scholarly journals Analysis of fetal growth restriction in pregnancy in subjects attending in an obstetric clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Ashish Seal ◽  
Arup Dasgupta ◽  
Mousumi Sengupta ◽  
Rinini Dastider ◽  
Sukanta Sen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal growth less than the normal growth potential of a specific infant because of genetic or environmental factors. Fetal growth restriction or intrauterine growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in newborns. Fetal growth restriction is a complex multifactorial condition resulting from several fetal and maternal disorders. Objective of present study was to find out incidence of IUGR and assessment and evaluation of different important changes in IUGR.Methods: Women who attended the Obstetric OPD in their 1st trimester of pregnancy and those who were thought would be able to visit the antenatal clinic for their fortnightly check-up regularly were screened for intrauterine foetal growth retardation. Women with irregular and uncertain menstrual history and where the 1st trimester USG foetal crown rump length did not corroborate with the menstrual gestational age were excluded from this study.Results: Incidence of IUGR was 18.2% and 84% were found to be asymmetrical. IUGR was found to be double among primigravids and women above 30 years. It had been observed that IUGR was associated with certain conditions like short stature (52%), pregnancy induced hypertension (24%) and anaemia (12%).Conclusions: Thus, early USG screening along with robust screening for maternal BMI, nutritional status, and anaemia can assist the obstetric team in providing early diagnosis, prompt intervention, and better outcome in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals 91 SILDENAFIL CITRATE MODIFIES FETOPLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN A RABBIT MODEL OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. López-Tello ◽  
M. Arias-Alvarez ◽  
A. González-Bulnes ◽  
S. Astiz ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

The failure of fetuses to achieve their full growth potential is known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Sildenafil citrate (SC) is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, which enhances nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation, and it may have a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of IUGR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SC on placental and fetal development in a diet-induced rabbit model of IUGR. A total of 24 rabbits does weighing 4.3 ± 0.49 kg on average were used. At Day 9 of pregnancy, females were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups: one group was fed ad libitum during pregnancy (Group C; n = 8); the rest of the does had 50% restricted daily intake and were treated or not with 20 mg of SC daily from Day 22 of pregnancy until parturition (Groups SC and R, respectively, n = 8 for both). At Day 28 of pregnancy, half of the pregnant does from each group were euthanised to study fetoplacental development, while the remaining does were allowed to deliver. At Day 28, weight, length, and thickness of fetal and maternal placentas, and fetal weight and size [crown-rump length (CRL), and transversal thoracic diameter (TD)] were assessed. A fetus was considered IUGR when it weighted less than the 10th percentile for its normal gestational weight. Statistical analysis was performed using the PROC GLM procedure. Nutritional restriction induced a higher rate of fetuses IUGR than control group (31.0% v. 15.1%; P < 0.05). The percentage of fetuses with IUGR was 23% in SC group (no significant differences with groups C and R). However, SC increased the thickness of maternal and fetal placentas compared to group R (0.4 ± 0.02 v. 0.2 ± 0.02 cm; 0.6 ± 0.02 v. 0.3 ± 0.02 cm; P < 0.05 respectively), being similar to group C (0.4 ± 0.02 and 0.5 ± 0.03 cm). Maternal placental weight in group C showed higher values (1.5 ± 0.08 g; P < 0.05) than both restricted groups (1.2 ± 0.07 g). CRL in group SC was larger than in group R (10.5 ± 0.12 v. 10.0 ± 0.12 cm; P < 0.05) and similar to that in group C (10.5 ± 0.15 cm). The neonates in group SC showed higher values for CRL (10.9 ± 0.15 cm) than those from groups R and C (10.5 ± 0.11, 10.2 ± 0.20 cm; P = 0.05). Regarding TD, fetuses in group SC showed higher values than group R (2.3 ± 0.04 v. 2.1 ± 0.03 cm; P < 0.05) and equaled that of group C (2.3 ± 0.03 cm). In conclusion, maternal malnutrition prejudices fetoplacental development, causing IUGR. Treatment with SC in the last third of gestation counteracts fetal growth retardation by favouring placental development and function and, thus, fetal growth. These results confirm that administration of SC may have a potential benefit in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and IUGR.We acknowledge CM, FSE, and AGL2011-23822 for funding.

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION - A REVIEW ARTICLE

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Minh Son Pham ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Vinh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
No Gold Standard

Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is difficult to define exactly. In this pregnancy condition, the fetus does not reach its biological growth potential as a consequence of impaired placental function, which may be because of a variety of factors. Fetuses with FGR are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and poor long-term health outcomes, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adulthood. At present no gold standard for the diagnosis of SGA/FGR exists. The first aim of this review is to: summarize areas of consensus and controversy between recently published national guidelines on small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction; highlight any recent evidence that should be incorporated into existing guidelines. Another aim to summary a number of interventions which are being developed or coming through to clinical trial in an attempt to improve fetal growth in placental insufficiency. Key words: fetal growth restriction (FGR), Small for gestational age (SGA)

scholarly journals Understanding intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Verma ◽  
Hema Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as the inability of a fetus to gain the normal growth potential due to maternal-placental-fetal factors. These factors mainly involve metabolic disorders, infections, substance abuse and exposure to harmful substances. Incidence of IUGR is higher in developing countries. Proper diagnosis at suitable time is necessary for proper treatment and management. Although, the mechanism is not clear but oxidative stress, immunological factors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and adduct formation are some pathways which are involved in IUGR. The aftermaths of IUGR involves post-birth complications, perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, management and treatment involves use of both pharmacological (Tocolytics, Corticosteroids, antibiotics) and non-pharmacological methods (bed rest, cerclage). This review highlights the possible risk factors, mechanisms, other biochemical pathways involved, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of IUGR.Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2015;2(4):31-37

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION - A REVIEW ARTICLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Son Pham Minh ◽  
Huy Nguyen Vu Quoc ◽  
Vinh Tran Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
No Gold Standard

Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is difficult to define exactly. In this pregnancy condition, the fetus does not reach its biological growth potential as a consequence of impaired placental function, which may be because of a variety of factors. Fetuses with FGR are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and poor long-term health outcomes, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adulthood. At present no gold standard for the diagnosis of SGA/FGR exists. The first aim of this review is to: summarize areas of consensus and controversy between recently published national guidelines on small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction; highlight any recent evidence that should be incorporated into existing guidelines. Another aim to summary a number of interventions which are being developed or coming through to clinical trial in an attempt to improve fetal growth in placental insufficiency. Key words: fetal growth restriction (FGR), Small for gestational age (SGA)

Comparison of perinatal outcomes between patients with suspected complex and simple gastroschisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Medina Jiménez ◽  
Sandra Acevedo-Gallegos ◽  
Monica Aguinaga Rios ◽  
Juan Manuel Gallardo-Gaona
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Bowel Dilatation

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare perinatal outcomes between patients with and without prenatal ultrasound markers predictive of complex gastroschisis. Method: A prospective cohort of 98 patients with isolated fetal gastroschisis underwent antenatal ultrasound and delivered in a tertiary referral center. Patients were classified according to eight ultrasonographic markers predictive of complexity, and perinatal outcomes were assessed accordingly. The primary outcome was the presence of fetal growth restriction and staged SILO reduction postnatally. Results: Of all fetuses, 54.1% (n = 53) displayed ultrasonographic markers predictive of complexity at 32.7 ± 4.3 weeks of gestation. Gastric dilatation was the most frequent marker followed by extra-abdominal bowel dilatation. The presence of ultrasound markers predictive of complexity, was not associated with intrauterine growth restriction but its absence was less associated with staged SILO reduction of the abdominal wall postnatally with a RR of 0.79 (CI95% 0.17-0.53) Conclusion: Fetuses with ultrasound markers that predict complexity were not associated with fetal growth restriction but its absence was less associated with staged SILO reduction of the abdominal wall postnatally. It is necessary to unify criteria, establish cut-off points and the optimal moment to measure these markers.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/080, October 2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1157-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kehl ◽  
Jörg Dötsch ◽  
Kurt Hecher ◽  
Dietmar Schlembach ◽  
Dagmar Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
German Society ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Treatment Management ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Guideline Committee

Abstract Aims The aim of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) was to provide consensus-based recommendations obtained by evaluating the relevant literature for the diagnostic treatment and management of women with fetal growth restriction. Methods This S2k guideline represents the structured consensus of a representative panel of experts with a range of different professional backgrounds commissioned by the Guideline Committee of the DGGG. Recommendations Recommendations for diagnostic treatment, management, counselling, prophylaxis and screening are presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Normal versus Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnancy: The Significance of Maternal Body Mass Index, Nutritional Status, Anemia, and Ultrasonography Screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmichaya D. Sawant ◽  
Shirin Venkat
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
In Pregnancy

Fetal growth restriction or intrauterine growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in newborns. Fetal growth restriction is a complex multifactorial condition resulting from several fetal and maternal disorders. The objective of this study was twofold: first to examine the correlation between maternal parameters such as body mass index (BMI), nutritional status, anemia, and placental weight and diameter, and their effects on fetal growth and then to evaluate the effect of early screening by ultrasonography (USG) on the outcome of growth restricted pregnancies. In this study, 53 cases of fetal growth restriction were compared to 53 normal fetuses delivered in consecutive sequence. Growth restricted fetuses were delivered earlier in gestation, when compared with normal growth fetuses. Maternal anemia and malnutrition have significant association with the fetal growth restriction. Maternal anthropometry, such as low BMI, had effects on placental diameter and weight, which, in turn, adversely affected fetal weight. Thus, early USG screening along with robust screening for maternal BMI, nutritional status, and anemia can assist the obstetric team in providing early diagnosis, prompt intervention, and better outcome in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Guidelines for the use of Obstetrical Ultrasound

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Mandruzzato
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Obstetrical Ultrasound

ABSTRACT Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major problem in perinatal medicine. It is the second cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity after prematurity and the two conditions are frequently associated. The principal cause of the poor perinatal outcome is represented by the chronic fetal hypoxemia (FCH) that occurs in 30 to 35% of IUGR fetuses. In order to improve significantly the clinical outcome a timely recognition and a proper management is fundamental. Today the method of choice for monitoring the fetal growth and detect any deviation is represented by serial fetal ulrtasound biometry. After suspicion or recogntion of fetal growth restriction it is necessary to assess the characteristics of the maternal-fetal exchanges in order to detedct or exlude the presence of chronic fetal hypoxemia. How to cite this article Mandruzzato G. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Guidelines for the use of Obstetrical Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):350-351

scholarly journals Changes of the sleep in pregnant women with intrauterine fetal growth restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
A.M. Berbets
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction

Objective – to study the reasons of appearance, terms of manifestation and types of the sleep disorders in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction of fetus. 80 pregnant women with placental insufficiency, manifesting as intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) of II–III degree in the 3rd pregnancy trimester (study group) and 30 women with normal clinical flow of pregnancy (control group) were questioned. They were asked about pregnancy term when the complains of the sleep disorders were firstly expressed, as well as about types of the sleep disorders and their frequency (in times per week). Questioning showed that pregnant women with IUGR in 86% cases experience the sleep disorders starting from pregnancy term 12–22 weeks (healthy pregnant women — mostly after 30 weeks, 57% cases), more commonly wake up 2 or more times per night (71% of positive answers, in control group – 23%), and 3 or more times per week (78% of positive answers, in control group – 17%). Thus, sleep disorders in pregnant women with IUGR appear earlier and seem to be more expressed then in pregnant women with normal fetal growth. Expression of the complains of insomnia, in our opinion, might be considered as an early diagnostic sign of forming of placental insufficiency, which is later realized as IUGR.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document