Islam in the Colonial Policy of France: from the Origins to the Fifth Republic

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nikolai Diakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Muslim Immigration

History of relations between France and the Islamic world goes back to the first centuries of Hijra, when the Franks first faced the Caliphate and its troops in the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. On the eve of the New times Paris had already developed its numerous contacts with Turkey, Iran and the Arab West — the Maghreb area. The conquest of Algeria (from 1830) formed a basis of the French colonial empire in Africa and Asia with the growing role of Islam in political activities and ambitions of Paris. Millions of Muslims in French colonies contributed to growth of political and economic progress of their metropoly with its pretensions to become a great Muslim power. Meanwhile, thousands of them lost their lives during two great world wars of the 20th century. Waves of immigration gave birth to an impressive Islamic community (‘umma), in France, reaching about a million of residents by the middle of the 20th century. With the growth of Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East a number of Muslims among the natives of France also augmented. By the end of the last century the Muslims formed as much as about 10 % of the whole population of France. The “French Islam” born at the dawn of the 20th century. after a century of its evolution became an important civilizational reality of Europe, at times more attractive for the local youth than traditional Christian values, or the new ideals, brought with the winds of globalism, multiculturalism and a “non-stop consumerism”.

West African Cinema

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. McCall
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
West African ◽  
Video Production ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Francophone Africa ◽  
African Cinema ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
French Colonial

Motion picture technology developed at the dawn of the 20th century, just as the formal colonization of Africa was launched at the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885. While it took a few decades for cinema houses to spread in West Africa, by mid-century the colonial administrations began to use film as a means for conveying colonial culture to African subjects. For the British and French colonials, film was a means to shape public opinion. Both British and French colonial administrations criminalized indigenous filmmaking for fear of the subversive potential of anti-colonial messages—film communicated in one direction only. When West African nations became independent in the late 20th century, these restrictions vanished and Africans began to make films. This process played out differently in Francophone Africa than in Anglophone countries. France cultivated African filmmakers, sponsored training, and funded film projects. Talented and determined filmmakers in Anglophone Africa also struggled to produce celluloid films, but unlike their counterparts in former French colonies, they received little support from abroad. A significant number of excellent celluloid films were produced under this system, but largely in Francophone Africa. Though many of these filmmakers have gained global recognition, most remained virtually unknown in Africa outside the elite spaces of the FESPACO film festival and limited screenings at French embassies. Though West African filmmakers have produced an impressive body of high-quality work, few Africans beyond the intellectual elite know of Africa’s most famous films. This paradox of a continent with renowned filmmakers but no local film culture began to change in the 1990s when aspiring artists in Nigeria and Ghana began to make inexpensive movies using video technology. Early works were edited on VCRs, but as digital video technology advanced, this process of informal video production quickly spread to other regions. The West African video movie industry has grown to become one of the most prominent, diverse, and dynamic expressions of a pan-African popular culture in Africa and throughout the global diaspora.

History of French Colonial Policy. 1870-1925

1930 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
G. R. C. ◽  
Stephen H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial

Republican Imperialisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-142
Author(s):  
Christina Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
History Of Empire

In the 1880s and 1890s, a wave of histories of colonial empire appeared in France. But even though they were produced by members of similar republican colonial advocacy groups, these accounts narrated the history of empire in contradictory ways. Some positioned “colonial empire” as an enterprise with ancient roots, while others treated modern colonization as distinct. Some argued that French colonial empire was a unique enterprise in line with republican ideals, but others insisted that it was a European-wide project that transcended domestic political questions. By tracing the differences between these accounts, this article highlights the flexibility that characterized late nineteenth-century republican understandings of empire. It also points to the ways republican advocates for colonial expansion during this period looked both historically and comparatively to legitimize their visions for empire’s future in France.

Genesis and characteristics of the Christian worldwide (based on the publications of the «Nyva» journal (Lviv, 1904—1939s) and in the works of theologists of the late 19th ― early 20th cc.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Roman Blikharskyi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
First Time

The Ukrainian religious Christian press, since its inception, was an important means of disseminating information necessary for the life of the Church. Besides the issues of purely Christian doctrine, the authors of religious journals outlined and criticized the ideological tendencies among the representatives of the Ukrainian secular intelligentsia. Their scientific, artistic, social and political activities greatly influenced the then social realities, and partially determined a political future of Ukraine. In the early 20th century, on the pages of the Ukrainian Galician religious periodicals, namely the «Nyva» journal (Lviv, 1904—1939s), there were published a series of articles dealing with the Christian worldview. We have elucidated the reasons why in the late 19th century—the early 20th century for the first time there emerged a necessity to discuss the Christian worldview, contrary to other non-religious worldview models of the modernity. The history of the worldview concept and variation of approaches to its meaning clarifying, the theory of the process of formation of the mindset as well as ways of classification of its different forms, specifically religious worldview, in the philosophical works of Karl Jaspers, Max Scheler and Wilhelm Dilthey, have been researched. As for the Christian-based worldview, we have determined the approaches to the systematization and unification of the ideological principles of the Christians. Those were studied in the writings of thinkers of different Christian denominations, namely Protestantism (James Orr, Abraham Kuyper), Orthodoxy (Mikhail Tareiev), and Catholicism (specifically, the authors of the «Nyva» journal). Keywords: worldview, Christianity, Christian worldview, religion, philosophy, religious periodicals, «Nyva» journal.

‘King of West Africa’? Bernard Bourdillon and the Politics of the West African Governors' Conference, 1940–1942

Itinerario ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Olukoju
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
War Effort ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Second World

The outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 and the collapse of French resistance to the German onslaught a year later were momentous events which had far-reaching implications for France, Britain, and their colonies. In West Africa, the war affected existing patterns of inter-state relations within and across the French/British imperial divides, which were further complicated for the British by the emergence of two blocs in the French colonial empire – Vichy and Free French. It was in this context that the West African Governors' Conference was created in 1940 to coordinate the war effort and to manage relations with the French colonies.

scholarly journals MAIN FEATURES OF FRENCH COLONIAL POLICY IN ALGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Nuskabai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Work ◽  
European Population ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we investigated the history of Algeria in the period of colonial expansion of France. Explored the main aspects of this problem, characterized by various stages of social, economic and cultural development of colonial Algeria. The coexistence of the indigenous Algerian people and the European population in the years of French colonial rule is one of the most important factors that determined the whole course of modern history of Algeria. In this research work investigated the main features of the colonial policy of France in the nineteenth century, the impact of colonization on Algerian society, economic, social and political structure of Algeria during the French and European domination, and the liberation war in Algeria, the collapse of colonial rule and independence.

scholarly journals Semi-presidential (mixed) republic: historical roots and problematic aspects of terminology (experience of French politico-legal science)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Slezhenkov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Constitutional Regime

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the elaboration and introduction into scientific parlance of the concept of a semi-presidential republic (mixed government) by French scientists. In the introductory part of the work, the author noted the socio-historical and political-legal prerequisites for the development of relevant ideas, associated primarily with the affirmation of the specific constitutional regime of the Fifth Republic in France. In the main part of the study, the author highlights the discussion aspects of the concept and essence of the form of government under consideration, as well as the history of the emergence and development of related terminology through the prism of analysis of the work of leading French legal scholars from the 50s - 70s of the 20th century. According to the results of the work, it's identified the problems associated with a modern understanding of the essence of the studied form of government are identified, as well as the possibilities of updating the considered historical and theoretical legal experience to overcome them.

THE UPRISING OF JULY 1936 AND INTERNATIONAL GANGSTERISM OF THE FASCIST ITALY

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ángel Viñas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Know How ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

The origin of the civil war is a central theme in the history of Spain in the 20th century and has given rise to intense debates. In the author's opinion, it was the result of the combination of structural conditions (economic and social underdevelopment, accelerated modernization pro-cess, resistance to it), all necessary, but not sufficient. The latter were determined by two factors: the existence of a conspiracy against the Spanish Republic since its very advent in 1931 and the inability of the republican governments to effectively cut it off in 1936. They did not know how to do so despite all the measures adopted but, at the same time Dessert, they could not either because from the first years of his life his monarchical adversaries had the help of fascist Italy. This was gradually materializing until an agreement was reached in March 1934, well known, but also very disfigured. It was the unequivocal signal that Mussolini was willing to curtail the republican experience in Spain in order to establish fascist influence in the western Mediterranean. The unequivocal signal was given in October 1935, in parallel with the in-vasion of Abyssinia. In June 1936, after victory, he turned again to Spain. His commitment materialized in contracts for the supply of war material, for a short war, on July 1 of the same year. The author has uncovered one of the most disfigured enigmas of the origin of the civil war.

The Colonial History of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Royer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
World War ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Military ◽  
Upper Volta

Burkina Faso has a remarkable history owing to repeated dissolution and reunification of its territory. Following the French colonial conquest in 1896, a military territory was established over a large part of what would become Upper Volta. In 1905, the military territory was integrated in the civilian colony of Upper Senegal and Niger with headquarters in Bamako. Following a major anticolonial war in 1915–16, the colony of Upper Volta with Ouagadougou as its capital was created in 1919, for security reasons and as a labor reservoir for neighboring colonies. Dismantled in 1932, Upper Volta was partitioned among neighboring colonies. It was recreated after World War II as an Overseas Territory (Territoire d’Outre-mer) within the newly created French Union (Union française). In 1960, Upper Volta gained its independence, but the nation experienced a new beginning in 1983 when it was renamed Burkina Faso by the revolutionary government of Thomas Sankara. The policies and debates that shaped the colonial history of Burkina Faso, while important in themselves, are a reflection of the larger West African history and French colonial policy.

Needs and Opportunities in French Colonial History

Itinerario ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Pierre H. Boulle
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New France ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
General Overview ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
French Colonial

If anything is clear to the student of the history of the early modern French colonial enterprise, it is the need for a general overview to equal Boxer's and Parry's fine volumes on the Dutch, Portuguese and Spanish seaborne empires, or George Winius' volume in the Minnesota series. Not that such volumes on the French colonies do not exist, in French. Indeed, there has not been a decade since the 1920s without some such publication. None of them, however, appears to me to be wholly satisfactory. The glorification of the French ‘mission’ characterizing the earlier works nowjars; the more recent works are more balanced, but still, on the whole, too descriptive. This is particularly the case for the Histoire de la France coloniale, des origines à 1914. While the authors responsible for the period which interests us, Jean Meyer and Jean Tarrade, have produced distinguished works on the French overseas empire, their survey remains somewhat uncritical and, at least for the seventeenth century, very thin. As to the treatment of New France, it draws on a rather unreliable series of monographies.

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