Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs: Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de M. Magalhães ◽  
Mariana L. Lyra ◽  
Thiago R. de Carvalho ◽  
Diego Baldo ◽  
Francisco Brusquetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Geographic Patterns

scholarly journals Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Sophia Di Cataldo ◽  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Claudia Ulloa-Contreras ◽  
Irene Sacristán ◽  
Diego Peñaloza-Madrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Sequence Types

Blood samples of 626 rural dogs, 140 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 83 South American grey foxes (L. griseus) from six bioregions of Chile spanning 3000 km were screened for Mycoplasma DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing. Risk factors of infection were inferred using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and genetic structure by network analyses. Overall, Mycoplasma haemocanis/Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhc/Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) observed prevalence was 23.8% and 12.8% in dogs, 20.1% and 7.2% in Andean foxes, and 26.5% and 8.4% in grey foxes, respectively. Both hemoplasmas were confirmed in all the bioregions, with higher prevalence in those where ticks from the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species group were absent. Candidatus M. haematominutum and a Mycoplasma sp. previously found in South American carnivores were detected in one fox each. Although the most prevalent Mhc/Mhf and CMhp sequence types were shared between dogs and foxes, network analysis revealed genetic structure of Mhc/Mhf between hosts in some regions. Male sex was associated with a higher risk of Mhc/Mhf and CMhp infection in dogs, and adult age with CMhp infection, suggesting that direct transmission is relevant. No risk factor was identified in foxes. Our study provides novel information about canine hemoplasmas with relevance in distribution, transmission routes, and cross-species transmission.

scholarly journals REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL CORAL PORITES COLONENSIS (SCLERACTINIA: PORITIDAE) EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagoberto E. Venera Pontón ◽  
Javier Reyes ◽  
Guillermo Diaz Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
South American ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time

Porites colonensis is a coral from the Caribbean Sea; colonies are foliaceous, undulated, and plate-like. Polyps are dark brown or red with small bright white or green centers; pali are present in corallites and the septal plan is bisymmetrical, conformed by three fused ventral septa, a dorsal solitary septum, and two pairs of lateral septa at each side of the dorso-ventral axis. P. colonensis is similar and can be confused with the smooth varieties of Porites astreoides and Porites branneri. There are three specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis: one from Golfo de Urabá (Darién ecoregion), other from Islas del Rosario (Coralline Archipelagos ecoregion), and another from an unspecified locality, in addition to one published observation from the Golfo de Urabá without collected specimens. A recent finding of other specimens in the Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP, Tayrona ecoregion) and the absence of a rigorous taxonomic revision for all specimens collected from Colombia showed that it was necessary to review the presence and distribution of P. colonensis in the Colombian Caribbean. A taxonomic review was done for all specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis. Then, the morphologic variability of specimens that were confirmed as P. colonensis was described. Only the specimens from TNNP agreed with the holotype description of P. colonensis, while others agreed with flat varieties of P. astreoides. Thus, the presence of P. colonensis is confirmed for the first time for Colombia, but its presence in other Colombian localities outside Tayrona ecoregion could not be demonstrated. This is the only confirmed record of this species for the South American continental shelf. Furthermore, the skeletal characteristics of Colombian P. colonensis corallites showed large variability, exceeding the ranges previously described for the species.

Species Delimitation and evolutionary history of tree frogs in the Hyla chinensis-group (Hylidae, Amphibian)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Guiyou Wu ◽  
Xing Kang ◽  
Peng Yan ◽  
Izaz Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Dabie Mountains ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Species are the cornerstone in many domains of biology research, which made the accurate species delimitation became critically important. In this study, the systematics and biogeography of the Hyla chinensis -group were analyzed based on phylogeny, species delimitation and ancestral area reconstruction methods.Results The phylogenetic results showed six specific clusters existed in the H. chinensis- group. BPP analysis indicated that six distinct species exist due to the high probability values (>0.95), which were also supported by the BF analysis. The divergence time of the H. chinensis -group is estimated to date back to 18.84 Mya in the early Miocene. Combining the results of ancestral area reconstruction, the H. chinensis -group might have originated from Guangxi-Hainan, then spread eastwardly and reached Nanling mountains, Wuyi mountains, Huangshan mountains and Taiwan. In rightabout colonization, it is gradually extended to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan basin, Qinling mountains and Dabie mountains. Considering the geological movement from early Miocene to Pliocene, the colonization pattern of the H. chinensis -group maybe closely related to the progressive uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and historical climate change.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for species delimitation and speciation process within the H. chinensis -group. Our study supports the hypothesis that the evolutionary divergence in this species group was a consequence of the progressive uplift of QTP and environmental change.

Molecular phylogeny, species delimitation and biogeographic history of the Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from East Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Lian Wang ◽  
Jin-Ming Lu ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Hong-Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
West China ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
South West

Abstract The Stegana (Steganina) shirozui species group is mainly distributed in East Asia. In the present study, the molecular phylogeny of the S. shirozui group was investigated based on mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (28S rRNA) markers. The resulting trees support the S. shirozui group as monophyletic and indicate that in this group, species associated with closer affinities show higher structural homogeneity in male genitalia. Molecular species delimitation assess most species limits and recognize four new species in the S. shirozui group from south-west China: S. alianya sp. nov., S. diodonta sp. nov., S. zebromyia sp. nov. and S. zopheria sp. nov. One new synonym was also recognized. Additionally, three typical male genital characters of the S. shirozui group were placed on the molecular phylogenetic framework. The outcome of both divergence-time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the S. shirozui group likely originated in south-west China in the Middle Miocene.

A revision of loasoid Caiophora (Caiophora pterosperma-group, Loasoideae, Loasaceae) from Peru

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
MARKUS ACKERMANN ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
South American ◽  
American Family ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Elevational Distribution ◽  
Basal Position

Caiophora is a taxonomically difficult, nearly exclusively Andean genus of the largely South American family Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae. Elevational distribution and flower morphology argue for a relatively basal position of loasoid Caiophora in the genus. Caiophora has not been revised since 1900, and details of their morphology, distribution and species delimitation are incompletely understood. The Caiophora pterosperma-group clearly belongs to Caiophora based on habit, fruit morphology, karyology and molecular data, but is florally similar to members of the closely allied genera Loasa and Scyphanthus. The Peruvian members of the Caiophora pterosperma-group are here revised. Three species are recognized: C. pterosperma, endemic to the departments of Junín and Pasco (including C. smithii, C. serropetala and C. pavonii), C. stenocarpa from the departments Cuzco and Huancavelica, and the new species Caiophora dederichiorum, endemic to the department of Ancash. All three species occur at low elevations for the genus (down to 2200 m a.s.l.) and in seasonally dry habitats, unlike most representatives of the genus (usually found in mesic habitats at higher elevations). A key to the Peruvian members of the group, diagnoses, drawings and photographs are provided for all species recognized.

Revision of the species of the New World genus Augochlora (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) occurring in the southern temperate areas of its range

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2750 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILAGROS DALMAZZO ◽  
ARTURO ROIG-ALSINA
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
South American ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
North And South ◽  
Taxonomic Keys

Augochlora is a genus of mainly tropical bees, with few representatives in both North and South American temperate areas. In this contribution we present a taxonomic review of the species with southernmost distribution. Only five species occur in central Argentina and Uruguay, between 30º and 40º south latitude: A. iphigenia Holmberg, A. amphitrite (Schrottky), A. nausicaa (Schrottky), A. phoemonoe (Schrottky) and A. daphnis Smith. The first four species are common elements in the bee assemblages of the area. The fifth species, from Montevideo, Uruguay, is known from the type specimen only. Re-descriptions of all species, as well as illustrations, distributional data, and taxonomic keys are presented. A lectotype is designated for Augochlora iphigenia Holmberg, 1886. Oxystoglossa semiramis Schrottky, 1911, and Halictus brochidens Vachal, 1911, are new synonyms of A. iphigenia Holmberg. Odontochlora thebe Schrottky, 1909, is a new synonym of Odontochlora amphitrite Schrottky, 1909.

Taxonomic review of the genus Meleonoma Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae), with a checklist of all the described species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4763 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUXIA WANG ◽  
XIAOJU ZHU ◽  
BAIXUE ZHAO ◽  
XIAOFEI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups

Meleonoma Meyrick, 1914 is treated as a genus of the family Autostichidae based on the recent study. Fifty species are transferred from the genus Cryptolechia to Meleonoma, and eight Meleonoma species groups are proposed for the taxonomic convenience based on both molecular data and morphological study. Eight species groups include: the malacobyrsa group, the segregnatha group, the annulignatha group, the fasciptera group, the jigongshanica group, the dentivalvata group, the facialis group, and the acutiuscula group. Diagnostic characters and representative illustrations of each species group are provided. A discussion on the proposed species groups is given, and a checklist of all the 88 described Meleonoma species is provided. 

Revision of the Scopula dubernardi species group: how many species? (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1164 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
PASI SIHVONEN ◽  
DIETER STÜNING
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Situation

The Palaearctic Scopula dubernardi species group (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is revised on the basis of external and genitalic characters to include Scopula dubernardi (Oberthür, 1923) and Scopula segregata Prout, 1919. Lectotypes are designated for both species, which were described from more than one specimen without holotype designation. The species delimitation is based on small quantitative differences in the female genitalia, i.e., the degree of turn of the ductus bursae along its axis, and on external features. Furthermore, the recognition of the studied taxa as separate species is strengthened by the observation that they occur sympatrically and synchronously in two localities. Unlike the common situation in the genus Scopula, structures of the male genitalia were found uninformative in species delimitation. The length of right ceras on the 8th sternite of S. segregata was found to be polymorphic. Adults and genitalia of S. dubernardi and S. segregata are illustrated, along with the variation in external features and genitalia in both species. The biology and immature stages of both species are unknown.

Two new species of Gurania (Cucurbitaceae) from South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
GÉSSICA A. GOMES-COSTA ◽  
MICHAEL H. NEE ◽  
MARIA REGINA DE V. BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New South ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Two New Species

During the analysis of European and American herbaria collections for a taxonomic review of the Brazilian species of Gurania, two new South American species were found.  Gurania jeffreyi occurs in Ecuador and Colombia and Gurania calathina is found only in Colombia. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species are presented with comments on affinities and differences between them and related species.

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