scholarly journals Trends in youth e-cigarette and cigarette use between 2013 and 2019: insights from repeat cross-sectional data from the COMPASS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Cole ◽  
Sarah Aleyan ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Objectives E-cigarettes are an increasingly popular product among youth in Canada. However, there is a lack of long-term data presenting trends in use. As such, the objective of this study was to examine trends in e-cigarette and cigarette use across various demographic characteristics between 2013 and 2019 among a large sample of secondary school youth in Canada. Methods Using repeat cross-sectional data from a non-probability sample of students in grades 9 to 12, this study explored trends in the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking between 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Trends in ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking were studied across demographic variables among students in Ontario. Results The prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use was variable across province and increased over time, particularly between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. In contrast, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was relatively stable over the study period, decreasing significantly in Alberta and Ontario between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. In Ontario, the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use increased among all grades, both genders, and all ethnicities. Conclusion Consistent with data from the United States, the prevalence of e-cigarette use among our large sample of Canadian youth has increased substantially in a short period of time. Surveillance systems should continue to monitor the prevalence of tobacco use among youth. Additional interventions may be necessary to curb e-cigarette use among Canadian youth.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Current Cigarette Smoking Status: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High Education ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Cigarette

Introduction: Although socioeconomic status (SES) resources influence population and individual health behaviors, socially marginalized groups gain significantly less health from their SES indicators, such as education and income, compared to the socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). However, most of the MDRs literature is derived from studies that have defined marginalization based on race and ethnicity. As a result, more research is needed on MDRs due to immigration. To extend what is known about MDRs due to immigration, the current study compared a national sample of immigrants and non-immigrants for the effects of education and income on current cigarette smoking of adults in the United States. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) enrolled 14,149 individuals who were either immigrants (n=1977; 14.0%) or non-immigrants (n=12,166; 86.0%). The independent variables (IV) were education and income that were treated as categorical variables. The dependent variable was current cigarette smoking. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, employment, and region were confounders. Immigration was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: High education and income were associated with lower odds of current cigarette smoking. However, immigration showed significant statistical interactions with both education and income. These interactions were suggestive of smaller protective effects of high education and income on current cigarette smoking for immigrant than non-immigrant adults. Conclusion: In line with the MDRs, the effects of education and income on tobacco use is weaker for immigrant than non-immigrant adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking among Greek adolescents: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2013 study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034760 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Anastasia Barbouni ◽  
Athanasios Basagiannis ◽  
Antonis Katsioulis ◽  
Konstantinos Kostikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette

ObjectivesSmoking prevalence in Greece is considered high within the European Union and the collection of evidence on tobacco use among adolescents is of vital importance in order to develop effective smoking prevention and cessation programmes.DesignCross-sectional.SettingGreece.Primary and secondary outcome measuresGlobal Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a national representative, paper-and-pencil, cross-sectional, school-based study of students at ages 13–15 years. The survey employed a multistage cluster sample design with schools selected proportional to enrolment size. Finally, 4618/5127 students aged 13–15 years participated in the survey. The school response rate was 98.1%, the student response rate was 90.1% and the overall response rate was 88.4%.ResultsThe prevalence of current cigarette smoking was estimated at 10.1% (10.4% in GYTS 2005) and of exposure to secondhand smoking in public places at 67.4% (94.1% in GYTS 2005). The vast majority of the adolescents (82.1%) supported the banning of smoking inside enclosed public places. Most of the current smokers (90.8%) were not prevented/refused purchase because of their age according to existing law. Multivariate analysis showed that peer influence (OR=48.32; 95% CI 36.2 to 64.48), pocket money (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.41), increasing age (OR=2.35; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.39) and low educational level of father (OR=2.82; 95% CI 1.7 to 4.68) were risk factors independently associated with current cigarette smoking.ConclusionsDespite the existence of strict laws related to tobacco control, exposure to secondhand smoking among Greek students remained high even when compared with GYTS in 2005. This is likely a result of weak enforcement, what is really missing is the enforcement of the related legislation.

scholarly journals Smoking characteristics and lung functions among university athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narongkorn Saiphoklang ◽  
Orapan Poachanukoon ◽  
Suchada Soorapan
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
University Athletes

AbstractCigarette smoking has negative effects on the respiratory system, particularly pulmonary functions. This study aimed to determine smoking prevalence and characteristics among university athletes. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Thammasat University athletes in Thailand from July to October 2018. Demographic and smoking data were recorded. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels and lung function data were analysed. A total of 433 subjects (56% men) were included. Mean age was 19.8 ± 1.3 years. Asthma was reported in 5.5%. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 23.8%. Tobacco use was 3.0 ± 3.2 cigarettes per day. The Fagerstrom score for nicotine dependence was 0.76 ± 1.47. Compared to non-smokers, smokers were predominately males (70.6% vs 29.4%, P < 0.001), had higher exhaled CO levels (3.75 ± 3.08 ppm vs 2.18 ± 0.73 ppm, P < 0.001), higher FVC (89.65 ± 17.61% vs 83.22 ± 15.72%, P = 0.001), higher FEV1 (92.60 ± 15.36% vs 87.77 ± 11.23%, P = 0.002), but lower FEV1/FVC (78.21 ± 5.38% vs 79.70 ± 5.60%, P = 0.015). Moreover, athletes who smoke, were more likely to: drink alcohol, have a family member who smokes, have a friend who smokes or have a university instructor who smokes. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among university athletes was relatively high, although low nicotine addiction level and good lung functions were found. Home and institute environments had important influences on cigarette use in students.Trial registration: TCTR20180917001

scholarly journals Comparing the Characteristics of Cigarette Smoking and e-Cigarette and IQOS Use among Adolescents in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Chune Lee ◽  
Li-Chuan Chang ◽  
Chieh Hsu ◽  
Pei-Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Cigarette

Objectives. Our objective in this study was to identify the risk factors for cigarette, e-cigarette, and IQOS use among adolescents in Taiwan, with a particular focus on socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents and peers, cigarette promotions, and anti-tobacco campaigns. Methods. Data were obtained from the 2018 version of the annual cross-sectional Taiwan Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which is used to monitor tobacco use among Taiwanese adolescents in junior and senior high schools. The dependent variables in the study were “current cigarette smoking,” “current use of e-cigarettes,” and “current use of IQOS devices” (i.e., during the 30 days prior to survey completion). Independent variables included gender, school grade, monthly income/allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents, smoking status of close friends, access to free cigarettes, exposure to cigarette advertisements, and attendance at anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used in the identification of factors correlated with the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or IQOS. Results. We determined that 5.65% of the adolescents in the study were currently using cigarettes, 2.74% were currently using e-cigarettes, and 2.33% were currently using IQOS. Our analysis revealed a number of factors that have a bearing on smoking behavior, including gender, monthly allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents and close friends, access to free cigarettes, and exposure to cigarette advertisements. Conclusions. The tobacco product that was most widely used by adolescents was cigarettes, followed by e-cigarettes and IQOS. The socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents/close friends, and access to cigarettes were all identified as important factors related to the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and IQOS by adolescents.

scholarly journals Predicting Prevention of Cigarette Smoking in Youth: Using Multi-Theory Model (MTM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Abasi ◽  
Zahra Sadat Asadi ◽  
Naser Mohammad gholi Mezerji
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Military Services

Abstract Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is the most important cause of death and disability in the world and is a complex behavior that is affected by various factors. This study was aimed to test the ability of MTM to predict preventing CS in youth.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 230 youth who were volunteer to do military services as a soldier were selected by simple random sampling in 2019, western Iran. Data collection were performed by using questionnaire demographic characteristics and MTM constructs of CS. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and Hosmer–Lemeshow test in SPSS 20 software.Results: In this study, the Mean (± SD) age of the participants was 21.13 (±0.89). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking (CCS) and ever cigarette smoking (ECS) was 12.2% and 23%, respectively. The results of the logistic regression test showed that ECS (p< 0.001) and having a family member smoker (p=0.026) were predictor factors for CCS. Sustenance of preventing CS behavior was predicted by constructs of emotional transformation (p=0/006), practice for change (p=0=022), and changes in the social environment (p< 0.001).Conclusions: MTM shows that it is a reliable and useful theory in the sustenance of preventing CS behavior in youth who volunteer to do military services as soldiers. Therefore, this robust theory should be tested in designing, implementing, and evaluating of CS prevention interventions.

scholarly journals Country and gender differences in the association between violence and cigarette smoking among youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh ◽  
Ethel Alderete ◽  
Abdullatif Husseini ◽  
Jennifer Livaudais-Toman ◽  
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to violence in youth may be associated with substance use and other adverse health effects. This study examined cigarette smoking in two middle-income areas with different levels and types of exposure to violence. Methods Association of exposure to verbal and physical violence with cigarette smoking in the West Bank oPt (2008) and in Jujuy Argentina (2006) was examined using cross-sectional surveys of 14 to 17-year old youth in 7th to 10th grade using probabilistic sampling. Results Violence exposure rates were more than double for Palestinian girls (99.6% vs. 41.2%) and boys (98.7% vs. 41.1%) compared with Argentinians. The rate of current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among Argentinian girls compared with Palestinian girls (33.1% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). Exposure to verbal violence from family and to physical violence increased the odds of current cigarette smoking, respectively, among Argentinian girls (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0–1.7; aOR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7–3.8), Palestinian girls (aOR 2.2, 95%CI = 1.1–2.4; aOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1–3.6) and Argentinian boys (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1–2.0; aOR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.6–3.0), but not among Palestinian boys. Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of producing context and gender specific evidence from exposure to violence, to inform and increase the impact of targeted smoking prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cigarette smoking and its predictors among school going adolescents of North India

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durgesh Thakur ◽  
Anmol Gupta ◽  
Anita Thakur ◽  
Salig Ram Mazta ◽  
Deepak Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Free Time ◽  
North India ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Cigarette

Abstract Background: Cigarettes smoking is a common mode of consuming tobacco in India. This habit usually starts in adolescence and tracks across the life course. Interventions like building decision making skills and resisting negative influences are effective in reducing the initiation and level of tobacco use. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of adolescent current cigarette smoking behavior and to investigate the individual and social factors, which influence them both to and not to smoke. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among school going adolescents in Shimla town of North India. After obtaining their written informed consent, a questionnaire was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 11.8%. The binary logistic regression model revealed that parents′ and peers′ smoking behavior influence adolescent smoking behavior. Individual self-harm tendency also significantly predicted cigarette smoking behavior. Parental active participation in keeping a track of their children′s free time activities predicted to protect adolescents from taking this habit. Conclusion: Our research lends support to the need for intervention on restricting adolescents from taking up this habit and becoming another tobacco industries′ addicted customer. Parents who smoke should quit this habit, which will not only restore their own health, but also protect their children. All parents should be counseled to carefully observe their children′s free time activities.

Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Mark G. Myers ◽  
Laura MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Current Knowledge Base

Despite declines in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence, rates remain high, with approximately 11% of high school seniors reporting current cigarette smoking. Moreover, use of other tobacco products has soared, with prevalence of electronic cigarettes and little cigars exceeding that of cigarettes. The present chapter reviews patterns of adolescent cigarette use, other tobacco use, adolescent nicotine dependence, factors associated with the etiology of cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation. Despite decades of research on adolescent smoking cessation, the development and progression of nicotine dependence are just beginning to be understood. Similarly, little is known regarding adolescent smoking cessation. Significant progress has been made in addressing and preventing adolescent cigarette use. However, critical gaps exist in the current knowledge base that must be addressed in order to improve efforts at halting the progression of adolescent nicotine dependence and enhancing interventions for smoking cessation.

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