URINARY EXCRETION OF ANDROST-16-EN-3α-OL LEVELS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, AND EFFECTS OF TREATMENT WITH TROPHIC HORMONES

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. L. BROOKSBANK
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Data are presented on the urinary excretion of androst-16-en-3α-ol by normal human subjects over the age span 4–86 years. The figures range from < 100 to 2630 μg./24 hr. in males, and < 100 to 1100 μg./24 hr. in females, the mean for men of 16–45 years being nearly three times that for women of the same age. The effect on urinary androstenol and 17-oxosteroids of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and of corticotrophin (ACTH) have been compared in three normal young men and two women. Marked elevation of androstenol excretion occurred after ACTH in both sexes, while HCG administration resulted in an increased urinary output of androstenol and 17-oxosteroids only in two of the men and not in the women tested in either phase of the menstrual cycle. Intramuscular injection of androstenol itself (20 mg.) resulted in increased levels of androstenol in the urine equivalent only to a very small proportion of the injected dose. The metabolic origin of androstenol is discussed in the light of the results presented and of those of other investigators. It seems likely that androstenol arises not primarily from testosterone but mainly from an adrenal precursor.

Catechol O-Methyltransferase in Red Blood Cells of Schizophrenic, Depressed, and Normal Human Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. White ◽  
Malcolm N. McLeod ◽  
Jonathan R. T. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Isoelectric Ph

SummaryCatechol O-methyltransferase of lysed human red blood cells was assayed under optimal conditions, using saturating concentrations of the substrates, S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The mean enzyme activity found in 24 normal subjects was 29.2 nmol/hr/ml RBC. The mean activity in blood of 33 female unipolar depressives was not significantly different from normal. However, higher enzyme activities were observed in the blood of 11 schizophrenic patients (38.9 nmol/hr/ml RBC). Partially purified enzyme preparations from blood of normal and schizophrenic individuals were indistinguishable with respect to substrate specificities, isoelectric pH values, and ratios of the two O-methylated products. Therefore it is unlikely that any defect in O-methylation which may occur in schizophrenia can be attributed to a change in the intrinsic properties of erythrocyte catechol O-methyltransferase.

scholarly journals Hydroxocobalamin

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE B. JERZY GLASS ◽  
DUK HO LEE
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Biological Half Life ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The mean hepatic biological half-life of Co57-hydroxocobalamin injected to 5 normal human subjects was similar to that of Co60-cyanocobalamin, as shown by double-label hepatic surface counting during the first 30 weeks after intramuscular or intravenous injection of cobalamins. In 2 cases in whom the counting was extended over a year’s period, the clearance of hepatic radioactivity following the intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin has slowed down as compared to that of cyanocobalamin, between the 30th and 52nd week after injection.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

Rate of uptake of carbon monoxide at different inspired concentrations in humans

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Jones ◽  
J. C. Clark ◽  
E. E. Davies ◽  
R. E. Forster ◽  
J. M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Facilitated Transport ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Co Concentrations

The rate of uptake of carbon monoxide (CO) in the lungs of normal subjects were measured at inspired concentrations of less than 1, 300, and 3,000 ppm (less than 0.0001–0.3%) using radioactive CO (11CO). In nine subjects the rate of uptake was monitored at the mouth during rebreathing. At inspired CO concentrations of approximately 1, 300, and 3,000 ppm and a mean alveolar O2 fraction of 0.15, the mean lung diffusing capacity was 25.8, 26.4, and 25.3 ml . min-1. Torr-1, respectively. In seven subjects the measurements were repeated after a period of O2 breathing, giving a mean alveolar O2 fraction of 0.78. The calculated membrane diffusing capacity was 31.9, 33.7, and 32.0 ml . min-1. Torr-1 at less than 1, 300, and 3,000 ppm inspired CO. We conclude that there is no difference in the rate of uptake of CO over the range of concentrations studied in these experiments. No evidence for the presence of a facilitated transport system for CO in the normal human lung was found.

Urinary excretion of glycated protein determined with a specific radioimmunoassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Ukita ◽  
Mitsushige Nishikawa ◽  
Akira Shouzu ◽  
Mitsuo Inada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract We developed a simple and highly sensitive RIA for glycated protein (GP), and used it to measure GP in serum and urine from 15 normal controls and 30 diabetics (14 with urinary excretion rate of albumin, Ualb less than 15 micrograms/min, group A; nine with 15 less than or equal to Ualb less than or equal to 150 micrograms/min, group B; and seven with Ualb greater than 150 micrograms/min, group C). The mean serum concentration of GP was above normal in all groups of diabetics, and the mean glycation ratios of serum protein (SGP) were higher in groups B and C than in normal subjects. Urinary concentrations of GP also were increased in groups B and C, although the glycation ratio of urinary protein (UGP) was decreased in group C. Consequently, the selectivity of urinary excretion of GP (UGP/SGP) was significantly decreased in group C. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean values of selectivity between groups of patients with various degrees of retinopathy. We suggest that measurements of serum and urinary GP are useful to evaluate the progression of diabetic complications.

Oxytocin may play a role in the control of the human corpus luteum

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
R. Tweedale ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

The effects of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle were studied. Oxytocin at a concentration of 4 mi.u./ml produced a slight increase in basal progesterone production. However, higher oxytocin concentrations (400 and 800 mi.u./ml) markedly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced progesterone production. These data provide evidence for an effect of oxytocin on the human corpus luteum. In view of the inhibitory action of oxytocin, increased secretion of this hormone may be important in the demise of the corpus luteum at the end of the menstrual cycle.

Isotope Studies in Normal and Diseased Knee Joints: 99mTc Uptake Related to Clinical Assessment and to Synovial Perfusion Measured by the 133Xe Clearance Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Dick ◽  
S. D. Deodhar ◽  
Carol J. Provan ◽  
G. Nuki ◽  
W. W. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
133Xe Clearance ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
The Mean

1. Uptake of intravenously administered radioactive technetium (99mTc) was measured over the knee joints in normal human volunteers, in patients with osteoarthritis and in groups of synovectomized and unoperated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The uptake was compared with clinical indices of inflammation (pain, tenderness swelling and stiffness), and the clearance rate of intra-articularly injected radioactive xenon (133Xe). The 99mTc uptakes were found to be unrelated to the isotope dose and the day-to-day reproducibility was acceptable. 2. The mean uptake of 99mTc was within normal limits in osteoarthritis. Both in synovectomized and in unoperated rheumatoid arthritis 99mTc uptake was significantly higher than in normal subjects. 3. Of the clinical indices studied significant correlation of 99mTc uptake was found with pain and swelling in all groups of patients studied. 4. Faster clearance of 133Xe in unoperated rheumatoid arthritis correlated well with the higher 99mTc uptakes. 5. The results confirm that 99mTc uptakes are raised in inflammatory arthritis but not in degenerative arthritis. The relation of 99mTc uptake to the clinical indices of inflammation and to the 133Xe clearance from the joint is discussed.

Concentration of glucocorticoid receptor sites in normal human lymphocytes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Steiner ◽  
J L Wittliff
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We used a whole-cell glucocorticoid receptor assay to examine characteristics of the glucocorticoid receptor in the lymphocytes of normal human donors. We measured binding of [3H]dexamethasone to the lymphocytes of four different donors on several different occasions; the variation about the mean for the assays was +/- 15%. Whole-cell assays in 15 normal subjects showed a mean value of 6.18 fmol/10(6) cells or 3722 sites per cell, with a somewhat higher level in men (7.67 fmol/10(6) cells, or 4620 sites per cell) than women (4.48 fmol/10(6) cells, or 2698 sites per cell). We saw no correlation between donor age and receptor values, in either group. Assays in which we used [3H]prednisolone demonstrated similar binding properties as with [3H]dexamethasone. The mean glucocorticoid receptor value for normal human T-cells from three donors was 2.52 fmol/10(6) cells, or 1518 sites per cell.

OVULATION INHIBITION WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Friedrich ◽  
P. Kemeter ◽  
H. Salzer ◽  
G. Breitenecker
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Ovulation Inhibition ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Secretory Endometrium

ABSTRACT Eight women with regular menstrual cycles were treated daily during 9 cycles with HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin) 3000 or 5000 IU daily for a period of 4–7 days. This treatment was started between the 1st and the 6th day after the onset of menstruation. Control of the treatment cycles was performed by basal body temperature, pregnanediol serial estimations, endometrial biopsies and in addition in 5 treatment cycles by radio-immunological assay of oestradiol-17β (Oe2), progesterone, LH and FSH from the serum at intervals of 1 to 3 days. In 6 of these cycles where treatment started on the 4th day or later, ovulation was inhibited (2 cycles) or postponed (4 cycles) to the 24th–46th day. In these 6 treatment cycles the progesterone and pregnanediol increase during HCG treatment was poor or absent. The typical Oe2 increase of the normal menstrual cycle was impaired. In the 3 remaining cycles where treatment was started on the 1st, 2nd and 4th day, we observed during HCG treatment increases in Oe2 and progesterone serum values similar to that found during corpus luteum activity, and menstruation from a secretory endometrium between the 13th–19th day of the cycle. The histologically examined ovaries of one woman who was treated with HCG from the 2nd to the 6th day of the cycle showed distinct Iuteinization of the theca interna of all tertiary follicles and a beginning degeneration of the granulosa. These findings give support to the hypothesis that the luteinization of the theca interna leads to degeneration of the tertiary follicles thereby causing ovulation inhibition or postponement of ovulation.

Platelet catecholamines and platelet function in normal human subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Wilson ◽  
C. C. T. Smith ◽  
B. N. C. Prichard ◽  
D. J. Betteridge
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Local Release

1. We have used high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to measure plasma and platelet catecholamines in 24 normal subjects. 2. In the same subjects platelet function was assessed by measuring platelet aggregation in response to adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate, thrombin, adrenaline and collagen. Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin was also examined. 3. Platelet noradrenaline showed a positive correlation with extent of aggregation induced by ‘low-dose’ collagen (1 μg/ml). No correlation was seen at the higher collagen concentration. 4. Platelet noradrenaline content also correlated with sensitivity of platelets to prostacyclin. High platelet noradrenaline concentrations appeared to result in decreased sensitivity to prostacyclin. 5. No other correlations were observed. 6. These data suggest that platelet noradrenaline rather than plasma levels may be involved in modifying platelet function in vivo. Local release of platelet catecholamines may affect the platelet/vessel wall interaction, the primary physiological step in platelet activation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document