scholarly journals Turkey and the European Union: Possible Incidence of the EU Accession on Migration Flows

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Glazar ◽  
Wadim Strielkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Czech agriculture after the accession to the European Union – impacts on the development of its multifunctionality

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Doucha ◽  
I. Foltýn
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Collective Farms

The article presents the evaluation of multifunctionality of Czech agriculture and its individual farm categories in the period of 2003–2005. It compares the situation before and after the EU accession. The assessment is based on the set of indicators for the three elementary axes of multifunctionality: economic efficiency, relations to environment and relations to rural development. Applying the presented method of multi-criterion evaluation and during the period of 2003–2005 on average, the highest level of multifunctionality is found in the category of farms of physical persons with 101–300 ha (score 174) and the lowest level in the category of collective farms – cooperatives and joint stock companies (score about 115). However, compared with the pre-accession period, the collective farms show the highest growth of the score (by 17%) after the EU accession.

scholarly journals The Situation and Prospects of Hungarian Rural Development Preceding EU Accession

2004 ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Zoltán Fürj
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

Today’s Hungarian rural development is defined by the fact, that Hungary will be a member state of the European Union from May 1, 2003. Our accession means the end of a long period, and new rural development programs that are going to build on the basic of previously accepted EU standards and experience will highlight the immediate future.From the Hungarian rural development programs I especially dealt with the SAPARD, AVOP and NVT, which in my opinion had and will have the greatest influence on the improvement of the Hungarian county. The AVOP and NVT are still under development (or just submitted to the EU), but their role in the future will be particularly essential, because these programs are going the act as the first programs in Hungary as a member state and a lot will depend on them in the improvement of the rural development.

Croatia and the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pero Maldini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Eu

Croatia’s accession to the European Union (EU) meant, in political terms, the recognition of its political and normative-institutional achievements in the establishment of a nation state and the democracy. At the same time, for the vast majority of Croatian citizens EU membership also had a symbolic meaning: a departure from the troubled past and a return to the Western, European cultural circle, which they have always felt they belong to. This feeling is the source for the strong pro-European orientation, which, as state independence was being achieved, and democracy established—as an expression of the strong political will of Croatian citizens for freedom and autonomy—helped achieve those historical and political goals. The EU was perceived as a framework that would enable those goals to be realized, so there was a general political consensus about joining it among all relevant political actors, and the vast majority of Croatian citizens granted their consent. The path to full EU membership was long and arduous, primarily because of the specific conditions that marked the process of establishing a Croatian state and a democratic order. On the one hand, these are endogenous structural and socio-cultural factors: the structure and activity of political actors and the functioning of institutions, which were significantly marked by their authoritarian political and historical legacy. On the other hand, was a war of aggression and a struggle for freedom and independence with long-lasting and difficult social and political consequences. These specific conditions—which none of the other acceding countries had—slowed down the process of democratization and, consequently, hampered the EU accession process. All these reasons are why Croatia had the most comprehensive and longest accession negotiations, including the most extensive body of pre-accession conditions. Although the extent and duration of negotiations, as well as the lack of expected support from the EU (especially during the war) have led to an increase in Euroskepticism and criticism of the EU—and consequently to the low turnout in the referendum for accession—the pro-European orientation remained dominant in Croatia. In general, public support for EU accession in Croatia was based on a set of mutually connected factors: identity-based (cultural affiliation), institutional-political (democracy), and utilitarian (socioeconomic benefits). In the period after joining the EU, due to insufficient preparation, Croatia has relatively slowly used the opportunities (especially economic) provided by EU. Nevertheless, EU membership has accelerated the increase in institutional capacity and better use of European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF). At the same time, the free movement of people, goods, capital, and services, and the opportunities brought by the open EU market, had a double impact: strengthening the economy due to greater orientation toward the EU market, but also slower economic growth, due to structural problems (the lingering power of the state, and regulations to the economy and the market) and increased emigration of the highly educated younger population (chronic labor-force deficit). Nonetheless, through Croatia’s participation in the EU institutions, the real benefits of full membership are becoming increasingly visible, and the sense of integration in the EU’s social, political, cultural, and economic space is growing stronger. At the same time, EU membership affects further improvement of the normative-institutional framework of Croatia.

Democratic and Market Governance in Romania: Between Domestic Politics and EU Accession

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia T. Young
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Market Governance ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Eu

Institutional reforms to regulate the market environment and the proper functioning of democracy have been mandated by the European Union to accession countries. In spite of the uniform creation of such regulatory frameworks, governance problems persist, especially in the newest members of the EU. I analyze the institution al reform record in both market and political governance, as well as the effectiveness of these institutions, in the case of Romania, one of the laggards of reform. I argue that the EU did significantly support reform efforts, but insufficient domestic commitment to reform has resulted in ineffective institutions.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v4i1.194

scholarly journals Democratic and Market Governance in Romania: Between Domestic Politics and EU Accession

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia T Young
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Market Governance ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Eu

Institutional reforms to regulate the market environment and the proper functioning of democracy have been mandated by the European Union to accession countries. In spite of the uniform creation of such regulatory frameworks, governance problems persist, especially in the newest members of the EU. I analyze the institution al reform record in both market and political governance, as well as the effectiveness of these institutions, in the case of Romania, one of the laggards of reform. I argue that the EU did significantly support reform efforts, but insufficient domestic commitment to reform has resulted in ineffective institutions.

scholarly journals Improvement of the National Research, Development and Innovation Strategy 2014-2020 in Comparison with the National Research, Development and Innovation Strategy 2007-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Alecusan ◽  
Andrei Dimitrescu ◽  
George Adir
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Research Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union regularly develops research, development, innovation (RDI) strategies for seven years for member countries. Romania benefited from the first RDI strategy during the period 2000-2007, during which our country was trying to meet the conditions of EU accession. Romania is a member of the EU since 1st January 2007 and started, based on the EU’s RDI strategy, to develop its own strategy. The present paper aims to analyze the achievement of the general and specific objectives established by National Strategy for Research, Development and Innovation (NSRDI) 2007-2013, the evolution of the results 2014-2017 and what could be the measures and programs taken by Romania in 2019-2020 to bring our country closer to achieving the established objectives through NSRDI for the period 2014-2020.

scholarly journals The Hidden Business Costs Of European Union Enlargement: The Case Of The Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Phillips ◽  
Emil Stark ◽  
Jerry Wheat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Eu

Enlargement of the European Union (EU) will take place on May 1, 2004. Nine countries from Eastern Europe will become full fledged members of the union. While these countries have met the EU accession criteria many are not really ready to compete with Western European companies. One of the major impediments for firms in the East is the hidden costs of joining the union. This paper explores some of the case of the Czech Republic, what hidden costs are currently apparent, and suggests changes that would make the Czech Republic more competitive in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Is the European Migration Crisis Caused by Russian Hybrid Warfare?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Viljar Veebel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

Recent developments in European security situation, starting with the Russia-Ukraine conflict, followed by the complicated Brexit and political instability in the Middle East and North Africa, have given rise to instability in the European Union. Yet, none of the other factors could be compared with the risks caused by the massive influx of refugees into the EU that challenges both solidarity and responsibility of the member states. In this context, it is extremely important to understand the actual security threats related to the refugee crisis and the root causes of growing refugee flows. This article discusses the roots of large-scale migration flows in the European Union (EU) over the present decade and investigates the potential link between migration flows and modern hybrid warfare, referring to the coordination of various modes of warfare, such as military and non-military means, conventional and non-conventional capabilities, state and non-state actors with an aim to cause instability and disarrangement. It is intriguing to investigate whether the increase in migration flows could be linked to present confrontation in the global arena on the Russia-West axis. Common patterns of migration flows from Syria and Ukraine to the EU are discussed, as well as policy recommendations are given to diminish the negative impact of similar events in the future.

The Balkan Migration Route

2022 ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Khudoliy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the chapter is to assess and link the issues of migration flows with the accession process of the Balkan countries and the European Union enlargement policy. The chapter argues that despite the recent changes in the EU commission's policy towards the candidate countries there is more to be done to foster the process and encourage domestic reforms in the countries. The chapter examines the process of migration along the Balkan migration route from 2001 till 2021 and its influence on the European Union policy and the policy of Balkan countries. The author links the issue of migration flows with the accession process of the Balkan countries, traces the connection between the issue of migration flows with the European Union enlargement, and analyzes the legal steps taken by the EU and the countries of the region in order to control the process of migration.

Economic Transformation of Austrian Agriculture since EU Accession

2016 ◽  
pp. 299-329
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler ◽  
Christina Mayer ◽  
Karl Michael Ortner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

After joining the European Union (EU) in 1995 Austria adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This chapter reviews the changes in agricultural production and the economic situation of agriculture since the accession to the EU. The analysis is primarily based on macro-economic data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) over the period between 1995 and 2014. Select examples identify the developments applicable for Austria – also in comparison to other EU countries and groups of countries as well as to Switzerland. Expectations and forecasts regarding the consequences of integration, e.g. changes in the price levels, have been more or less fulfilled but there is a need for further research on the development of regions and on special issues such as the resilience of Austrian agriculture.

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