GIS AND STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SOIL QUALITY OF SIDI YAHYA, GHARBPLAIN (MOROCCO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-893
Author(s):  
Mbark Lahmar ◽  
Najib El Khodrani ◽  
Serine Omrania ◽  
Houria Dakak ◽  
Ahmed Douaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Method

The study of soil quality in irrigated areas is necessary to evaluate the sustainability of the agricultural production system. Indeed, the assessment of this quality is based on the physicochemical and biological characterization of soil parameters, as well as the knowledge of their spatial distribution and their evolution over time. This work aims to make a diagnosis of the current situation of soil quality of SidiYahya in the Gharb plain, Morocco. For this, sampling was carried out from 33 sites distributed over the studied plain during 2019. In this study, different soil properties including specifically texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) were measured while exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated using the standard formula. Based on the observed soil properties a map was prepared by using a geographic information system (GIS), which was based specifically on the inverse distance weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation method. Data were processed using different statistical tools like descriptive statistics, correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). Results of the study revealed that 70% of the soils have a heavy clayey texture with a predominance of vertisols (55%). Further, the study area soil is mainly alkaline (70%), poor in organic matter (61%) and phosphorus (52%), while very rich in potassium (70%), and non-saline (88%) contents. Soil pH was reported to be the least variable whereas sand, phosphorus, and salinity were the highest variable. IDW allowed mapping the soil properties by moving from punctual information to whole extent information. Furthermore, correlations were found between various soil properties by using PCA, 3 principal components (PCs) were able to extract 76% of the information from the 9 initial soil properties. Collected soil samples were grouped into 3 groups, based on their scores on the 3 PCs. Based on these two kinds of information, delineation of management zones can be established for a site-specific supply of agricultural inputs leading to better management of soil and water resources for securing their sustainable use.

scholarly journals Water and Soil Quality of Coffee Plantations in the Western Ghats Region, Chikkamagaluru District, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-514
Author(s):  
Lingayya Raghavendra ◽  
Melally Giddegowda Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
The Western Ghats

To assess water and soil quality in the Western Ghats' coffee plantations, 66 water and 224 soil samples were collected at four locations for estimation 20 parameters in water and 16 parameters in soil samples. Principal component analysis as applied to a set of chemical data obtained by the laboratory analysis of water and soil. Study locations represented arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plantations around 50 km2 from Chikkamagaluru town. PCA showed the interrelationship of water and soil parameters for four sampling locations. The clustering of sampling location results was due to the consequence and concentration of water and soil variables. The principal component bi-plot of phosphorous, conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids, sulphate, magnesium, and alkalinity determined water quality factors. Heavy metals, nitrogen, and total phosphorous greatly influenced the quality of soil samples at different locations.

scholarly journals Environmental soil quality index and indicators for a coal mining soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Masto ◽  
S. Sheik ◽  
G. Nehru ◽  
V. A. Selvi ◽  
J. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Opencast Mine

Abstract. Assessment of soil quality is one of the key parameters for evaluation of environmental contamination in the mining ecosystem. To investigate the effect of coal mining on soil quality, opencast and underground mining sites were selected in the Raniganj Coafield area, India. The physical, chemical, biological parameters, heavy metals, and PAHs contents of the soils were evaluated. Soil dehydrogenase (+79%) and fluorescein (+32%) activities were significantly higher in underground mine (UGM) soil, whereas peroxidase activity (+57%) was higher in opencast mine (OCM) soil. Content of As, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was significantly higher in OCM soil, whereas, Cd was higher in UGM. In general, the PAHs contents were higher in UGM soils probably due to the natural coal burning in these sites. The observed values for the above properties were converted into a unit less score (0–1.00) and the scores were integrated into environmental soil quality index (ESQI). In the unscreened index (ESQI-1) all the soil parameters were included and the results showed that the quality of the soil was better for UGM (0.539) than the OCM (0.511) soils. Principal component analysis was employed to derive ESQI-2 and accordingly, total PAHs, loss on ignition, bulk density, Be, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and microbial quotient (respiration: microbial biomass ratio) were found to be the most critical properties. The ESQI-2 was also higher for soils near UGM (+10.1%). The proposed ESQI may be employed to monitor soil quality changes due to anthropogenic interventions.

scholarly journals Iron oxides and quality of organic matter in sugarcane harvesting systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Mazza Barbieri ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Improvements in working conditions, sustainable production, and competitiveness have led to substantial changes in sugarcane harvesting systems. Such changes have altered a number of soil properties, including iron oxides and organic matter, as well as some chemical properties, such as the maximum P adsorption capacity of the soil. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between iron oxides and the quality of organic matter in sugarcane harvesting systems. For that purpose, two 1 ha plots in mechanically and manually harvested fields were used to obtain soil samples from the 0.00-0.25 m soil layer at 126 different points. The mineralogical, chemical, and physical results were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses, such as the mean comparison test, as well as to multivariate statistical and principal component analyses. Multivariate tests allowed soil properties to be classified in two different groups according to the harvesting method: manual harvest with the burning of residual cane, and mechanical harvest without burning. The mechanical harvesting system was found to enhance pedoenvironmental conditions, leading to changes in the crystallinity of iron oxides, an increase in the humification of organic matter, and a relative decrease in phosphorus adsorption in this area compared to the manual harvesting system.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to Assessing the Soil Quality and Nutritional Status of Large and Long-Term Cultivated Rice Agro-Ecosystems

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Aschonitis ◽  
Christos G. Karydas ◽  
Miltos Iatrou ◽  
Spiros Mourelatos ◽  
Irini Metaxa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Cold Spots

The aim of this study is to develop an integrated approach to soil quality and fertility assessment in high-yielding rice agro-ecosystems threatened due to overexploitation of soil resources by intensive agriculture. The proposed approach is implemented considering representative pilot fields allocated throughout a study area based on the assumption that soils of similar general properties present a similar nutritional status due to common long-term management practices. The analysis includes (a) object-based image analysis for land zonation, (b) hot-spot analysis for sampling scheme evaluation, (c) setting of critical thresholds in soil parameters for detecting nutrient deficiencies and soil quality problems, and (d) Redundancy Analysis, TITAN analysis, and multiple regression for identifying individual or combined effects of general soil properties (e.g., organic matter, soil texture, pH, salinity) or non-soil parameters (e.g., topographic parameters) on soil nutrients. The approach was applied using as a case study the large rice agro-ecosystem of Thessaloniki plain in Greece considering some site specificities (e.g., high rice yields, calcareous soils) when setting the critical thresholds in soil parameters. The results showed that (a) 62.5% of the pilot fields’ coverage has a simultaneous deficiency in Zn, Mn, and B, (b) organic matter (OM) was the most significant descriptor of nutrients’ variance, and its cold spots (clustered regions of low OM values) showed important overlapping with the cold spots of K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and B, (c) a higher rate of availability increase in P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, and B was observed when the OM ranged between 2 and 3%, and (d) the multiple regression models that assess K and P concentrations based on general soil properties showed an adequate performance, allowing their use for general assessment of their soil concentrations in the fields of the whole agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals Pedogenic and Contemporary Issues of Fluvisol Characterization and Utilisation in the Wetlands of Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Godswill Azinwie Asongwe ◽  
Bernard P. K. Yerima ◽  
Aaron Suh Tening ◽  
Irene Bongsiysi Bame
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Management Units

Fluvisols in urban wetlands in Bamenda Municipality Cameroon play a vital role in vegetable production but they are under immense pressure. Seven representative soil profiles and 21 surface soil samples were morphologically and/or physico-chemically characterized to classify the soils, evaluate their agro-utilization constraints, and to provide adequate data for planning sustainable land management. The soil samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Critical levels established for tropical crops and vegetables were used to declare deficiency of soil nutrients. The coefficient of variation were used as an index of soil variability, while sources of soil variation and subsequent grouping into management units were identified using principal component analysis. The soils, classified as Humi-umbric fluvisols are developed from young alluvio-colluvial material of granitic origin. Like other physico-chemical properties, organic matter varied irregularly down the profile. Except of pH which was slightly (CV<15%) variable, most soil properties were moderately (CV=15-35%) to highly (CV>35%) variable. Some correlation coefficients between the soil parameters were highly significant (p<0.01) ranging - 0.95 to 0.99, but most of them have correlation values less than 0.5. Six principal components (PCs) grouping soils in management units explained 96.2% of the variations observed in the soil properties. The PCs were: base status, organic matter, weathering and moisture retention, acidity, dispersal and N-mineralization, and mineral neo-synthesis factors. We recommend that a detailed mapping of soil properties be carried out for the establishment of a soil fertility map; and individual soil management practices defined for identified units instead of a common management for all units in the municipality.

scholarly journals Soil quality indicators of arable lands in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
V. S. Stolbovoy ◽  
A. M. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The Russian Federation

The study presents three groups of Soil Quality Indicators (SQI) of arable lands in the Russian Federation, such as agroclimate conditions, soil parameters and negative soil characteristics. The selection of SQI meets the requirements of the crop growth model for calculating the standard crop yield. The application of SQI in the Grain Equivalent Model allows ranking quality of the soils of agricultural lands in the country. The share of the best quality Chernozems with the standard yield of grain crops exceeding 4 t/ha is about 10%. At the same time, arable Chernozems occupy nearly 66% of total area of agricultural lands. More than 74% of the arable lands including podzolized and leached Chernozems in the northern part and Chernozems southern in the southern part of the agricultural zone are characterized by medium quality with the standard yield of grain crops 2-4 t/ha. About 10% of the arable land occupied by Chestnut solonetzic and saline soils are of poorer quality with the standard yield of grain crops less than 1 t/ha. The proposed indicators are included in the government programs for valuating and monitoring the quality of agricultural lands. The universal validity of indicators is a basis for the development of a new generation of standards for the protection and rational use of soils based on modern digital technologies and GIS approaches.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
M. Lahmar ◽  
N. El Khodrani ◽  
S. Omrania ◽  
H. Dakak ◽  
R. Moussadek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

The Gharb plain is the largest agricultural area in Morocco. It is characterized by fertile soils and the availability of water either from surface or groundwater which allowed intensive agriculture. The aim of this research work is to study the impact of this land management on the quality of water and soil. The study was done for the irrigated perimeter of Sidi Yahya belonging to the province of Sidi Slimane, Gharb (Morocco). Depth of water table and water pH were measured in situ while water and soil samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for their physico-chemical analyses. Sampling of 33water wells and soil samples, from six different zones, was done between May and October 2018. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check if mean water and soil parameters differed between zones. The results showed that the minimal and maximal water table depth were 6 and 96 m, respectively. Also, slightly more than half of the wells (51.5%) were inadequate for irrigation since they were either highly or extremely saline. Furthermore, soils were poor to moderately poor in organic matter but very rich in potassium and the phosphorus content was highly variable. Based on the statistical analysis, it is clear that the six zones had significantly different means for CaCO3, pH, OM, and exchangeable sodium percentage. Soil degradation like pollution and salinization may occur in this region if poor quality water is used for irrigation and if land is mismanaged. This research work can be considered as a first step towards a program for monitoring the quality of soil and water for adapting the land management with the final objective of securing high productivity and sustainable use of soil and water resources.

scholarly journals Analysis of Soil Enzymes During the Cyclic Process of Vineyard Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Dastigir Sayyad Mundaganur ◽  
Yasmin Dastigir Mundaganur ◽  
Ashokan K.V.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Additional Support

Keeping soil quality at par is one of the needed things for sustainable development and the existence of millions of living things in biosphere. Soil enzymes are used as soil quality indicators for quick response of changes for environmental stress, pollution and agricultural practices much more sooner (1–2 year) than other soil properties (organic matter); easy to measure (relatively simple procedure), having relations with plant productivity, soil quality parameters (organic matter, soil physical properties, microbial activity, and microbial biomass), and biogeochemical cycle; and being integrative. To assess the detrimental effect of the soil in grape cultivating field we selected four farming sites and various soil enzymes like protease. Urease, cellulose, chitinase, beta glocosidase, phosphatase, amylase, aryl sulphatase and dehydrogenase. As an additional support, we estimated the microbial population in all these fields and in all the stages of the cyclic process of the vine cultivation. Our study showed that the extensive use of the chemical pesticide badly affect the soil microorganism and which in turn badly affect the quality and quantity of the soil enzymes and subsequently the quality of the soil. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 67-73

scholarly journals In situ near-infrared spectroscopy for soil organic matter prediction in paddy soil, Pasak watershed, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romsonthi Chutipong ◽  
Tawornpruek Saowanuch ◽  
Watana Sumitra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Partial Least Square

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a major index of soil quality assessment because it is one of the key soil properties controlling nutrient budgets in agricultural production systems. The aim of the in situ near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for SOM prediction in paddy area is evaluation of the potential of SOM and prediction of other soil properties. There are keys for soil fertility and soil quality assessments. A spectral reflectance of 130 soil samples was collected by field spectroradiometer in a region of near-infrared. Spectral reflectance collections were processed by the first derivative transformation with the Savitsky-Golay algorithms. Partial least square regression method was used to develop a calibration model between soil properties and spectral reflectance, which was used for prediction and validation processes. Finally, the results of this study demonstrate that NIRS is an effective method that can be used to predict SOM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, RPD (ratio of performance to deviation) = 1.82) and total nitrogen (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.72, RPD = 1.78). Therefore, NIRS is a potential tool for soil properties predictions. The use of these techniques will facilitate the implementation of soil management with a decreasing cost and time of soil study in a large scale. However, further works are necessary to develop more accurate soil properties prediction and to apply this method to other areas.

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