteristics of Velopharyngeal Structures in 4- to 9-Year-Old Children Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Perry ◽  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Bradley P. Sutton ◽  
Xiangming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Mean Values

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the growth of the various craniofacial and velopharyngeal structures and examine sex and race effects. Methods: Eight-five healthy children (53 white and 32 black) with normal velopharyngeal anatomy between 4 and 9 years of age who met the inclusion criteria and successfully completed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were included in the study. Results: Developmental normative mean values for selected craniofacial and velopharyngeal variables by race and sex are reported. Facial skeleton variables (face height, nasion to sella, sella to basion, palate height, palate width) and velopharyngeal variables (levator muscle length, angle of origin, sagittal angle, velar length, velar thickness, velar knee to posterior pharyngeal wall, and posterior nasal spine to levator muscle) demonstrated a trend toward a decrease in angle measures and increase in linear measures as age increased (with the exception of posterior nasal spine to levator muscle). Only hard palate width and levator muscle length showed a significant sex effect. However, 2 facial skeleton and 6 velopharyngeal variables showed a significant race effect. The interactions between sex, race, and age were not statistically significant across all variables, with the exception of posterior nasal spine to posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusion: Findings established a large age- and race-specific normative reference for craniofacial and velopharyngeal variables. Data reveal minimal sexual dimorphism among variables used in the present study; however, significant racial effects were observed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Upper Airway Anatomy in Awake, Sedated and Anaesthetised Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Shorten ◽  
N. J. Opie ◽  
P. Graziotti ◽  
I. Morris ◽  
M. Khangure
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Airway Anatomy ◽  
Clinically Significant

Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to quantify the effects of 1. sedation and 2. general anaesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in place on the minimum antero-posterior (A-P) diameters of the naso-, oro- and hypopharynx and on the angle of the epiglottis relative to the adjacent posterior pharyngeal wall. Median saggital T1-weighted images of the pharynx were obtained in 46 patients (16 awake, 14 sedated, 16 under general anaesthesia). In sedated patients, the A-P diameters of the pharynx were less than in awake patients, in particular at the levels of the epiglottis and soft palate. General anaesthesia and placement of a LMA was also associated with a reduced A-P diameter at the level of the soft palate, but with increased diameters at the levels of the tongue and epiglottis. Placement of a LMA caused abnormal downfolding of the epiglottis in most cases but this did not cause clinically significant airway obstruction.

Cervical Spondylodiscitis—A Rare Complication of Palatopharyngeal Flap Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Holmgaard ◽  
Linda P. Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Cervical Spondylodiscitis

Cervical spondylodiscitis was diagnosed in a 31-year-old man 2 months after palatopharyngeal flap surgery. Symptoms included pain in the neck and tingling and numbness in the left arm. The diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, and the patient recovered on antibiotic treatment. We propose that the spondylodiscitis may have occurred as a result of a local infection in and around the surgical wound in the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Management of Speech and Swallowing Disorders in Children with Oral Clefts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi K. Garg ◽  
Delora L Mount
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Pharyngeal Flap ◽  
Sphincter Pharyngoplasty

Cleft lip and palate are common congenital anomalies with significant implications for feeding, swallowing, and speech. If a cleft palate goes unrepaired, a child will have difficulty distinguishing nasal and oral sounds. Even following cleft palate repair, approximately 20 to 30% of nonsyndromic children have persistent hypernasal speech. This often occurs due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), a term describing failure of the soft palate and pharyngeal walls to seal the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during oral consonant production. The gold standard for diagnosis is perceptual examination by a trained speech pathologist, although additional diagnostic tools such as nasendoscopy are often used. Treatment options for VPD range from speech therapy to revision palatoplasty, sphincter pharyngoplasty, pharyngeal flap, and pharyngeal wall augmentation. Palatal prosthetics may also be considered for children who are not surgical candidates. Further research is needed to improve selection of diagnostic and treatment interventions and optimize speech outcomes for children with a history of oral cleft. This review contains 1 figure, 3 videos, and 58 references.  Key words: Cleft lip and palate, hypernasal resonance, levator veli palatine, nasal emission, nasendoscopy, palatoplasty, pharyngeal flap, posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation, sphincter pharyngoplasty, velopharyngeal dysfunction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Brain Abnormalities in Fetuses with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Rosen ◽  
Grace J. Chiou ◽  
Joan M. Stoler ◽  
John B. Mulliken ◽  
Tomo Tarui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abnormalities
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