WEIGHT SYSTEMS OF CIVILIZATIONS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Andrii Zubko
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Long Period ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Common Era

During the 1st millennium BC, states began to emerge in South-East Asia. But in the beginning, no uniform weight measures have been created there. Development of maritime trade with India in the first centuries of Common Era and the resulting cultural influence from India led to the advent of the Indian-type statehood there, which used Indian weight systems along with local measures. In the 15th – 16th centuries, this region was involved in Chinese maritime trade. As a result, the Chinese or the mixed Chinese-Malayan system of weight measures was used in trade. This work determines the mass of weight units used by civilizations in South-East Asia, recreates the structure of weight systems, and establishes their correlations and interrelations between various weight systems. The origins of certain weight units and the changes in the structure of weight systems and weight norms over a long period have been traced.

Ancient south east Asian maritime trade.

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The South ◽  
Trade Network

Abstract This chapter entails fourteen subchapters that detail the course of the South East Asian maritime trade. The subsections are about the beginning of Indonesian trade, the origin of trade between India and South East Asia, maritime trade of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the Indianization of Indonesia, China's slow entry into the South East Asia trade network, Java becomes the nucleus of Indonesia, the Chinese Pilgrims - Chroniclers of the ancient spice and silk routes, early trade in the outer reaches of Indonesia, the Golden Peninsula, the first great trading empire: Funan, South East Asian trading spheres in the early first century CE, European connections, the two ways to Rome, and finally, the first direct contact between Rome and China.

In Quest of Kalah

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Q. Fatimi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Kalah was the earliest recorded settlement of Muslims in this part of the world, and from Arab and Persian descriptions of it from the middle of the ninth to that of the fourteenth century, it was undoubtedly an important port in South East Asia.But where was it actually located? The problem has baffled some of the best minds of the east and the west. It has been debated since 1718. During this long period eminent historians, geographers, Arabicists, Indologists and Sinologists have made an effort at solving the riddle, but at best they have succeeded only partially. Earlier attempts at identification were very much wide of the mark. Abbe Renaudot (1718) who initiated the debate identified it with Malabar, while Gildemeister (1838) located it in Coromandel, and Reinaud (1845) equated it with Galle in Ceylon. Alfred Maury (1846) was the first to realise that the search for it must be made in the Malaysian region and he suggested Kedah. Walckenear (1852) made this equation famous by accepting it in his commentary on the story of Sindbad the sailor. P. A. van der Lith (1883–6) gave massive support to it in his elaborate and erudite discussion on the subject in his annotation and edition of Buzurg bin Shahriyār's Book of the Marvels of the Indies. It seemed that van der Lith had clinched the issue by getting the philological support from no less an eminent authority on the subject than M. Kern, who stated that the Malay d was pronounced very like an Arab 1. And then followed a galaxy of great Arabicists, like de Goeje (1889) and G. Le Strange (1905) all of whom accepted this equation. Pelliot (1901) and other Sinologists, and Coedes (1918) and other Indologists found it handy in their own search of Malaysian place-names.

Pan Islamica.

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The City

Abstract This chapter discusses the expansion of Islam and details of the international Muslim trade. It consists of eleven subheadings which are about the Rapid Spread of Islam, The Byzantine Trade, A New Trading Empire in the Northern Steppes: The Khazar Khaganate, The Arab Agricultural Revolution, The Shifts of the Centre of the Muslim World, The City of Baghdad, Islam and Medieval Medicine, The Spread of Islam across South East Asia, Muslim Expansion Towards China, Muslim Maritime Trade with South East Asia, and lastly, The Muslim Sea Trade with China.

scholarly journals Sanskrit and Pāli Influence on Languages and Literatures of Ancient Java and Burma

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Boris Zakharyin
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Abstract This paper describes the linguistic and cultural influence of India on the countries of Indo-China in the 5th to 15th centuries A D. It is shown that India’s penetration into South-East Asia took the forms of Late Brahmanism ~ Early Hinduism and of Buddhism. Indian settlers were promoting different variants of Sanskrit written culture in Java. Differences between culturally dominant Sanskrit, the language of the Indian migrants, and the orally used Austronesian languages of Java were great; as a result of interaction between the two there appeared highly Sanskritized versions of Old Western Javanese (Kavi) and later also of Old Balinese. Between the 7th and 15th centuries a great number of literary texts in Kavi were created in Java. The influx of Indian culture into ancient Burma, realized mostly by the land-route and only partially by sea, implied two main waves differing linguistically: the Sanskrit-bound wave and the P āli-bound one. Under the influence of Sanskrit and numerous texts in Sanskrit a Mon script based on the Indian brāhmī was developed in Upper Burma in the 9th century; later on it became the national system of writing, in use even today. The starting point for the history of Pāli epigraphy and literature in Burma was 1058 AD when Theravāda Buddhism was proclaimed the state religion of the Pagan kingdom. In the 11th to 15th centuries a great number of works in different fields of knowledge appeared in Burma. T he language used in them was a creolized Pāli/Burmese resulting from the intensive linguistic interaction between Pāli and Sanskrit on one hand and the vernaculars on the other. The most important stages in the development of this language and of literary activity in it are characterized.

CIScoSI Study [Children Immunization Status and cases of Systemic Illness]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Total Coverage

To determine the immunization status of pediatric patients under age of 5 years visiting pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals in South East Asia. The aim of this study was to appreciate the awareness and implementation of vaccination in pediatric patients who came into pediatric outpatient Department with presenting complain other than routine vaccination. we can also know the count of patients who do not complete their vaccination after birth. we can differentiate between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and incidence of severe disease in both groups. Immunization is a protective process which makes a person resistant to the harmful diseases prevailing in the community, typically by vaccine administration either orally or intravenously. It is proven for controlling and eliminating many threatening diseases from the community. WHO report that licensed vaccines are available for the prevention of many infectious diseases. After the implementation of effective immunization the rate of many infectious diseases have declined in many countries of the world. South-East Asia is far behind in the immunization coverage. An estimated total coverage is 56%-88% for a fully immunized child, which is variable between countries. Also the coverage is highest for BCG and lowest for Polio.

Maidstone's woodpecker – an unexpected bird specimen in the herbarium of Sir Hans Sloane

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Jarvis ◽  
Joanne H. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East India Company ◽  
South East Asia

It had long been believed that none of the bird, egg or nest specimens that had been in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane at his death in 1753 had survived. However, a specimen of a rhinoceros hornbill, originally in Sloane's hands, was discovered in the Natural History Museum's collections in London in 2003, and three more Sloane hornbill specimens have subsequently come to light. In addition, we report here a most unexpected discovery, that of the head of a woodpecker among the pages of one of Sloane's bound volumes of pressed plants. The context suggests that the head, like its associated plant specimens, was probably collected in south-east Asia about 1698–1699 by Nathanael Maidstone, an East India Company trader, the material reaching Sloane via William Courten after the latter's death in 1702. A detailed description of the head is provided, along with observations on its identity and possible provenance.

The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

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