Young adults do not catch up from low PISA scores

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Catch Up

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Study of Measles Virus among Young Adults: Response to Revaccination

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Control Campaign

The 2011 Iraqi Measles Control Campaign had as its aim to improve immunization coverage among young adults' 17-24years and, in the longer term, prevention of measles epidemics. The aim of the study is estimation measles vaccination and revaccination efficacy by evaluate the seroprevalence of antibody and response to reimmunization in young adults. A previously vaccinated 189 young adult medical students were tested for measles specific IgG &IgM pre and post catch-up revaccination by using commercially available ELISA. To assess the seroprevalence of antibody response pre measles reimmunization in previously vaccinated young adults; 45 were found to be seronegative. To differentiate between primary and secondary vaccine failure, anti- measles IgM and IgG titers were assessed again 2-4 weeks after revaccination in 189 seronegative participants [45 seronegative, 144 seropositive individuals: 29 seronegative participants responded to revaccination anamnestically(P < 0.001)and developed immunity; 7 also showed IgM response (probably primary vaccine failure); 144 seropositive participants remained seroprotected without significant increase in antibody titer (P=0.577). Primary vaccine failure was fond to be 3.7%; while secondary vaccine failure was 11.6%.After revaccination, 85.1% were seroprotected. This study demonstrates the waning measles immunity in young adults in Iraqi medical students, which poses the potential risk of transmission of measles. Periodic Serological surveillance and revaccination of susceptible young adults are recommended.

The Effect of Early Catch-Up Growth on Health and Well-Being in Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula van Dommelen ◽  
Sylvia M. van der Pal ◽  
Jack Bennebroek Gravenhorst ◽  
Frans J. Walther ◽  
Jan M. Wit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Health And Well Being

scholarly journals An Epigenomic Signature in Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA) With “Catch-up” Growth Is Present From Birth and Predicts Early Adulthood Pre-Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A654-A655
Author(s):  
Terence Garner ◽  
Philip Murray ◽  
Andrew James Whatmore ◽  
Peter Ellis Clayton ◽  
Adam Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Omic Data

Abstract Background: Cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood are more common in children born SGA1. The relationship of the transcriptome (gene expression) and epigenome (DNA methylation) to birth size and the future development of cardiometabolic disease has not been characterized. Aims: To identify I) the relationship between epigenome at age 0, 7 and 17 years, transcriptome at age 9 years and birth size in a normal population; II) links between the transcriptome and epigenome in childhood and adult cardiometabolic risk. Study Design: Normal children (n=6487) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were assigned to groups based on birth size using bodyweight (BW) and gestation and divided into groups using the population 10th centile. Adverse cardiometabolic risk at age 17 years was defined by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute criteria of prehypertension using systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as HDL and LDL2. Blood transcriptome at age 9 and blood epigenome at age 0, 7, and 17 years and were available from 980 and 947 children, respectively. Hypernetworks were used to integrate differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome (DEGs) and differentially methylated points (DMPs) in the epigenome, identifying functional links. Random Forest, a machine learning approach, was used to determine the predictive value of ‘omic data presented as the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. Results: Pre-hypertensive participants at age 17 years were distinguished from normotensive participants and this group was enriched for children born small who caught up by age 7 years (155/611 unhealthy/healthy SGA compared to 1979/12746 in all other BW groups; 1.6-fold, p&lt;1x10-5). This group had a greater height velocity during their catch-up period than the normotensive participants (1.2-fold, p=0.027). Hypernetwork integration of ‘omic data identified a functional relationship between 55 DEGs at age 9 years and DMPs at age 7 years. Random forest analysis was able to accurately predict the presence of pre-hypertensive young adults from the age 9 transcriptome (AUC: 0.973). Using a gene-level contraction of DMPs which map to the 55 DEGs (i.e. cis-DMPs), we demonstrated accurate classification of pre-hypertensive young adults from their blood methylome at age 0 (AUC [95% CI]: 0.92 [0.89-0.95]), 7 (0.90 [0.87-0.93]), and 17 (0.91 [0.88-0.94]) years. Conclusions: Through the integration of transcriptome and epigenome, we have identified a set of genes with an epigenomic and transcriptomic signature which predict pre-hypertension in children born SGA who catch up. Specifically, we have shown that the associated epigenomic signature tracks from birth to early adulthood, indicating the possibility of early detection of risk and primordial prevention. 1 Barker etal. (1988) BMJ 297(6641):134-135. 2 Chobanian etal. (2003) JAMA 289(19):2560-2571.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage Increase among Adolescent and Young Adults of the Palermo District (Italy) as a Result of a Public Health Strategy to Contrast an “Epidemic of Panic”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Costantino ◽  
Vincenzo Restivo ◽  
Gianmarco Ventura ◽  
Claudio D'Angelo ◽  
Maria Angela Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adults ◽  
Catch Up

During summer 2016 in the District of Palermo, Italy, the rapid succession of four cases of invasive meningococcal disease among young adults, with one death, have had an extraordinary emphasis by Local and National mass media. The resultant &ldquo;epidemic of panic&rdquo; among general population overloaded vaccination Units of the Palermo District during following months. Strategies implemented by Sicilian and Local Public Health Authorities to counteract &ldquo;meningitis fear&rdquo; were: a) extension of active and free of charge anti-meningococcal tetravalent vaccination from age class 12&ndash;18 to 12&ndash;30 years old; b) implementation of vaccination units usual opening hours and rooms tailored for vaccine administration; c) development of informative institutional tools and timely communications throughout local mass media to reassure general population. In 2016, was observed an increase of anti-meningococcal coverage in Palermo District (+18% for 16th y.o. and + 14% for 18th y.o. cohorts) and at Regional Level (+11.2% and +13.5% respectively). Concurrent catch-up of other recommended vaccination for age (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-poliomyelitis and papillomavirus), resulted in further increase of doses administered. The fear for meningitis, managed by Sicilian Public Health Authorities, had positive reverberations in terms of prevention. In particular, informative strategies adopted sensibly contributed to get Sicilian young adults closer to vaccination issues.

scholarly journals Measles and young adults: the case of the Local Health Authority of Bologna over the last decade

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montalti ◽  
D Gori ◽  
L Dallolio ◽  
F Catalani ◽  
D Resi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Background Measles is increasing globally, with a 300% increase in the first three months of 2019 in the WHO European Region. Measles cases recorded annually over the last decade in Italy have been cyclical with the last peak in 2017 with 84 cases per million inhabitants. In the same year, national coercive vaccination measures were introduced for access to educational services. Although the country is again achieving adequate vaccination coverage (VC) for the second dose of MRR (93.2% in 2018), outbreaks can still occur in communities with low VCs. Methods The aim of this study was to analyze measles epidemiology in Bologna Local Health Authority (LHA) from 2010 to 2018, focusing on age groups at higher risk of spread. Aggregate data on measles incidence were provided by Bologna HLA and VCs in residents were provided by the Emilia-Romagna Region (RER). Results The number of cases in the period of reference was 261 cases, 240 of which were laboratory confirmed (92%). The overall average age was 28.5 years (standard deviation, ds: ±14.73 years). The age group with the highest average incidence rate was 20-24 years (93 per 1.000.000 inhabitants), followed by 25-29 years (88) and 30-34 years (75). With regard to occupation at highest risk of prevalence, students represented the largest group with 22.6% of cases. VC data in residents in RER showed that in the age group 19-35 the fraction of the population not vaccinated with two doses of vaccine decreased significantly in the birth cohorts of the 1990s with a coverage of 6.9% for the 1984 birth cohort. None of the cohorts taken into consideration achieved a VC of 95% for the second dose. Conclusions Our results confirm the high proportion of measles cases among young adults. This highlights the need to consider catch-up actions and awareness campaign. For example, by focusing on students without previous documented vaccinations, considering that Bologna is home to tens of thousands of University students every year. Key messages The measles epidemiology analysis in the Local Health Authority of Bologna (Italy) over the last decade showed that the young adults (aged 20-35) have the highest average incidence rate of measles. Considering the need to focus on young adults in order to contain new cases of measles; checks on previous vaccinations, catch-up actions and improved awareness campaign are essential.

Meningococcal carriage in young adults six years after meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine catch-up campaign in Salvador, Brazil

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 2995-3002
Author(s):  
Viviane Matos Ferreira ◽  
Ítalo Eustáquio Ferreira ◽  
How-Yi Chang ◽  
Amélia Maria Pithon Borges Nunes ◽  
Nadav Topaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Catch Up

scholarly journals Catch-up immunization for adolescents and young adults during pre-travel consultation in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258357
Author(s):  
Kei Yamamoto ◽  
Michiyo Suzuki ◽  
Mugen Ujiie ◽  
Shuzo Kanagawa ◽  
Norio Ohmagari
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Travel Clinic

Rubella and measles outbreaks in adults occur because of unimmunized or partially immunized status. Travel clinics play an important role in catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization for adults. We evaluated the need for catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization by young adults at our travel clinic. This retrospective observational study was conducted at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. Adults aged 16–49 years who received pre-travel consultation and had childhood immunization records were included. Individuals who fully or partially received planned measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella catch-up immunization were classified as “immunized.” We calculated the proportion of “immunized” individuals and analyzed the factors associated with catch-up measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella immunization at pre-travel consultation using logistic regression analysis. Overall, 3,456 individuals received pre-travel consultations during the study period; 827 (336 men, median age 22 years) had childhood immunization records. The most common trip purposes were study (33%) and tourism (24%). The most common destination was Asia (39%). Catch-up immunization of any measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella vaccine was needed by 755 individuals. After consultation, 20–46% of these participants who needed catchup immunization received at least one dose of immunization. Factors that are negatively associated with measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella catch-up immunization were tourism (odds ratio 0.37 to 0.58), yellow fever vaccination (0.45 to 0.50) (excluding varicella), and each disease history (0.13 to 0.40) (excluding rubella and varicella). Further studies are needed to identify barriers to catch-up immunization.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

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