An observational study of benign oral lesions in central India

Author(s):  
Prashant N. Keche ◽  
Nishikant P. Gadpayle ◽  
Surendra H. Gawarle ◽  
Gaurav A. Chamania

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The oral mucosa serves as a protective barrier against trauma, pathogens and carcinogenic agents. It can be affected by a wide variety of lesions and conditions, some of which are harmless while others may have serious complications. The appearance of benign oral soft tissue masses can occasionally resemble malignant tumors. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Present study is an observational and cross sectional study under taken in the Department of ENT in Shri Vasant Rao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal. All cases of benign oral lesions were included in the study and following cases were excluded: malignant oral lesions, immunocompromised state and benign Oral lesions due to systemic diseases.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Present study included 235 lesions of oral cavity which were clinically or histo-pathologically found to be benign in nature.<strong> </strong>Benign oral lesions were more commonly found in males with (70.2%) than females (29.8%), and M:F ratio was 2.3:1. most common benign oral lesions were found to be Oral Sub Mucus Fibrosis (26.8%) followed by Apthous ulcers (20.4%), Leukoplakia (18.3%) and Mucocele (17.1%). Least common benign oral lesions were found to be Minor Salivary Gland Tumor (MSGT) (1.7%) followed by Squamous Papilloma (2.1%), Ranula (2.1%) and Hemangioma (2.1). There was a male predominance in oral sub mucus fibrosis with M:F ratio of 9.5:1 followed by Leukoplakia with M:F ratio of 4.4:1. OSMF was found most commonly in 21-30 years age group with (57.1%). Followed by 11-20 years with (20.6%). No cases were found in ≤10 years, 51-60 and &gt;60 years age group. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Most of the benign oral lesions have a predilection to transform into malignant lesions therefore imperative to diagnose the pre malignant lesions of oral cavity in an early stage where appropriate treatment can be given.</span></p>

Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Onesmo Tarimo ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Daudi Ntunaguzi ◽  
Kassim Babu Mapondella ◽  
...  

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otitis externa is among the otological diseases with significant impact on the quality of life of sufferers. Little is known in Sub Saharan countries despite being the focus of such disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of otitis externa at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania’s largest tertiary hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study where 1200 participants were recruited from June 2016 to January 2017. Data was analyzed using SPSS program version 20.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1200 patients were recruited in this study and majority 601(50.1%) were females. Majority 672(56%) were in age group 0–10 years. Among 1200 patients, 138 (11.5%) were diagnosed to have otitis externa and male predominance (55.1%) was found. Majority 120 (87%) had diffuse otitis externa and with 0-10 years (25.83%) being the commonly affected age group by variant. The commonest risk factor was self-ear cleansing 87(53.7%) and only 2.9% were found to have complications of otitis externa.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Otitis externa was found to be prevalent and with male predominance. Self-ear cleansing was the commonest risk factor. Complications of otitis externa were found to be rare. Public awareness on otitis externa should be advocated in our country.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Jha ◽  
Sabina Bhattarai ◽  
Jyotshna Sapkota ◽  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Chandra Prakash Bhatt

Background: Dermatophytosis are the most common types of cutaneous fungal infection seen in human and animals affecting skin, hair and nails caused by dermatophytes. The diagnosis of dermatophytes is based on the clinical observation and laboratory diagnosis by direct microscopic examination and fungal cultures. The present study is undertaken to isolate different type of dermatophytes causing fungal infection.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study design was used in a total of 90 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytic infection attending the out patient department of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching hospital (KMCTH). Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were collected from the patients and were processed by direct microscopy and culture using standard protocol. Dermatophytes were identified based on the microscopic arrangement of microconidia and macroconidia.Results: Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-40 years and was more predominant among male with male to female ratio of 1.7: 1. Among the total clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, 53 were positive in direct microscopy and only a total of 20 were positive by culture. Most common clinical type observed in our study was Tinea corporis(25%) followed by Tinea cruris. Trichophyton rubrum(50%) was the commonest aetiological agent in majority of clinical types followed by Trychophyton mentagrophytes(35%). Conclusions: The study highlighted T. corporis followed by T. cruris and T. unguim as the most common clinical pattern of dermatophytosis with a male predominance and 21-40 years being the most affected age group. T. rubram was the most common aetiological agent causing dermatophytosis.Keywords: Dermatophytes; dermatophytosis; epidermophyton; tinea; trychophyton.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Praffula V. Mahakalkar ◽  
Ganesh Swami ◽  
Halnikar Chandrashekhar S. ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar

Background: Anal fistulas are one of the commonest causes for a persistent discharge seropurulent in nature that irritates the skin in the neighbourhood and leads to discomfort. Fistula-in-ano is seen quite frequently in perirectal perianal suppuration. The objective of this study to study the clinical profile and diagnosis of anal fistula at surgical OPD of VDGIMS.Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was carried out in patients with fistula-in-ano admitted at surgical department of VDGIMS, Latur during the period of 2017-19 in 50 diagnosed patients. Data was analysed by using SPSS 24.0 version IBM USA.Results: Majority of the patients with anal fistula were from 41-50 years age group i.e. 15 (30%) and males were predominantly affected 40 (80%) compared to females i.e. 10 (20%). Male to female ratio was 4:1. Perianal discomfort was the commonest symptom in all patients i.e. 100%. It is followed by perianal discharge complained by 54% and perianal itching in 38% cases. The anterior position of external opening is found to be significant (p<0.05). Fistulogram showed external opening in all patients i.e. 50 cases whereas internal opening in 46 (92%) cases. Findings of MRI revealed that anal fistula was intra sphincteric in 28 cases i.e. 56%, extra sphincteric in 2 cases i.e. 4% and trans sphincteric in 20 cases i.e. 40%.Conclusions: Commonest age group affected in our study was 40-50 years with male predominance. Perianal discomfort and discharge were the commonest symptom. E. coli was the predominant organism isolated. Fistulogram and MRI is useful in detecting the aetiology of fistula in ano.


F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Hager Moustafa Saeed ◽  
Eman Mohammad Amr ◽  
Alshaimaa Rezk Lotfy Rezk ◽  
Wesam Abd Elmoneim

Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients’ medical records were also evaluated.  The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. 74.3% of the patients had oral candidiasis. The prevalence of skin lesions in LE patients was 37.6%. The most common finding was malar rash 79%. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state associated with an increased risk of cancer. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients’ nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.


2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Makhlouf ◽  
M. M. Fathalla ◽  
M. A. Zakhary ◽  
M. H. Makarem

ObjectivesTo investigate the expression of sulfatides in the tissue homogenates of malignant ovarian tumors, benign ovarian tumors, and control tissues and to study the relation between this marker and other clinico-pathological criteria such as the tumor type, grade of differentiation, surgical stage and ovulatory years.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biochemistry, Assuit university hospital.SubjectsForty-six patients had malignant ovarian tumors. Sixteen patients had benign ovarian neoplasm. Thirty patients, with normal ovaries, represented the control group.MethodsA sample of the tumor or from the normal ovary (the control group) was sent for histopathological and biochemical examination. Sulfatides were measured by a rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method.ResultsThere was a significant rise in benign tumors [median and range 43 (38–53)], than in the control group, 21 (18–31), P-value = 0.000. In malignant tumors, the median value of sulfatides was significantly higher than in benign tumors [127 (71–193), P-value = 0.000]. Sulfatides were significantly higher in patients with more ovulatory years and tumors of advanced stages (stage III/IV) and poor differentiation.ConclusionsSulfatides may play a role in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. It may also predict advanced stages in patients who are apparently early stage. It is also a candidate to study of their association with response to chemotherapy.


Author(s):  
Rema V. Nair ◽  
Raja Preethi ◽  
M. Vijayalekshmi

Background: Vaginal discharge in reproductive age poses a serious problem in the developing countries. Bacterial vaginosis also known as non-specific vaginitis is the most common cause of vaginal infections, detecting the organism at an early stage and initiating a proper treatment is very difficult in our country due to lack of awareness and proper follow-up. The disease manifests in the form of vaginal discharge with or without itching. It has a strong association with preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and low birth weight in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among the reproductive age group women, in a tertiary care centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women of the reproductive age group in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences over a period of one month October 2018 the diagnosis was made with history and nugents scoring system.Results: Out of the total 150 women enrolled in the study 74 had positive results, 50% of them were of the age group 26-30.Conclusions: The study shows us the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.


10.3823/2624 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida De Freitas Silveira ◽  
Tatiana Farias Teódulo Palitot ◽  
Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti ◽  
Gláucia De Souza Abreu ◽  
Liege Helena Freitas Fernandes ◽  
...  

Objective: To describe and analyze characteristics of cases of spinal cord Trauma (SCT) among traffic accident victims admitted to a referral hospital. Method: Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, developed in the city of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The population consists of 1,884 medical records of patients admitted to hospital after damage caused by traffic accidents from January to December 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: Among the victims of traffic accidents, there was a male predominance (85.4%). The most affected age group was 21 to 30 years (29%). Accidents involving motorcyclists were predominant (82.9%) and 43 victims (2.3%) suffered spinal injury. Among these ones, there was a prevalence of males (86%), in the age group between 21 and 30 years (35.7%). In 30 cases (69.8%), the victims had spinal injuries. The cervical level (55.8%) was dominant. In addition, 46.7% of the victims were classified as ASIA and there were 9 cases (30%) of paraplegia and 1 case (3.3%) of tetraplegia. A bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the variable presence of SCT and type of accident (p <0.001), use of cervical collar (p <0.005), injuries in other anatomical regions (p <0.001), surgical treatment (p < 0.001) and outcome of the patient’s situation (p <0.005). Conclusions: Among the victims of traffic accidents and SCT there was a predominance of males, young individuals and motorcyclists. Keywords: Epidemiology. Traffic-accidents. Public health. Spinal injuries. Spinal cord trauma.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Sanja Hadžić ◽  
Mirjana Gojkov-Vukelić ◽  
Enes Pašić ◽  
Arma Muharemović ◽  
Indira Mujić Jahić

SummaryBackground/Aim: Potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are lesions that have an increased risk of malignant transformation concerning healthy oral mucosa. This research aimed to assess the knowledge of students of final years of study on the potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity.Material and Methods: 120 students of the fourth and fifth years of study participated in this research,60 respondents were fourth-year students, 60 respondents were fifth-year students. All of the respondents signed informed consent.According to the type of research, this is a cross-sectional study which was conducted by completing a 15-item questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed and processed in the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program.Results: The results indicate that during the clinical examination the fourth and fifth-year students examine the oral mucosa as well. 61% of the students find themselves poorly informed on the PMOL. In the fourth year of study, only 5,5% of students responded that they were well informed, while in the fifth year that number totaled 28,5%. When knowledge self-assessment is concerned the difference has shown itself to be statistically significant between the fourth and fifth-year students. When asked what knowledge on the prevention of oral cancer they expect to receive during their studies, 78% of the students expected more knowledge than at that moment – 36% of which were fifth-year students, and 42% were fourth-year students.Conclusions: Even though the oral cavity is easily accessible to examination, the discovery of oral cancer occurs quite late. Ours, as well as results of other studies, impose the need for better theoretical and practical education of the students.


Author(s):  
Smruti Milan Tripathy ◽  
Poonji Gupta ◽  
Akshay Jain ◽  
Probal Chatterji

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lesions of the oral cavity are very common among the general population and account for a significant number of patients in the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology. The lesions of oral cavity can cause varied symptoms like pain, dysphagia, and difficulty in speaking. The lesions can range from simple benign conditions to life threatening malignancies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre from January 2019 till December 2019. All the 256 patients who presented to the outpatient department with lesions in the oral cavity during the given time period were included in the study after getting informed and written consent.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Aphthous ulcers were the most common lesion (18.7%) found in this study. Buccal mucosa (50%) and anterior 2/3<sup>rd</sup> of tongue (34.3%) were the most common sites involved. Total of 204/256 (79.6%) patient had some form of addiction which included both smoked and smokeless form of tobacco as the most common type of addiction. Among the tobacco smokers, 24/80 (30%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions while among tobacco chewers 37/76 (48.6%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Lesions of the oral cavity are common among Indian population due to high prevalence of tobacco addiction. A thorough history taking and examination can detect premalignant and malignant lesions at an early stage, so that timely treatment can reduce the mortality rates in such patients.</p>


Author(s):  
Yashodha Hassan Vasanthkumar ◽  
Mangala Hedne Chandrasekhar ◽  
Shamnur Basavrajappa Murugesh

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatoses affecting palms and soles are among the most difficult of all dermatological therapeutic problems. Apart from diagnostic difficulties, few palmoplantar dermatoses cause great discomfort and disability and may also affect a person's livelihood. To evaluate demographic aspects like age and gender wise distribution and clinical profile of patients suffering from palmoplantar dermatoses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2018 to July 2019 in the Department of Dermatology, venereology and leprosy in tertiary care centre. Total 200 cases attending the department of dermatology primarily with complaints pertaining to palms and soles with or without body part involvement in patients of age group between 5-70 yrs. and both sexes were enrolled in the study. Investigations such as direct microscopic examination of scrapings, wet mount with potassium hydroxide, Wood’s lamp examination, patch testing and sample for biopsy was taken. After taking consent a detailed history and clinical examination pertaining to the aim of the study was recorded and analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 200 patients were enrolled, among which 63% were males and 37% were females showing male predominance. The most common age group affected was 21-40 years. The most common chief complaint was itching (41.5%). Palmoplantar psoriasis was the most common dermatosis with 23.5% cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Palmoplantar dermatoses are frequently encountered in the dermatologic field. Early recognition of clinical symptoms and signs aids in diagnostic investigations and helps in appropriate and effective management of illness to improve the quality of life.</p>


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