scholarly journals Coagulopathy in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-657
Author(s):  
G. M. Galstyan
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hemostatic Disorders ◽  
D Dimer

Hemostatic disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. The purpose of the research was a detailed consideration of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and methods of diagnosing and treatment of coronavirus-induced coagulopathy (CIC). At the onset of COVID-19, hypercoagulability is detected, and consumption coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome are usually observed at later stages of the disease. In the pathogenesis of hypercoagulation in patients with COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines, hyperfibrinogenemia, increased blood levels of von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, neutrophilic extracellular traps, platelet activation, production of antiphospholipid antibodies, microvesicles are of importance. Laboratory findings show increased plasma concentrations of D-dimer, fibrinogen, a longer prothrombin time and a decrease in the number of platelets. The cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications ranges from 21 to 31%. Thrombosis risk factors are intensive care unit stay, leukocytosis, and a high plasma D-dimer concentration. Differential diagnosing of CIC should be carried out with disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis-induced coagulopathy, antiphospholipid, hemophagocytic syndromes, thrombotic microangiopathy, and heparin-induced thromocytopenia. CIC may be complicated by sepsis, antiphospholipid syndrome, hemophagocytic syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.The main therapy is low molecular weight heparins treatment. Treatment recommendations are provided.

False-Positive D-Dimer Result in a Patient With Castleman Disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Kimberly Mugler ◽  
Jerry B. Lefkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract In suspected cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, concurrent elevation of both fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer levels aids in confirming the diagnosis. This pattern of results reflects the action of plasmin proteolysis of cross-linked fibrin polymers as well as fibrinogen. We report the case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Castleman disease who presented with a high-positive D-dimer level and a negative FDP level in the course of a workup for disseminated intravascular coagulation. This finding suggested the possibility of either a false-positive D-dimer or a false-negative FDP level. To investigate the former, a Western blot was performed on the patient's serum to determine the presence of the D-dimer. No D-dimer band was visualized on the Western blot, confirming the false-positive nature of the D-dimer result. Insufficient quantity of patient serum, however, prevented further investigation into the etiology of this result. The false-positive D-dimer result is likely attributable to interference caused by the patient's Castleman disease–associated monoclonal gammopathy, a phenomenon that has been reported in other immunoassays. As the development of lymphoproliferative disorders is especially common within the HIV population, and hypergammaglobulinemia in Castleman disease is particularly common, clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon when the laboratory findings do not fit the clinical picture. Although it is rare, recognition of potential paraprotein interference in immunoassays will help avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of patients based on erroneous laboratory results.

Coagulation Abnormalities in Covid-19 Positive Patients at Covid Hospital of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Shivakumarswamy Udasimath ◽  
Nagesha K.R ◽  
Kumar Naik H.K. ◽  
Puruhotham R
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
D Dimer

BACKGROUND Throughout the world, millions of people are affected by corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). 16 % of infected Covid-19 people may need hospitalisation. Patients with severe respiratory or systemic manifestations are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Thrombocytopenia, elevated D-Dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and features of disseminated intravascular coagulation laboratory findings are included in initial reports on Covid-19 patients’ blood samples. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at pathology laboratory, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, between June 01, 2020 to August 29, 2020. 4096 patients’ blood samples with Covid-19 positivity in Covid Hospital of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, were analysed in detail and statistical reports were derived from the fresh samples for platelet count, prothrombin time and D-Dimer. The results were compared with severity of infection. RESULTS Analysis of 4096 Covid-19 blood sample results, revealed significant abnormal mean values in critical cases for platelet count in which it was severely decreased (35,000 cells / cumm), prothrombin time was prolonged for more than 180 seconds and D-Dimer values were 3.74 microgram per ml. CONCLUSIONS As the pandemic is spreading, we highlight the importance of laboratory and clinical findings of coagulation disorders in Covid-19 infected patients. To prevent death of Covid-19 infected patients, noticing the laboratory findings related to coagulation will help in early detection of critical patients. This is very important for relevant treatment and may prevent mortality in Covid-19 infected patients. KEYWORDS Coagulation, Coronavirus, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Prothrombin Time, Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

scholarly journals Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Case of Brucellosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. E10-E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Akbayram ◽  
Murat Dogan ◽  
Cihangir Akgun ◽  
Erdal Peker ◽  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Time Of Admission

Brucellosis is a multisystem disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations; hematological abnormalities ranging from fulminant as of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) to anaemia, leucopoenia, thrombocytopenia, and clotting disorders. In this report, we present DIC in a case of brucellosis because of rare presentation. A 3-year-old boy was admitted with the complaints of continuous fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bruise on leg. He looked pale and his physical examination revealed purpuric skin lesions on both legs. A mild hepatosplenomegaly was noted on palpation. Laboratory tests showed hematocrit 21%, hemoglobin 7 g/dL, platelet count 20,000/mm3, prothrombin time 19 seconds, activated partial thromboplastin time 48 seconds, plasma fibrinogen level 20 mg/dL, andd-dimer 8 µg/mL. Serum antibrucella titration agglutination test was found to be 1 of 1280 positive. Blood cultures performed on specimens obtained at the time of admission yielded Brucella melitensis. The clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with DIC.

Platelet Function in Experimentally Induced Pancreatitis in the Dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Jacobs ◽  
R J Murtaugh ◽  
R H Fertel
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Functional Defect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SummaryEvidence suggests that changes in prostaglandins and disseminated intravascular coagulation accompany pancreatitis. Both may induce changes in platelet function. We wished to determine if experimentally induced pancreatitis in the dog was associated with altered platelet number and function, and whether there were concomitant changes in prostaglandins. Evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dogs with pancreatitis were red blood cell fragmentation, increased platelet turnover indicated by macro-platelets and the transient presence of fibrin degradation products in urine. There were no significant changes in platelet count. The platelets from dogs with pancreatitis showed a functional defect characterized by significantly decreased aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, and collagen. Release of adenosine triphosphate from platelets was reduced in collagen-stimulated aggregation. There were no changes in the plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2, 6-Keto-PGF1a, and PGE2. This defect may have been due to the generation of fibrin degradation products and platelet “exhaustion”.

Complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy or sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation -what is primary?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
F. U. Dzgoeva ◽  
N. L. Kozlovskaya ◽  
T. L. Bestaeva ◽  
A. M. Kuchieva ◽  
G. G. Bekuzarova
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
A. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hemostatic Disorder

Presented material reveals main links in the pathogenesis of hemostatic disorder. In particular, attention is paid to the role of the lungs, liver and other organs in the development of this process. Role of vascular wall and blood cells in regulation of the physical state of blood is described in detail. The most frequent factors leading to hypercoagulation are indicated. Difference between hypercoagulation and thrombophilia is shown. The latter is found in clinical practice quite often, but at the same time, it is poorly diagnosed. Such a terrible complication of hemostatic disorder as disseminated intravascular coagulation is described. Its classification, stages of development, clinical manifestations are offered to the readers.

scholarly journals Disseminated intravascular coagulation at diagnosis is a strong predictor for thrombosis in acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (14) ◽  
pp. 1854-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Libourel ◽  
Clara P. W. Klerk ◽  
Yvette van Norden ◽  
Moniek P. M. de Maat ◽  
Marieke J. Kruip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Key Points ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Key Points A high D-dimer level strongly predicts symptomatic venous and arterial thrombosis in newly diagnosed AML. Thrombosis occurs in up to 10% of patients with newly diagnosed AML.

scholarly journals D-dimer kit with a High FDP/D-Dimer Ratio is Useful for Diagnosing Thrombotic Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107602962110705
Author(s):  
Nozomi Ikeda ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yuhuko Ichikawa ◽  
Minoru Ezaki ◽  
Motoko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction Although D-dimer is a useful biomarker of thrombosis, there are many D-dimer kits, with high and low fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP)/ D-dimer ratios. Methods Plasma D-dimer levels were measured using three different kits in critically ill patients to examine the usefulness of such measurements for detecting the thrombotic diseases and determining the correlation with the FDP and FDP/D-dimer ratio. Results Although three D-dimer kits showed marked utility for diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and peripheral arterial and venous thromboembolism (PAVTE), the D-dimer levels determined using the three kits varied among diseases. Indeed, one D-dimer kit showed a high FDP/D-dimer ratio, and another kit showed a low FDP/D-dimer ratio. D-dimer kit with low FDP/D-dimer ratio tended to have high cut-off values and low specificity for diagnosing DIC and PAVTE. In D-dimer kit with high FDP/D-dimer ratio, FDP/D-dimer ratios in patients with thrombosis was significantly higher than that in patients without thrombosis. Conclusion All three D-dimer kits show utility for detecting thrombotic diseases. However, the D-dimer levels determined using the kits varied due to differences in the FDP/D-dimer ratio. In combination with the FDP level, a D-dimer kit with a high FDP/D-dimer ratio may be useful.

Significance of Decreased Plasma D-Dimer Levels following Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidesaku Asakura ◽  
Yoko Sano ◽  
Mika Omote ◽  
Tomotaka Yoshida ◽  
Yasuo Ontachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
D Dimer
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