scholarly journals Retinol has specific effects on binding of thyrotrophin to cultured porcine thyrocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonore Fröhlich ◽  
Anja Witke ◽  
Barbara Czarnocka ◽  
Richard Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Iodine 125

Retinoids are potential candidates for the treatment of thyroid cancer. However, one of the disadvantages of these substances is their dedifferentiating effect on normal non-transformed thyrocytes. To identify conditions under which no dedifferentiating effect of retinol on normal thyrocytes can be observed, we determined iodide uptake, protein iodination, expression of sodium–iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA and protein, and the binding of iodine-125-labelled bTSH in cultured porcine thyrocytes. Combination of TSH and ≤6.5 μM retinol increased iodide uptake and protein iodination compared with TSH alone over the entire incubation time, whereas TSH plus ≥13 μM retinol increased the uptake of iodine-125 only during the first 12 h but decreased it after 30 h and longer. After ≥30 h incubation times with ≥13 μM retinol, the fraction of apoptotic cells was enhanced and proliferation decreased. The incubation with retinol enhanced the binding of [125I]bTSH to thyrocytes, but did not influence expression of the NIS. With low retinol concentrations, the effect on the binding of TSH apparently predominated and retinol increased thyroid function; with higher concentrations the pro-apoptotic effect of retinol overlapped and a two-phased time course resulted. It can be concluded that low concentrations of retinol also exert differentiating effects in normal thyrocytes.

scholarly journals Hydrocortisone and Purinergic Signaling Stimulate Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS)-Mediated Iodide Transport in Breast Cancer Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Dohán ◽  
Antonio De la Vieja ◽  
Nancy Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates a remarkably effective targeted radioiodide therapy in thyroid cancer; this approach is an emerging candidate for treating other cancers that express NIS, whether endogenously or by exogenous gene transfer. Thus far, the only extrathyroidal malignancy known to express functional NIS endogenously is breast cancer. Therapeutic efficacy in thyroid cancer requires that radioiodide uptake be maximized in tumor cells by manipulating well-known regulatory factors of NIS expression in thyroid cells, such as TSH, which stimulates NIS expression via cAMP. Similarly, therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer will likely depend on manipulating NIS regulation in mammary cells, which differs from that in the thyroid. Human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells modestly express endogenous NIS when treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (tRa). We report here that hydrocortisone and ATP each markedly stimulates tRa-induced NIS protein expression and plasma membrane targeting in MCF-7 cells, leading to at least a 100% increase in iodide uptake. Surprisingly, the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin, which promotes NIS expression in thyroid cells, markedly decreases tRa-induced NIS protein expression in MCF-7 cells. Isobutylmethylxanthine increases tRa-induced NIS expression in MCF-7 cells, probably through a purinergic signaling system independent of isobutylmethylxanthine’s action as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. We also observed that neither iodide, which at high concentrations down-regulates NIS in the thyroid, nor cAMP has a significant effect on NIS expression in MCF-7 cells. Our findings may open new strategies for breast-selective pharmacological modulation of functional NIS expression, thus improving the feasibility of using radioiodide to effectively treat breast cancer.

scholarly journals Sodium/iodide symporter: a key transport system in thyroid cancer cell metabolism

1999 ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Filetti ◽  
JM Bidart ◽  
F Arturi ◽  
B Caillou ◽  
D Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Nis Gene ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Cells

The recent cloning of the gene encoding the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) has enabled better characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying iodide transport, thus opening the way to clarifying its role in thyroid diseases. Several studies, at both the mRNA and the protein expression levels, have demonstrated that TSH, the primary regulator of iodide uptake, upregulates NIS gene expression and NIS protein abundance, both in vitro and in vivo. However, other factors, including iodide, retinoic acid, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1alpha and tumour necrosis factor alpha, may participate in the regulation of NIS expression. Investigation of NIS mRNA expression in different thyroid tissues has revealed increased levels of expression in Graves' disease and toxic adenomas, whereas a reduction or loss of NIS transcript was detected in differentiated thyroid carcinomas, despite the expression of other specific thyroid markers. NIS mRNA was also detected in non-thyroid tissues able to concentrate radioiodine, including salivary glands, stomach, thymus and breast. The production of specific antibodies against the NIS has facilitated study of the expression of the symporter protein. Despite of the presence of high levels of human (h)NIS mRNA, normal thyroid glands exhibit a heterogeneous expression of NIS protein, limited to the basolateral membrane of the thyrocytes. By immunohistochemistry, staining of hNIS protein was stronger in Graves' and toxic adenomas and reduced in thyroid carcinomas. Measurement of iodide uptake by thyroid cancer cells is the cornerstone of the follow-up and treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. However, radioiodide uptake is found only in about 67% of patients with persistent or recurrent disease. Several studies have demonstrated a decrease in or a loss of NIS expression in primary human thyroid carcinomas, and immunohistochemical studies have confirmed this considerably decreased expression of the NIS protein in thyroid cancer tissues, suggesting that the low expression of NIS may represent an early abnormality in the pathway of thyroid cell transformation, rather than being a consequence of cancer progression. The relationship between radioiodine uptake and NIS expression by thyroid cancer cells require further study. New strategies, based on manipulation of NIS expression, to obtain NIS gene reactivation or for use as NIS gene therapy in the treatment of radiosensitive cancer, are also being investigated.

scholarly journals Taking Advantage of the TGFB1 Biology in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer to Stimulate Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS)-Mediated Iodide Uptake in Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A1033-A1033
Author(s):  
Yang Han ◽  
Viktoria F Koehler ◽  
Nathalie Schwenk ◽  
Kathrin A Schmohl ◽  
Rebekka Spellerberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Nis Gene

Abstract The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates the active transport of iodide into thyroid follicular cells, providing the basis for the use of radioiodide for diagnostic imaging and therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer and also non-thyroidal tumors after tumor-selective NIS gene transfer. Based on their excellent tumor-homing capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be employed as tumor-selective NIS gene delivery vehicles. Transgenic expression of NIS in genetically engineered MSCs allows noninvasive imaging of functional NIS expression as well as therapeutic application of 131I. The use of promoters activated by tumor micromilieu-derived signals to drive NIS expression enhances selectivity and effectiveness, while limiting potential off-target effects. In this study we aimed to exploit the central role of transforming growth factor B1 (TGFB1) in tumor milieu-associated signaling using a TGFB1-inducible synthetic SMAD-responsive promoter to selectively drive NIS-transgene expression in engineered MSCs (SMAD-NIS-MSC) in the context of differentiated thyroid cancer based on the critical role of TGFB1 in the pathogenesis of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. To evaluate the TGFB1 expression in thyroid cancer cell lines, the TGFB1 concentration in conditioned medium (CM) from an array of established human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines (BCPAP and K1) was measured by ELISA. BCPAP-CM showed a higher concentration of TGFB1, while a lower concentration was measured in K1-CM. Stimulation of SMAD-NIS-MSCs with PTC-CM showed a significant increase of NIS-mediated radioiodide-125 uptake in these MSCs in vitro. In addition, iodide uptake in SMAD-NIS-MSCs was significantly stimulated by co-culture with thyroid cancer cells. Cell migration assay was performed to validate the effect of PTC-CM in MSC recruitment. MSCs subjected to a gradient between tumor CM and serum free medium showed a directed chemotaxis towards CM with increased forward migration index (FMI) and center of mass (CoM). In a next step, based on the in vitro studies, SMAD-NIS-MSCs will be systemically applied via the tail vein to mice harboring subcutaneous PTC tumors and tumoral iodide uptake will be monitored by 123I-scintigraphy. Taken together, these data indicate the feasibility of commandeering TGF-β/SMAD signaling in the TGFB1-rich tumor environments of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas to re-establish functional NIS expression using engineered mesenchymal stem cells as therapy vehicles.

scholarly journals Enhancement of sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid and breast cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kogai ◽  
K Taki ◽  
G A Brent
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nis Gene ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide uptake in the thyroid gland and lactating breast. NIS mRNA and protein expression are detected in most thyroid cancer specimens, although functional iodide uptake is usually reduced resulting in the characteristic finding of a ‘cold’ or non-functioning lesion on a radioiodine image. Iodide uptake after thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation, however, is sufficient in most differentiated thyroid cancer to utilize β-emitting radioactive iodide for the treatment of residual and metastatic disease. Elevated serum TSH, achieved by thyroid hormone withdrawal in athyreotic patients or after recombinant human thyrotropin administration, directly stimulates NIS gene expression and/or NIS trafficking to the plasma membrane, increasing radioiodide uptake. Approximately 10–20% differentiated thyroid cancers, however, do not express the NIS gene despite TSH stimulation. These tumors are generally associated with a poor prognosis. Reduced NIS gene expression in thyroid cancer is likely due in part, to impaired trans-activation at the proximal promoter and/or the upstream enhancer. Basal NIS gene expression is detected in about 80% breast cancer specimens, but the fraction with functional iodide transport is relatively low. Lactogenic hormones and various nuclear hormone receptor ligands increase iodide uptake in breast cancer cells in vitro, but TSH has no effect. A wide range of ‘differentiation’ agents have been utilized to stimulate NIS expression in thyroid and breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo models, and a few have been used in clinical studies. Retinoic acid has been used to stimulate NIS expression in both thyroid and breast cancer. There are similarities and differences in NIS gene regulation and expression in thyroid and breast cancer. The various agents used to enhance NIS expression in thyroid and breast cancer will be reviewed with a focus on the mechanism of action. Agents that promote tumor differentiation, or directly stimulate NIS gene expression, may result in iodine concentration in ‘scan-negative’ thyroid cancer and some breast cancer.

Identification of novel sodium iodide symporter (NIS) interactors which modulate iodide uptake

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fletcher ◽  
Vikki Poole ◽  
Bhavika Modasia ◽  
Waraporn Imruetaicharoenchoke ◽  
Rebecca Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake

Identification of novel sodium iodide symporter interactors which modulate iodide uptake

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fletcher ◽  
Vikki Poole ◽  
Bhavika Modasia ◽  
Waraporn Imruetaicharoenchoke ◽  
Rebecca Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Iodide Uptake

An investigation into sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) dimerization and its impact on radioiodide uptake in thyroid cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Thompson ◽  
Alice Fletcher ◽  
Hannah Nieto ◽  
Mohammed Alshahrani ◽  
Katie Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter

scholarly journals Rapid regulation of thyroid sodium–iodide symporter activity by thyrotrophin and iodine

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C F Ferreira ◽  
Lívia P Lima ◽  
Renata L Araújo ◽  
Glaucia Müller ◽  
Renata P Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Serum Tsh

Transport of iodide into thyrocytes, a fundamental step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, depends on the presence of the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS). The importance of the NIS for diagnosis and treatment of diseases has raised several questions about its physiological control. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of thyroid iodine content on NIS regulation by thyrotrophin (TSH) in vivo. We showed that 15-min thyroid radioiodine uptake can be a reliable measurement of NIS activity in vivo. The effect of TSH on the NIS was evaluated in rats treated with 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI; hypothyroid with high serum TSH concentrations) for 21 days, and after 1 (R1d), 2 (R2d), or 5 (R5d) days of withdrawal of MMI. NIS activity was significantly greater in both MMI and R1d rats. In R2d and R5d groups, thyroid iodide uptake returned to normal values, despite continuing high serum TSH, possibly as a result of the re-establishment of iodine organification after withdrawal of MMI. Excess iodine (0.05% NaI for 6 days) promoted a significant reduction in thyroid radioiodide uptake, an effect that was blocked by concomitant administration of MMI, confirming previous findings that iodine organification is essential for the iodide transport blockade seen during iodine overload. Therefore, our data show that modulation of the thyroid NIS by TSH depends primarily on thyroid iodine content and, further, that the regulation of NIS activity is rapid.

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