scholarly journals Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Human Pus Samples at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazmi A
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: Nosocomial infections are great threat for hospitalized patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most potent nosocomial pathogens along with its diverse mechanisms to counter the various antimicrobial agents such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, monobactems, third generation cephalosporins, carbapenams and broad- spectrum penicillins. P. aeruginosa is one of the well-known pyogenic bacteria and is 3rd leading cause of pyogenic infections with the variable frequency depending on geographical region and clinical setting. P. aeruginosa is intimately associated with pyogenic nosocomial infections. Objectives: Since multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa have posed serious threats and are frequently implicated in nosocomial infections. Methods: Pus swab were sampled under aseptic conditions and cultured on blood and Muller Hinton agar. Gram reaction, pigment production, Oxidase, indole reaction and citrate test were used to confirm isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed b Kirby Bauer technique. Results compiled by us in this cross sectional study, showed 58 cases of P. aeruginosa out of 289 cases. This included 43% males and 57% females. Majority of the patients were of young age, with mean age 38 years. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed resistance to gentamicin was 50%, amikacin was 64%, ciprofloxacin and Aztronem 66%, Cefaparazone 69%, Tzaocin 71% and meropenem and sulzone was 79%. While Colistin and Ceftazidime were the most effective in 85% and 89% of cases respectively. The multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa infections accounted for 32.76% of total P. aeruginosa infections. This study reveals high prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms at the set of our study. Based on this study, we suggest adopting the strategies to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections to slow down the rapidly growing multidrug resistance. These strategies may include, stricter antiseptic measures, fastening the recovery process and reducing the hospital stay and considering other alternates. Besides this, we would like to suggest the precise use of antibiotic susceptibility facility to reduce the nosocomial infection associated complications.

scholarly journals A Study of Isolation and Identification of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Wound Specimen

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Maria Muddassir ◽  
Sadaf Munir ◽  
Almas Raza ◽  
Adeel Iqbal ◽  
Muddassir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically important pathogenic microbe in hospitalized patients. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity having a number of mechanisms that make it antibiotic resistant. Considering the dearth of antimicrobial drugs to treat infection with this pathogen, it has become a necessity to open up new arena for treatment with this organism. Recently, there has been an up rise in the number of multidrug resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: Isolation and identification of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from wound specimens and to evaluate the antibiotic resistant strains of this microbe. Methodology: One hundred and fifty clinical samples of wound were taken from hospitalized patients at Jinnah hospital Lahore during the period of October 2019 to April 2020. In total, twenty (20) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified using the cultural features, morphological characteristics and various biochemical tests plus the Vitek 2 system. Blue/green, brown /blue and yellow/green pigment production showed the presence and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in females came out to be 15% as compared to 11.42% in males. This was followed by testing susceptibility of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antimicrobial drugs. Piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem showed the highest efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest resistance was exhibited against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which was 75%. Conclusion: Most isolates showed multidrug resistance to four or more drugs. Development of multidrug resistance has emerged as a global problem with pathogens commonly causing infections becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Carbapenem Based Nanohybrids as Antimicrobial Agents for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
Elena Ariela Banu ◽  
Madalina Irina Ciuhodaru ◽  
Irina Mihaela Ciomaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Carbapenem antibiotics resistance is a medical threat in antibacterial therapy as the pathogen resistant strains easily evolve a multi-drug resistance action to other incurable agents. The protective transport of current antibiotic molecules using nano-carriers initiates a huge approach in the antibacterial therapy, allowing the nanohybrids to defeat all these health threat pathogen agents. Chitosan is a linear cationic polysaccharide being often used in medical area as a biocompatible encapsulating agent in antibiotic delivery nanosystems. This work refers to encapsulation of imipenem into biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles in order to destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria and limit the microbial adhesion and multiplication. Nanoparticles were prepared by ion gelation method using tripolyphosphate as cross linking agent. The obtained hybrid nanocapsules were then characterized and evaluated as a potential nano-device to beat antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Serogroups Isolated from Aquatic Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
E.A. Bereznyak ◽  
A.V. Trishina ◽  
I.V. Arhangelskaya ◽  
I.R. Simonova ◽  
O.S. Chemisova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
The City

Introduction: The wide spread of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains resistant to antibacterial drugs and the variability of antibiotic resistance spectrum are of interest and require regional monitoring studies. Our objective was to accumulate basic information on the state of antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated from water bodies in the city of Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods: Water samples were taken at stationary sites of open reservoirs from May through September 2016–2018. We established sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains to antibiotics recommended for emergency prevention and treatment of cholera by their serial dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: We found that representatives of O16 and O76 serogroups prevailed among 361 isolated V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains during the study period. Monoresistant phenotypes were represented by furazolidone-resistant strains. Conclusions: We established a statistically significant increase in the percentage of strains resistant to nalidixic acid (from 4.0% to 13.3%) and chloramphenicol (from 0.5% to 4.4%) in 2016–2018. Resistance to those two antimicrobial drugs was observed in more than one third of the strains. The most common phenotypes were co-trimoxazole/furazolidone and furazolidone/ampicillin. In 2016, the percentage of such phenotypes was 21.4% and 14.8%, in 2017 – 20.0% and 10.6%, and in 2018 – 20.0% and 15.5%, respectively. When analyzing the microorganisms isolated in 2016–2018 and sensitive to three or more antibiotics, we established significant differences indicating the growth of multidrug-resistant microorganisms belonging to V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroups.

EVALUATION OF THE METHOSD FOR DETECTION METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Chi Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
Van Tuan Mai ◽  
Godreuil Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective: To evaluate the infections that caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the value of the tests to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subjects and Methods: Used routine techniques to culture and isolate S.aureus, test the antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby-Bauerr, determination the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and PCR in identified the mecA gene Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated is highest which isolated from pus specimens (55.06%). In 267 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 61.42%. The level of antibiotic resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is higher than that in Methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusion: Cefoxitin 30 microg disk diffusion method to detect Methicillin resistance is effective for determinate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity and specificity are all 100.00%). Key words: Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Tests of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Ahmed Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Medical Microbiology ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistant Strains

The importance of Staphylococcus aureus as a persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. It has a remarkable capability of evolving different mechanisms of resistance to most antimicrobial agents. of the present study is to establish the incidence of S. aureus in different clinical specimens with theirantibiotic sensitivity pattern to various antibiotics in this locality.Sixty five consecutive isolates of S. aureus obtained from various clinical specimens between January and April 2016 sent to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory Department of Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital was confirmed by standard bacteriological procedures. An antibiotic sensitivity pattern was carried out by disc diffusion method. The female sex has the highest rate of infection (57%) compared to males (43%). Urine and wound infection had the highest frequency of S. aureus isolates (35.3) and (26.1) respectively in the study. The results show that S. aureus bacterium mostly sensitive to amikacin AK and rifampicin RA (65.7%) and (58.6%). S. aureus shows resistance to vancomycin and tetracycline antibiotics mostly (66%) and (64%)The results of the present study show that the aminoglycosides are effective in the management of Staphylococcus aureus infections including methicillin resistant strains in this environment.

scholarly journals Using bacterial preparations of pasteurellosis infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
A. M. Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Age Related

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may leads to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should are controlled on farms. That is why the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of pasterella, of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in farms of Azerbaijan are introduced in the article. The studies were conducted on the basis of the department for quality control of biological preparations of the Azerbaijan Scientific Research Institute. Sampling for microbiological studies was carried out on farms from pathological material and premises where livestock of different age groups are kept. At the same time, the spread of the disease, incidence, mortality, mortality, age-related features, economic losses caused by bacterial pathogens were taken into account. Inoculations from samples of bone, brain, heart, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were performed on simple and selective and differential diagnostic nutrient media. The results were read visually. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by agar disco-diffusion method. Microbiological monitoring of a number of farms in Azerbaijan has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated pasterella agent largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15.1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of farms is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill calves and objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by oxitetraciklin, colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.

scholarly journals OMN6 a novel bioengineered peptide for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Mandel ◽  
Janna Michaeli ◽  
Noa Nur ◽  
Isabelle Erbetti ◽  
Jonathan Zazoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cecropin A

AbstractNew antimicrobial agents are urgently needed, especially to eliminate multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria that stand for most antibiotic-resistant threats. In the following study, we present superior properties of an engineered antimicrobial peptide, OMN6, a 40-amino acid cyclic peptide based on Cecropin A, that presents high efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria with a bactericidal mechanism of action. The target of OMN6 is assumed to be the bacterial membrane in contrast to small molecule-based agents which bind to a specific enzyme or bacterial site. Moreover, OMN6 mechanism of action is effective on Acinetobacter baumannii laboratory strains and clinical isolates, regardless of the bacteria genotype or resistance-phenotype, thus, is by orders-of-magnitude, less likely for mutation-driven development of resistance, recrudescence, or tolerance. OMN6 displays an increase in stability and a significant decrease in proteolytic degradation with full safety margin on erythrocytes and HEK293T cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that OMN6 is an efficient, stable, and non-toxic novel antimicrobial agent with the potential to become a therapy for humans.

scholarly journals Arginine Is a Critical Substrate for the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Wound Infections

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Everett ◽  
Keith Turner ◽  
Qiuxian Cai ◽  
Vernita Gordon ◽  
Marvin Whiteley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

ABSTRACT Environmental conditions affect bacterial behavior and can greatly influence the course of an infection. However, the environmental cues that elicit bacterial responses in specific infection sites are relatively unknown. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is ubiquitous in nature and typically innocuous. However, it is also one of the most prevalent causes of fatal sepsis in burn wound patients. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of environmental factors, specifically the availability of arginine, on the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in burn wound infections. Comparison of burned versus noninjured tissue revealed that l-arginine (l-Arg) was significantly depleted in burn wounds as a consequence of elevated arginase produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We also observed that l-Arg was a potent chemoattractant for P. aeruginosa, and while low concentrations of l-Arg increased P. aeruginosa’s swimming motility, high concentrations resulted in diminished swimming. Based on these observations, we tested whether the administration of exogenous l-Arg into the burn wound could attenuate the virulence of P. aeruginosa in thermally injured mice. Administration of l-Arg resulted in decreased P. aeruginosa spread and sepsis and increased animal survival. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the availability of environmental arginine greatly influences the virulence of P. aeruginosa in vivo and may represent a promising phenotype-modulating tool for future therapeutic avenues. IMPORTANCE Despite our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of burn wounds and the evolution of techniques and practices to manage infections, sepsis remains a significant medical concern for burn patients. P. aeruginosa continues to be a leader among all causes of bacteremic infections due to its tendency to cause complications in immunocompromised patients and its ubiquitous presence in the hospital setting. With the unforgiving emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, it is critical that alternative strategies to control or prevent septic infections in burn patients be developed in parallel with novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we observed that administration of l-Arg significantly reduced bacterial spread and sepsis in burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa. Given the safety of l-Arg in high doses and its potential wound-healing benefits, this conditionally essential amino acid may represent a useful tool to modulate bacterial behavior in vivo and prevent sepsis in burn patients. IMPORTANCE Despite our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of burn wounds and the evolution of techniques and practices to manage infections, sepsis remains a significant medical concern for burn patients. P. aeruginosa continues to be a leader among all causes of bacteremic infections due to its tendency to cause complications in immunocompromised patients and its ubiquitous presence in the hospital setting. With the unforgiving emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, it is critical that alternative strategies to control or prevent septic infections in burn patients be developed in parallel with novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we observed that administration of l-Arg significantly reduced bacterial spread and sepsis in burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa. Given the safety of l-Arg in high doses and its potential wound-healing benefits, this conditionally essential amino acid may represent a useful tool to modulate bacterial behavior in vivo and prevent sepsis in burn patients.

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in school children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva ◽  
N. A. Ilyenkova ◽  
E. S. Sokolovskaya ◽  
T. A. Elistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Resistant Strains

Purpose. To investigate the serotype distribution, clonal structure and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci isolated from schoolchildren.Materials and methods. During the period from 2012 to 2018 we examined 498 healthy school children aged 6 to 17 years. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from each child for culture, after that all S. pneumoniae strains were genotyped for serotype and ST-type deduction (PCR and sequencing, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance was also determined.Results. Pneumococcal culture was positive in 10.6 % of children. S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to seven serogroups and seven serotypes. Serogroup 6 and serotype 19F strains (15.1% each), and serogroup 9 strains (13.2%) were the most prevalent. S. pneumoniae33FA/37 and 3 (9.4 and 5.7%), serogroups 15 and 18 (7.6 and 5.7%), and 10A serotype (3.8%) were determined at a lower frequency. 20 detected ST-types belonged to 14 clonal complexes (CCs); CC156, CC447, and CC320 were predominant. 1.9% of isolates were penicillin-resistant; 13.2% – macrolide-, clindamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant. S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistant strains belonged to multidrug-resistant CCs 320, 315, and 156.Conclusion. S. pneumoniae prevalence in school children is not high. Pneumococcal population is characterized by serotype and clonal diversity including ‘invasive’ serotypes and genotypes. Most of strains are susceptible to antimicrobials.

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