scholarly journals The effect of heat stress on some main spike traits in 12 wheat cultivars at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Ankica Kondić Špika ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

High temperature decreases winter wheat grain yield by reducing the grain number and grain weight. The effect of heat stress on spike grain distribution and weight of individual grains within spike and spikelets was less studied. Our aim is to identify influence of high temperatures during different phenological stages on spike grain distribution and weight and to explore genotypic variation of the studied wheat cultivars. Within this study, a controlled experiment was conducted with 12 different winter wheat cultivars under heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage. The results showed that spike grain weight, thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike decreased moderately in treatments with individual heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling period, respectively, which decreased severely in the multiple heat stressed plants at both stages compared with the control treatment. Heat stress decreased number of spikelets with grains. Grain weight at the G1, G2 and G3 positions had a positive relationship with spike grain weight. Among the studied Serbian wheat cultivars Subotičanka and Renesansa were identified as the most heat tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Heat tolerance of the studied cultivars should be based on the cultivar capacity to retain higher grain weight, and to maintain production of distal spikelet grains.

scholarly journals Detrimental effects of heat stress on grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are aggravated by decreased relative humidity

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11218
Author(s):  
Haoliang Yan ◽  
Chunhu Wang ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Xiaohai Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

There is concern over the impact of global warming on rice production due increased heat stress, coupled with decreased relative humidity (RH). It is unknown how rice yield and quality are affected by heat stress and decreased RH during the grain filling stage. We conducted experiments in controlled growth chambers on six rice cultivars, varying in heat tolerance using 12 combinative treatments of three factors: two RH levels (75% and 85%), three temperature levels (the daily maximum temperature at 33 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C), and two durations (8 d and 15 d after anthesis). Results showed that RH75% with temperature treatments significantly reduced grain weight, which was higher than RH85%. The same trend was also observed for both head rice rate and chalkiness. R168 was the most heat-tolerant cultivar, but it still had some differences in grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness between the two RH regimes. The lower RH was most detrimental at 35 °C, and to a lesser extent at 33 °C, but had a negligible effect at 37 °C. Our results provide a better understanding of temperature and RH’s interaction effects on rice quality during the grain filling stage, suggesting that RH should be considered in heat tolerance screening and identification to facilitate rice breeding and genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Variation of 13C and 15N enrichments in different plant components of labeled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7738
Author(s):  
Zhaoan Sun ◽  
Shuxia Wu ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Information on the homogeneity and distribution of 13carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) labeling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of 13C and 15N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with 13C and 15N was performed on non-nitrogen fertilized (−N) and nitrogen fertilized (+N, 250 kg N ha−1) plants at the elongation and grain filling stages. Aboveground parts of wheat were destructively sampled at 28 days after labeling. As winter wheat growth progressed, δ13C values of wheat ears increased significantly, whereas those of leaves and stems decreased significantly. At the elongation stage, N addition tended to reduce the aboveground δ13C values through dilution of C uptake. At the two stages, upper (newly developed) leaves were more highly enriched with 13C compared with that of lower (aged) leaves. Variability between individual wheat plants and among pots at the grain filling stage was smaller than that at the elongation stage, especially for the −N treatment. Compared with those of 13C labeling, differences in 15N excess between aboveground components (leaves and stems) under 15N labeling conditions were much smaller. We conclude that non-N fertilization and labeling at the grain filling stage may produce more uniformly 13C-labeled wheat materials, whereas the materials were more highly 13C-enriched at the elongation stage, although the δ13C values were more variable. The 15N-enriched straw tissues via urea fertilization were more uniformly labeled at the grain filling stage compared with that at the elongation stage.

scholarly journals Effect of two‐week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves, senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schittenhelm ◽  
Tina Langkamp‐Wedde ◽  
Martin Kraft ◽  
Lorenz Kottmann ◽  
Katja Matschiner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Reserves

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Density on Grain Number and Grain Weight at Different Spikelets and Grain Positions in Winter Wheat Cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1883
Author(s):  
Hui-Juan QU ◽  
Jin-Cai LI ◽  
Xue-Shan SHEN ◽  
Ru-Yi LI ◽  
Feng-Zhen WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on psbA Expression at Grain Filling Stage in Two Wheat Cultivars Under Drought Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1377
Author(s):  
Yue-Xia WANG ◽  
Biao SUO ◽  
Peng-Fei ZHAO ◽  
Xiao-Fei QU ◽  
Li-Gang YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals The expression of the gene associated with β-glucan content, β-amylase and limit dextrinase synthesis as affected by post-heading heat stress in barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjing Ni ◽  
Huifang Zhao ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Limit Dextrinase ◽  
Malt Barley ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background: Malt barley shows a dramatic deterioration of malt quality when exposed to heat or high temperature stress during grain-filling stage (post heading), and global change results in the more frequent occurrence of high temperature, posing a severe threat to high-quality malt barley production. In a previous study, we found heat stress during grain-filling stage caused the significant reduction of kernel weight, and the significant increase of protein and β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD) activities, and the effect varied with barley genotypes and the time of heat stress exposure.Results: In this study, we determined the relative expressions of HvCslF6 and HvCslF9 for β-glucan, HvBmy1 for β-amylase and LD gene for limit dextrinase of two barley cultivars（ZU9 and Hua30）under the two heat stress (HS) treatments (32/26℃, day/night), initiated from the 7th day (early grain-filling stage) and the14th day (middle grain-filling stage) after heading. In comparison with normal temperature (24/18℃, day/night), HS treatments significantly up-regulated the relative expression of all four genes, and Hua30 being larger than ZU9. The change pattern of each examined gene for the two barley genotypes under heat stress treatments is completely consistent with that of corresponding malt quality trait as affected by heat stress.Conclusion: The results indicate that the enhancement of β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities under high temperature during grain filling stage is at least in part attributed to increased expression of the relevant genes.

scholarly journals Genotypic variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat: Association with grain weight

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Joudi
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Days After Anthesis

There is little information on genotype variations for photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during early development of endosperm in wheat. Eighty-one wheat cultivars were examined in the Moghan region of Iran during 2010-2011 and 2013-2014 growing seasons. The amount and rate of photoassimilates partitioning to the grains were measured in the tested cultivars during anthesis-16 days after anthesis (DAA) and 16 DAA-maturity phases using time dependent changes in spike dry weight. There were substantial genetic variations in the amount and rate of partitioned photoassimilates to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases. Part of these variations could be attributed to cultivars differences in anthesis time, spike dry weight at anthesis, and grain number per spike. Taking them into accounts, there were some cultivars but they differed in partitioned photoassimilates toward grains during anthesis-16 DAA and 16 DAA-maturity phases, further supporting the idea that breeding for photoassimilates partitioning during these phases was a possibility. The results yielded for 2013-2014 showed that there is close association between photoassimilates partitioning to the grain during anthesis-16 DAA and individual grain weight. The results suggest that in case wheat breeders could improve photoassimilates partitioning to the grains during anthesis-16 DAA, it would result in increased grain size and weight in the wheat.

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