RENIN, CORTISOL AND PLASMA VOLUME IN MARINE TELEOST FISHES ADAPTED TO DILUTE MEDIA

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROKO NISHIMURA ◽  
W. H. SAWYER ◽  
R. F. NIGRELLI
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
American Eels

SUMMARY The renin–angiotensin system has been found in teleost fishes from both marine and freshwater environments. In an attempt to define whether activity of the renin–angiotensin system is related to sodium balance in fishes, we transferred two euryhaline teleosts from seawater to hypo-osmotic media. Plasma renin activity decreased in American eels, Anguilla rostrata, after they were transferred from seawater to fresh water, and it did not change in the aglomerular toadfish, Opsanus tau, after transfer from 50% seawater to 5% seawater. Plasma sodium concentrations decreased significantly in toadfish in 5% seawater and in one group of eels in fresh water. Plasma levels of cortisol, a major mineralocorticoid in teleosts, and plasma volume, measured in eels, remained relatively constant. There are no clear correlations between plasma renin levels and those of plasma sodium or plasma cortisol. These results provide no evidence that the need of these fishes to conserve sodium when in hypo-osmotic media stimulates the renin–angiotensin system.

Independence of salt intake induced by calcium deprivation from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. R492-R499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tordoff ◽  
D. M. Pilchak ◽  
R. L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

We investigated whether the elevated NaCl intake shown by calcium-deprived rats is mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. First, we looked for manifestations of altered renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity during the progression of calcium deficiency. There were no differences between control and calcium-deprived rats in plasma aldosterone concentrations, plasma renin activity, plasma sodium concentrations, sodium balance, or blood pressure. Second, we used selective pharmacological antagonists to examine whether disruption of the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system influenced salt intake. Blockade of aldosterone receptors with spironolactone (25 mg.kg-1 x day-1 sc for 7 days) had no effect on NaCl intake of control or calcium-deprived rats. Angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade with losartan potassium (0.5-10 mg/kg orally) had no effect on NaCl intake of control or calcium-deprived rats but doses > 0.5 mg/kg decreased NaCl intake of adrenalectomized rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system does not mediate the increased NaCl intake produced by calcium deficiency. The appetite for salt produced by calcium deficiency involves a different physiological substrate from most other models of NaCl intake.

Studies on the Renin-Angiotensin System in a Kininogen-Deficient Individual

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Y. Wong ◽  
Gordon H. Williams ◽  
Robert W. Colman
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Normal Individuals

1. The physiological responses of the renin-angiotensin system were studied in an individual with kininogen deficiency (patient 1) with absent plasma bradykinin and markedly impaired prekallikrein conversion into kallikrein. After sodium depletion, patient 1 had a low plasma renin activity (1.4 pmol of ANG I h−1 ml−1) and a low angiotensin II concentration (36 pg/ml) compared with values in 11 normal individuals (4.0 ± 0.94 pmol of ANG I h−1 ml−1) and 63 ±6 pg/ml respectively). 2. Unlike normal individuals, in the kininogen-deficient subject there was no significant fall of renin activity or angiotensin II after dietary sodium repletion. Intravenous sodium repletion also failed to further decrease plasma renin activity or angiotensin II. 3. The usual two- to three-fold rise in plasma renin activity and angiotensin II observed in normal subjects on assumption of the upright posture after ingestion of 200 mg of sodium/day failed to occur in the kininogen-deficient individual. 4. These data in vivo are in agreement with observations in vitro that once plasma kallikrein forms it may be important in converting prorenin into renin. In the absence of kininogen, activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein is grossly defective, which may in part account for the diminished response of the renin-angiotensin system to changes in sodium balance and posture.

The Renin Angiotensin System and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Guimarães Barbosa ◽  
Giulia Campos Ferreira ◽  
Diomildo Ferreira Andrade Júnior ◽  
Cássio Rocha Januário ◽  
André Rolim Belisário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Angiotensin Receptors ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Search Terms

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic a multifactorial psychiatric illness that affects mood, cognition, and functioning. BD is associated with several psychiatric conditions as well clinical comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The neurobiology of BD is complex and multifactorial and several systems have been implicated. Considering that the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases and that recently evidence has suggested its role in psychiatric disorders, the aim of the present study is to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in BD. A systematic search of the literature using the electronic databases MEDLINE and LILACS was conducted through March 2019. The search terms were: “Bipolar Disorder”; “Renin Angiotensin System”; “Angiotensin 2”; “Angiotensin receptors”; “Angiotensin 1-7”; “ACE”; “ACE2”; “Mas Receptor”. We included original studies assessing RAS in BD patients. Two hundred twenty-two citations were initially retrieved. Eleven studies were included in our systematic review. In the majority of studies (6 of 8), the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism did not differ between BD patients and controls. BD patients presented higher plasma renin activity in comparison with controls. The studies evaluating the RAS molecules in BD are very scarce and heterogeneous. The literature suggests a potential role of RAS in BD. Further studies are necessary to investigate this relationship.

Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Water Extract of Danshen on Renovascular Hypertension Through Inhibition of the Renin Angiotensin System

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Gill Kang ◽  
Yong Gab Yun ◽  
Jang Hyun Ryoo ◽  
Ho Sub Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Ace Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

A study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of anti-hypertensive effects of Danshen in the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt renovascular hypertensive model, which is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-dependent hypertensive model. We investigated the effects of water extracts of Danshen on the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and hormone levels in the plasma of 2K1C rats. ACE activity was inhibited by the addition of Danshen extract in a dose-dependent manner. SBP was decreased significantly after administration of Danshen extract in 2K1C, whereas plasma renin activity (PRA) was not changed. The plasma concentration of aldosterone (PAC) was decreased significantly in 2K1C group administered with Danshen extract, whereas the plasma concentration of ANP was increased by administration of Danshen extract for three weeks. These results suggest that Danshen has an anti-hypertensive effect through the inhibition of ACE, an essential regulatory enzyme of RAS.

Renin-angiotensin system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. H409-H416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shibota ◽  
A. Nagaoka ◽  
A. Shino ◽  
T. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

The development of malignant hypertension was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) kept on 1% NaCl as drinking water. Along with salt-loading, blood pressure gradually increased and reached a severe hypertensive level (greater than 230 mmHg), which was followed by increases in urinary protein (greater than 100 (mg/250 g body wt)/day) and plasma renin concentration (PRC, from 18.9 +/- 0.1 to 51.2 +/- 19.4 (ng/ml)/h, mean +/- SD). At this stage, renal small arteries and arterioles showed severe sclerosis and fibrinoid necrosis. Stroke was observed within a week after the onset of these renal abnormalities. The dose of exogenous angiotensin II (AII) producing 30 mmHg rise in blood pressure increased with the elevation of PRC, from 22 +/- 12 to 75 +/- 36 ng/kg, which was comparable to that in rats on water. The fall of blood pressure due to an AII inhibitor, [1-sarcosine, 8-alanine]AII (10(microgram/kg)/min for 40 min) became more prominent with the increase in PRC in salt-loaded rats, but was not detected in rats on water. These findings suggest that the activation of renin-angiotensin system participates in malignant hypertension of salt-loaded stroke-prone SHR rats that show stroke signs, proteinuria, hyperreninemia, and renovascular changes.

Prevention of experimental cyclosporin-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. F491-F499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Burdmann ◽  
T. F. Andoh ◽  
C. C. Nast ◽  
A. Evan ◽  
B. A. Connors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Angiotensin Blockade

The pathogenesis of renal scarring in chronic cyclosporin nephropathy is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade by enalapril and losartan in a salt-dependent model of cyclosporin-associated chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Rats kept on normal or low-salt diet were given cyclosporin, cyclosporin+enalapril, cyclosporin+losartan, cyclosporin+enalapril#losartan, or vehicle for 14 and 28 days. Cyclosporin reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rats fed either diet, but only salt-depleted animals developed significant TIF. Cyclosporin also impaired renal concentrating ability and caused tubular enzymuria. Renin-angiotensin system blockade decreased blood pressure (BP) and promoted afferent arteriolar vasodilatation. Losartan reduced plasma renin activity and prevented cyclosporin-induced increment of cortical alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA. Renin-angiotensin blockade did not improve GFR and tubular function; however, it strikingly prevented TIF development, even in presence of very low BP. Rats treated with cyclosporin, hydralazine, and furosemide achieved BP values similar to losartan or enalapril groups, but there was no protection against interstitial fibrosis development. These results suggest that cyclosporin-related chronic interstitial injury is mediated by angiotensin II and that the mechanisms promoting the interstitial scarring can be dissociated from glomerular and tubular dysfunction in cyclosporin nephropathy.

The Plasma Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
S. L. Sipes ◽  
C. P. Weiner ◽  
T. M. Gellhaus ◽  
J. D. Goodspeed
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

What Stimulates the Renin—Angiotensin System in Rats with two-Kidney Renal Hypertension?

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
Y. Takata ◽  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
M. Veroni ◽  
S. G. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
The One ◽  
Renin Content

1. Blood pressure, the hypotensive effect of captopril, plasma renin activity, renal renin content and kidney weight were measured in the two-kidney—one-clip model, the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with the ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated in rats. The ureteric ligation was performed to abolish urinary excretion from the contralateral kidney in the two-kidney—one-clip model. 2. The development of hypertension after renal artery constriction was earlier and greater in the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated than in the two-kidney—one-clip model. A single oral dose of captopril produced a greater fall in blood pressure in both the two-kidney models than in the one-kidney—one-clip group. 3. Plasma renin activity and renal renin content of the clipped kidney were higher in the two-kidney model rats, whether or not the ureter had been ligated, than in the one-kidney—one-clip model animals, although more than half the rats from the two-kidney model had normal values. There was a significant correlation between plasma renin activity and the response to captopril in all groups, whereas in none of the three groups was the correlation between plasma renin activity and blood pressure significant. 4. The clipped kidney had a higher renin content than did the contralateral kidney, and the weight of the ischaemic kidney was decreased compared with the contralateral kidney whether it was untouched or had its ureter ligated. The weight of the clipped kidney was in the order one-kidney—one-clip model > two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated > two-kidney—one-clip model. 5. It was concluded that the renin-angiotensin system was stimulated to the similar degree in some animals for the two-kidney—one-clip models, whether or not the ureter of the contralateral kidney had been ligated, compared with the one-kidney—one-clip animals. This finding suggests that the contralateral kidney can stimulate renin secretion and synthesis in the clipped kidney independently of Na+ excretion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document