scholarly journals Method of forecasting the probability of progression of the clinical 37 stage of HIV infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
P. A Zatoloka ◽  
M. L Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Mucosal Membrane ◽  
Colony Forming Units

The method of forecasting the probability of progressing of clinical stage of HIV-infection has been developed. The method includes bacteriological examination of mucosal membrane scrapings from the posterior wall of oropharynx in HIV-infected patients without clinical signs of disease of the pharynx, and the counting of fungi of the Genus Candida. In identifying the fungi of the genus Candida in the number of colony-forming units equal to or more than 103, the high probability which is 0.95 (forecasting of the positive the result) of transition of the clinical stage of HIV infection within the next 6 months into following clinical stage of the disease is stated,

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
M.O. Andrushchak ◽  
V.D. Moskaliuk ◽  
I.V. Balaniuk ◽  
I.V. Rudan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

According to the latest data, in early 2018, 75% of HIV-positive people in the world knew about their HIV status (70% in early 2017); 79% of those who knew about their HIV status received treatment, 81% of those who received antiretroviral therapy have achieved an undetectable level of HIV viral load in the blood, i.e. less than 1000 RNA copies / ml. The purpose of the work is to find out the current clinical and epidemiological features of HIV infection, including in the Bukovina region. Materials and Methods: this prospective study for 2016 – 2018 included 292 HIV patients undergoing outpatient monitoring at the Chernivtsi Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Control. All the subjects gave voluntary informed consent to participate in the study. Results and Discussion: Young people (25 – 44 years old) were predominantly included in the study; their total share among men was 88.3% and among women – 76.0%. There were slightly more female patients under 24 years of age (10.6% of female individuals versus 4.3% of male individuals) and within the 45-55 year old group (13.4% female participants versus 7.4% of male individuals). Clinical signs of stage III HIV infection found in 108 people included the manifestations of general intoxication syndrome forcing the participants to stay down in the bed up to a half a day. All the participants demonstrated the weight loss over 10% of that initially established; 34 (31.5%) patients had "unexplained" chronic diarrhoea over 3 times a day, which lasted more than a month. For 118 HIV-positive patients of the IV clinical stage, the fatigue syndrome (unexplained weight loss (more than 10% for 6 months) was the most indicative; this condition forced them to stay in bed for more than a half a day. Conclusions: Markers of hemocontact viral hepatitis were detected in 59.1% of patients with clinical stage I and II HIV infection, in 55.6% of the patients with III stage HIV and in 61.0% with stage IV of the disease.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

Airborne-induced experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in Strain 13 guineapigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Trahan ◽  
E. H. Stephenson ◽  
J. W. Ezzell ◽  
W. C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Model System ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Colony Forming Units

To evaluate the efficacy of a commercial bacterial vaccine in protecting Strain 13 guineapigs against fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia, it was necessary to establish the infectivity and disease pathogenesis induced by virulent organisms. When guineapigs were exposed to small-particle aerosols of varying concentrations of virulent B. bronchiseptica, a spectrum of disease was produced that ranged from inapparent illness to fulminant bronchopneumonia. Clinical signs began by day 4 after exposure, and were evidenced by anorexia, weight loss, respiratory distress and serous to purulent nasal discharge. Pathological alterations were limited to the respiratory system. Moribund animals exhibited a suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia and necrotizing tracheitis. In animals that survived the challenge, the bacteria were eliminated from the lungs by day 28 but continued to persist in the laryngeal area and the trachea. The median infectious dose and the median lethal dose were estimated to be 4 colony-forming units (CFU) and 1314 CFU respectively. These data suggest that the guineapig will be a valuable model system in which to study interactions between Bordetella species and host cells as well as to evaluate potential B. bronchiseptica immunogens.

Incidence and treatment of feline renal lymphoma: 27 cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2098436
Author(s):  
Ashlyn G Williams ◽  
Ann E Hohenhaus ◽  
Kenneth E Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hematopoietic Malignancy ◽  
Renal Lymphoma ◽  
Multicentric Lymphoma

Objectives Lymphoma is the most common feline hematopoietic malignancy. Incidence of renal lymphoma has not been reported as a subset of a large population of feline lymphoma cases. Previous studies have reported renal lymphoma as both a singular entity as well as a component of multicentric disease. The clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, therapy and outcomes related to renal lymphoma have not been reported since Mooney et al in 1987. This retrospective study aimed to describe the incidence of renal lymphoma, clinical signs, treatment and survival. Methods Using a database of cats diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2008 and October 2017, cats with renal lymphoma were selected for further analysis. Cases were retrospectively staged according to Mooney et al (1987) and Gabor et al (1998). Data collected included age, clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic imaging findings, lymphoma diagnostic method(s), treatment protocol(s) and survival time. Analyses comparing median survival based on therapy administered, renal lymphoma vs multicentric lymphoma, central nervous system involvement, presence of azotemia, anemia and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage at diagnosis were performed. Results From a population of 740 cats with lymphoma, 27 cats had renal lymphoma (incidence, 3.6%), and 14 of those cats had multicentric lymphoma. Fewer stage IV and V cases were identified in this data set compared with Mooney et al; however, not all cats were completely staged. Median survival (range) for cats receiving corticosteroids alone compared with those receiving an L-CHOP (L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisolone)-based protocol was 50 days (20–1027 days) in the corticosteroid group and 203 days (44–2364 days) for the L-CHOP group ( P = 0.753) for cats that died secondary to lymphoma. Conclusions and relevance Neither clinical stage nor other factors were predictive of survival. Prospective studies are required to determine the optimal chemotherapy protocol.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic factors of HIV-infected individuals in Kinshasa at antiretroviral therapy initiation during 2006-2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259073
Author(s):  
Nadine Mayasi Ngongo ◽  
Gilles Darcis ◽  
Hippolyte Situakibanza Nanituna ◽  
Marcel Mbula Mambimbi ◽  
Nathalie Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Time To Initiation ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Background The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) underpin the recommendations for the early detection of HIV infection and ART initiation. Late initiation (LI) of antiretroviral therapy compromises the benefits of ART both individually and in the community. Indeed, it promotes the transmission of infection and higher HIV-related morbidity and mortality with complicated and costly clinical management. This study aims to analyze the evolutionary trends in the median CD4 count, the median time to initiation of ART, the proportion of patients with advanced HIV disease at the initiation of ART between 2006 and 2017 and their factors. Methods and findings HIV-positive adults (≥ 16 years old) who initiated ART between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2017 in 25 HIV care facilities in Kinshasa, the capital of DRC, were eligible. The data were processed anonymously. LI is defined as CD4≤350 cells/μl and/or WHO clinical stage III or IV and advanced HIV disease (AHD), as CD4≤200 cells/μl and/or stage WHO clinic IV. Factors associated with advanced HIV disease at ART initiation were analyzed, irrespective of year of enrollment in HIV care, using logistic regression models. A total of 7278 patients (55% admitted after 2013) with an average age of 40.9 years were included. The majority were composed of women (71%), highly educated women (68%) and married or widowed women (61%). The median CD4 was 213 cells/μl, 76.7% of patients had CD4≤350 cells/μl, 46.1% had CD4≤200 cells/μl, and 59% of patients were at WHO clinical stages 3 or 4. Men had a more advanced clinical stage (p <0.046) and immunosuppression (p<0.0007) than women. Overall, 70% of patients started ART late, and 25% had AHD. Between 2006 and 2017, the median CD4 count increased from 190 cells/μl to 331 cells/μl (p<0.0001), and the proportions of patients with LI and AHD decreased from 76% to 47% (p< 0.0001) and from 18.7% to 8.9% (p<0.0001), respectively. The median time to initiation of ART after screening for HIV infection decreased from 40 to zero months (p<0.0001), and the proportion of time to initiation of ART in the month increased from 39 to 93.3% (p<0.0001) in the same period. The probability of LI of ART was higher in married couples (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.3) (p<0.0007) and lower in patients with higher education (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64–0.86) (p<0.0001). Conclusion Despite increasingly rapid treatment, the proportions of LI and AHD remain high. New approaches to early detection, the first condition for early ART and a key to ending the HIV epidemic, such as home and work HIV testing, HIV self-testing and screening at the point of service, must be implemented.

scholarly journals Experimental Reproduction of Haemophilus Parasuis Infection in Swine: Clinical, Bacteriologic, and Morphologic Findings

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Vahle ◽  
Joseph S. Haynes ◽  
John J. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Intranasal Inoculation ◽  
Experimental Reproduction ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Macroscopic Findings

Haemophilus parasuis is a common cause of polyserositis and polyarthritis in swine. Little is known about the mucosal and systemic sites of replication and lesions which follow an aerosol exposure to H. parasuis. In this experiment 5–week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were inoculated intranasally with an inoculum containing 2 × 109 colony-forming units of H. parasuis. Two principals and one control pig were necropsied at 12, 36, 84, and 108 hours postinoculation (PI) and samples obtained for bacteriologic culture and microscopic examination. Inoculated pigs developed clinical signs of inappetence, reluctance to move, lameness, and a serous nasal discharge. Macroscopic findings included a fibrinous polyserositis and polyarthritis 36 hours PI which became progressively more severe at 84 and 108 hours PI. No lung lesions were grossly visible. Microscopic lesions included a mild purulent rhinitis at each post inoculation interval and fibrinous to fibrinopurulent synovitis and serositis at 36, 84, and 108 hours PI. A focal suppurative bronchopneumonia was observed in one pig examined at 36 hours PI. The nasal cavity and trachea were the only mucosal sites from which H. parasuis was reisolated. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from the blood and systemic sites at 36, 84, and 108 hours PI. Findings presented indicate that intranasal inoculation of 5-week-old CDCD pigs with H. parasuis results in clinical signs and lesions of polyserositis and polyarthritis typical of field cases and is a useful model for the study of H. parasuis pathogenesis. The results also suggest that H. parasuis initially colonizes the nasal mucosa.

PREVALENCE OF CLINICAL FORMS OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
М.S. Zagurskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Immunological Deficiency ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

Purpose: to identify patterns in the prevalence of various clinical forms of chronic sinusitis (exudative, proliferative, alterative) depending on the clinical and immunological stages of HIV infection. The study involved 108 HIV-infected patients who were diagnosed with chronic sinusitis. The prevalence of each of the clinical forms of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (exudative, proliferative, alterative) at different immunological and clinical stages of HIV infection was determined. The majority of HIV-infected persons with chronic sinusitis were diagnosed with a proliferative form of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (61.1 ± 4.7). As the clinical stage of HIV infection progressed (WHO classification), a decrease in the prevalence of exudative forms of chronic sinusitis (from 84.8 ± 6.2 at the first stage to 4.0 ± 3.9 at the fourth) and, accordingly, an increase in proliferative forms (with 15.2 ± 6.2 at the first stage to 92.0 ± 5.4 at the fourth). As the number of CD4-lymphocytes in the blood of HIV-infected patients decreased, a significant decrease in the frequency of detection of exudative forms of chronic sinusitis was observed (from 85.0 ± 8.0 with a CD4-lymphocyte level of more than 500 uL-1 to 12.9 ± 4.3 with the level of CD4 lymphocytes is less than 200 uL-1) and, accordingly, an increase in the prevalence of proliferative forms of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (from 15.0 ± 8.0 to 83.9 ± 4.7, respectively). As immunological deficiency progresses in HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of proliferative forms of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses increases, which is a factor determining the tactics of treating chronic sinusitis in this group of patients.

Characterization of Cardiac Diseases in Dogs Prevalent in Indian Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yadav ◽  
T. Kumar ◽  
N. Sindhu ◽  
D. Agnihotri ◽  
C. Jajoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilation ◽  
Atrial Enlargement

Background: Cardiac diseases defined as structural, functional, mechanical and electrical abnormality of heart. Characterization of different cardiac diseases in dogs prevalent in North Indian conditions is least studied. Methods: Out of total 2582 registered dogs, 41 were suspected for cardiac diseases based on clinical signs. Further confirmation and characterization was done by electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS 23. Result: Present study inferred, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most prevalent cardiac affection. Left ventricular dilation, interventricular septum thinning, increased E point septal separation and left atrial enlargement were characteristic echocardiographic indices in DCM. Echocardiographic indices in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were increased interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and reduced left ventricular lumen. Labrador retriever found to be most predisposed breed for DCM while Rottweiler reported to be most affected with pericardial effusion. Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) was statistically (p less than 0.05) increased in all cardiac categories with cut off value above 92 ng/l indicating cardiac affection, while Lactate dehydrogenase serve as screening biochemical marker with significant increase in all the cardiac cases ranging from 291 IU/l to 586.4 IU/l.

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