scholarly journals Da atuação da Defensoria Pública na judicialização da saúde: da necessidade de macrocontrole através da revisão judicial do gasto financeiro do ente político

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ferreira Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Public Defender ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Public ◽  
Budgetary Control

Resumo: Este artigo tem por escopo abordar a atuação da Defensoria Pública na judicialização da saúde, com enfoque na atuação da instituição no controle orçamentário do ente público. Para tanto foi analisada a atuação da Defensoria Pública nas ações individuais e coletivas, foi abordada a possibilidade de atuação da Defensoria Pública no controle de contingenciamentos na orçamentários na área da saúde e, em sequência, foram analisadas duas ações civis públicas que visam referido controle. Por fim, concluiu-se pela necessidade de referida modalidade de controle pela Defensoria Pública no Brasil, notadamente porque é a instituição do sistema de justiça que tem maior contato com a parcela da população usuária do SUS e porque referido controle gera uma maior equidade quando da distribuição de recursos públicos na área de saúde.Palavras-chave: Defensoria Pública, saúde pública, controle financeiro.  Abstract: This article intends to discuss the Public Defender’s office role in legal claims involving public health, focusing in the public budgetary control. To reach this, the article analyzed the Public Defender work in individual lawsuit and in collective actions, discussing the possibility of the Public Defender to file a lawsuit to control budget contingency of public health and, in sequence, analyzed two collective actions that intend to promote this control. Finally, it has been concluded that this kind of control by Brazilian Public Defender’s office is necessary, mainly because it’s the institution of justice system that has the major contact with the parcel of population that uses the public health system and because this kind of control grants major equity in the distribution of public health resources.Keywords: Public Defender’s office, public health, public finances control. 

scholarly journals The high cost patients on waiting list for the Liver Transplantation. main burdens and consequences for the Public Health System

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. A224
Author(s):  
J.A. Turri ◽  
L.B. Haddad ◽  
W. Andrauss ◽  
L.A. D’Albuquerque ◽  
M.A. Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
The Public

Development of a probabilistic model for quantitative risk assessment of COVID-19 in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150069
Author(s):  
Paulo Gabriel Santos Campos de Siqueira ◽  
Alexandre Calumbi Antunes de Oliveira ◽  
Heitor Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Márcio das Chagas Moura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health System ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Excessive Number

We have developed a probabilistic model to quantify the risks of COVID-19 explosion in Brazil, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. By explosion, we mean an excessive number of new infections that would overload the public health system. We made predictions from July 12th to Oct 10th, 2020 for various containment strategies, including business as usual, stay at home (SAH) for young and elderly, flight restrictions among regions, gradual resumption of business and the compulsory wearing of masks. They indicate that: if a SAH strategy were sustained, there would be a negligible risk of explosion and the public health system would not be overloaded. For the other containment strategies, the scenario that combines the gradual resumption of business with the mandatory wearing of masks would be the most effective, reducing risk to considerable category. Should this strategy is applied together with the investment in more Intensive Care Unit beds, risk could be reduced to negligible levels. A sensitivity analysis sustained that risks would be negligible if SAH measures were adopted thoroughly.

scholarly journals Neutralization of B.1.1.28 P2 variant with sera of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and recipients of BBV152 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanan Sapkal ◽  
Pragya Yadav ◽  
Raches Ella ◽  
Priya Abraham ◽  
Deepak Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccine Regimen ◽  
The Public ◽  
Neutralizing Potential ◽  
Dose Vaccine

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has been a serious threat to the public health system and vaccination program. The variant of concerns have been the under investigation for their neutralizing potential against the currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we have determined the neutralization efficacy of B.1.1.28.2 variant with the convalescent sera of individuals with natural infection and BBV152 vaccination. The two-dose vaccine regimen significantly boosted the IgG titer and neutralizing efficacy against both B.1.1.28.2 and D614G variants compared to that seen with natural infection. The study demonstrated 1.92 and 1.09 fold reductions in the neutralizing titer against B.1.1.28.2 variant in comparison with prototype D614G variant with sera of vaccine recipients and natural infection respectively.

scholarly journals Amalgam versus resin composite for the restoration of posterior teeth: disparities between public clinical practice and dental education in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1/3) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Clarissa Fatturi Parolo ◽  
Aline Macarevich ◽  
Juliana Jobim Jardim ◽  
Marisa Maltz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dental Schools

Purpose: To compare the restorative material used in the treatment of posterior teeth taught and performed in two Dental Schools (UFRGS and ULBRA) and in 8 basic health units (BHU) from the Public Health System in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Materials and methods: Data referring the teaching of restorative procedures using amalgam (AM) or resin (R) were obtained through the analysis of patient’s files and questionnaires applied to final year dental students. Information regarding restorative procedures at BHU was obtained through patient’s records and a questionnaire applied to the dentists. The type of restorative material used in both BHU and Dental Schools were compared by chi-square test. Results: At UFRGS, 327 restorations were performed, 78.28% R and 21.72% AM, and at ULBRA 366 restorations, 92.63% R and 7.37% AM. At BHU, 1664 restorations were performed (35.93% R and 64.07% AM). A major proportion of AM restorations was performed in the Public Health Service in comparison to both Dental Schools, in which resin restorations prevailed (p=0.000). Conclusion: The change from AM to R in the dental material choice for posterior teeth at Dental Schools was not followed by the Public Health System, where the AM is still widely used in posterior teeth.

scholarly journals The concept of public health. Types of health systems. Parallel between the Romanian and the Australian health system

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Dorel Dulău ◽  
◽  
Simona Bungău ◽  
Lucia Daina ◽  
Camelia Buhaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

Medical management is a field that combines, both in theory and in practice, two somewhat different domains, administration and the medical domain, creating a third area of activity, namely that of medical management. This review is part of a study of health services management, which seeks to find solutions to improve the efficiency of the the management and administration of the medical system, both locally and nationally. In order to be able to study and evaluate, from a scientific point of view, the concepts of centralization and decentralization of the public health system in Romania, it is absolutely pertinent, but also mandatory, to focus on defining the notion of health system. Only later can we approach and research the process of decentralization of health, the political and economic context in which it can be initiated, as well as how to activate and carry it out. Decentralization, as a phenomenon of the transfer of rights and obligations, from the level of the central authority to the level of the local authority, can take various forms. From a theoretical and practical point of view, the forms of decentralization can be studied, evaluated and concluded by emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses. Also important to study are the ways of putting health systems into practice, which from the point of view of the source of funding are divided into state-funded health systems (Semashko, Beveridge and Bismarck) and privately funded health systems.

scholarly journals Preference for artificial intelligence medicine after COVID-19 pandemic: Discrete choice experiment (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Kit Ming ◽  
Taoran Liu ◽  
Winghei Tsang ◽  
Yifei Xie ◽  
Kang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health System ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Female Respondent ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
The Public

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great threat to the public health system globally and has squeezed medical and doctor resources. Artificial intelligence (AI) has potential uses in virus detection and relieving the public health pressure caused by the pandemic. In the case of a shortage of medical resources caused by the pandemic, whether people’s preference for AI doctors and traditional clinicians has changed is worth exploring. OBJECTIVE We aim to quantify and compare people’s preference for AI medicine and traditional clinicians before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to check whether people’s preference is affected by the pressure of pandemic METHODS The propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to match two different groups of respondents recruited in 2017 and 2020 with similar demographic characteristics. A total of 2048 respondents (1520 from 2017 and 528 from 2020) completed the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. The Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and Latent Class Model (LCM) were used to explore people’s preferences for different diagnosis methods. RESULTS Among these respondents, 84.7% in 2017 and 91.3% in 2020 were confident that AI diagnosis would outperform human clinician diagnoses in the future. Both groups of respondents matched from 2017 and 2020 attached most importance to the attribute ‘accuracy’, followed by ‘diagnosis expense’, and they prefer the combined diagnosis of AI and human clinicians (2017: odds ratio [OR] 1.645; 95% CI 1.535,1.763, p < 0.001; 2020: OR 1.513, 95% CI 1.413, 1.621, p < 0.001, Reference level: Clinician). LCM identified three classes with different attribute priorities. In Class 1, the preference for combination diagnosis and accuracy remains constant in 2017 and 2020, and higher accuracy (e.g., 2017 OR for 100% 1.357; 95% CI 1.164, 1.581) is preferred. People in 2017 and 2020 prefer 0 min outpatient waiting time and 0 RMB diagnosis expense. In Class 2, the 2017 matched data is also very similar to class 2 in 2020, AI combined with human clinicians (2017: OR 1.204, 95% CI 1.039, 1.394, p = 0.011; 2020: OR 2.009, 95% CI 1.826, 2.211, p < 0.001, Reference level: Clinician) and 20 minutes (2017: OR 1.349, 95% CI 1.065, 1.708, p < 0.001; 2020: OR 1.488, 95% CI 1.287, 1.721, p < 0.001, Reference level, 0 min) of outpatient waiting time were consistently preferred. In Class 3, the respondents in 2017 and 2020 had different preferences for diagnosis method; respondents in Class 3 of 2017 prefer clinicians, whereas respondents in Class 3 of 2020 prefer AI diagnosis. The odds ratios of accuracy continued increasing with the increasing of accuracy, like other classes of 2017 and 2020. As for the latent class segmented according to different sexes, all of the male and female respondent classes from 2017 and 2020 rank accuracy as the most important attribute. CONCLUSIONS Individual preference for clinical diagnosis between AI and human clinicians were very similar and mostly unaffected by the burden of the public health system caused by the pandemic. Diagnosis accuracy and expense for diagnosis were of the most important attributes of choice of the type of diagnosis. These findings can provide guidance for policymaking relevant to the development of AI-based healthcare.

scholarly journals Annual Expenditure on Anti-Tnf Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis for the Public Health System in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. A561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R.C. Nobre ◽  
F.M. Costa ◽  
B. Taino ◽  
H.D. Kiyomoto ◽  
G.F. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Expenditure
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