scholarly journals Export Product Scope of Russian Firms and Proximity to Local Comparative Advantages

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-81
Keyword(s):  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Product Scope ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Proximity Measures ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Export Product

This paper explores the relationship between the structure of regional comparative advantages and the dynamics of the export product scope of Russian manufacturing enterprises. For this purpose, indices of revealed technological proximity of industries are calculated on the basis of data on types of economic activities and the export product scope of Russian enterprises. The methodology for calculating these indicators is based on the assumption that technologically closer types of activities are, to a certain degree, more often co-produced and co-exported within the boundaries of individual enterprises. This measure of technological proximity has several advantages over the traditionally used indicators. Estimates show that the constructed indices reflect different aspects of technological proximity of industries and can be considered as composite indicators. Technological proximity measures are used to calculate the index of product proximity to the structure of export comparative advantages of Russian regions. This index is statistically related to the probability of a product being included in the export product scope of a Russian exporter, to the probability of the product being excluded from the export product scope and, as a result, to the value and dynamics of exports of this product by the regional enterprises. These findings indicate that there is a relationship between the current structure of the regional comparative advantage and the direction in which the range of exports of Russian enterprises located in this region evolves. The results of the study can be used for designing economic policy measures aimed at diversification of production and export of the Russian regions, in particular on the basis of existing producers and exporters, as well as applied by the firms themselves to detect the most promising directions of activity expansion taking into account the production structure of the region which the given firm is located at.

scholarly journals A Research on the Moderating Effect of Company Demographics on the Relationship between Business Combination and Current Ratio using Structural Equation Model: A Test of Agency and Transaction Theories

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S2) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Business Combination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Globalization of economic activities created opportunities and threats for companies of different industries to be constantly evolving to compete with local and global competitors. For firms in emerging economies to be ahead of the pack, mergers and acquisitions are the way to go. M&As allow companies to expand faster as it assist them penetrate new markets and cross-sell into different customer bases, improve access to capital, and provide greater advantages over its competitors. With the noticeable relevance of business combination activities, this study aimed to determine whether company demographics strengthens or weakens the relationship between business combination and current ratio. Structural Model Equation (SEM) approach was used to analyze the data derived from 25 publicly listed companies in the Philippines over a 15-year horizon, 2000 - 2015. Findings suggest that there are direct relationships between business combination and current ratio as well as company demographics and current ratio. Also, the moderation of company demographics was proved to have a significant effect on the existing relationship of the independent and dependent variables. Agency and transaction cost theories supported the given results.

Retrospective analysis of the resilience of Russian regions as socio-economic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofiya М. Kazakova ◽  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the impact of various socio-economic and financial indicators on the resilience of Russian regions. For each region, the integral index of resilience is calculated, and its correlation dependence with the selected indicators is revealed. The study confirms the relationship between fiscal resilience and socio-economic resilience of the regions. The analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016 shows that there are significant differences in the dynamics of indicators in different periods. In particular, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of the crises of 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 in non-resilient regions is higher than in resilient ones.

scholarly journals Algebras Describing Pseudocomplemented, Relatively Pseudocomplemented and Sectionally Pseudocomplemented Posets

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ivan Chajda ◽  
Helmut Länger
Keyword(s):  
Universal Algebra ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Pseudocomplemented Poset ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Congruence Properties

In order to be able to use methods of universal algebra for investigating posets, we assigned to every pseudocomplemented poset, to every relatively pseudocomplemented poset and to every sectionally pseudocomplemented poset, a certain algebra (based on a commutative directoid or on a λ-lattice) which satisfies certain identities and implications. We show that the assigned algebras fully characterize the given corresponding posets. A certain kind of symmetry can be seen in the relationship between the classes of mentioned posets and the classes of directoids and λ-lattices representing these relational structures. As we show in the paper, this relationship is fully symmetric. Our results show that the assigned algebras satisfy strong congruence properties which can be transferred back to the posets. We also mention applications of such posets in certain non-classical logics.

scholarly journals Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Korean Honorific Expressions

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Yongkeun Hwang ◽  
Yanghoon Kim ◽  
Kyomin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Neural machine translation (NMT) is one of the text generation tasks which has achieved significant improvement with the rise of deep neural networks. However, language-specific problems such as handling the translation of honorifics received little attention. In this paper, we propose a context-aware NMT to promote translation improvements of Korean honorifics. By exploiting the information such as the relationship between speakers from the surrounding sentences, our proposed model effectively manages the use of honorific expressions. Specifically, we utilize a novel encoder architecture that can represent the contextual information of the given input sentences. Furthermore, a context-aware post-editing (CAPE) technique is adopted to refine a set of inconsistent sentence-level honorific translations. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, honorific-labeled test data is required. Thus, we also design a heuristic that labels Korean sentences to distinguish between honorific and non-honorific styles. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms sentence-level NMT baselines both in overall translation quality and honorific translations.

scholarly journals TARGET MODAL SPLIT MODEL

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Basarić ◽  
Jadranka Jović
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Statistical Results

The research presented in this paper is aimed at defining a model that enables the management of the relationship between private vehicles and public transport applying the available instruments of city transport policy such as parking policy and public transport policy measures. Statistical data used for modelling is sourced from the database in a wide range of EU cities. The target model was developed in the form of stepwise regression analysis. Very favourable statistical results were obtained, and the subsequent tests on the city of Novi Sad (250000 inhabitants) led to the conclusion that the obtained results were suitable for implementation in practice. The results of the implemented procedure are of great importance for the enhancement of the existing transport policies in cities, as they enable the development of strategies for finding combinations of instruments that would bring the transport system and urban environment into a desired-viable rather than consequential condition.

Developing algorithms to optimize the Russian regions' social overheads advancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-299
Author(s):  
Valerii P. CHICHKANOV ◽  
Aleksandra V. VASIL'EVA
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of public administration in the social sphere. Objectives. The article aims to standardize the decision-making process for managing the region's social development through statistical analysis techniques. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and cluster analyses. Results. The article highlights weaknesses in the development of the social sphere and assesses the relationship between the individual areas of its development, and the effectiveness of its financing. It offers algorithms that take into account the patterns of social development and the specifics of certain types of economic activity. Conclusions. The results obtained were used to develop algorithms to optimize the development of the social sphere at the regional level. The socio-economic differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects in a number of regions requires an analysis of the specifics of the development of the social sphere of the region under consideration and adjustments to the proposed algorithms.

scholarly journals NATO between Exclusivity and Inclusivity: Measuring NATO’s Partnerships

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Branislav Mičko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Building on an original dataset, this article focuses on the interactions between NATO and its declared worldwide partners. It argues that the analysis of these interactions can reveal NATO’s strategic approach to partnerships, but it can also provide a tool for its classification as an organisation that is either exclusive – defined by the focus on defence of its members, or inclusive – emphasising the global protection of democracies and human rights. The relationship between types of interactions and NATO categorisation is estimated using an unconditional negative binomial regression with fixed effects as well as a within-between (hybrid) model. Furthermore, they are illustrated on two brief case studies of Sweden and Japan. The results of the study suggest that NATO engages primarily with countries that are powerful relative to their neighbourhood, even though they are not the most powerful among the partners. The given country’s level of democracy, integration into the international institutions, and stability, do not seem to play any overarching role here.

scholarly journals Coping strategies as mediators in the relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement

Psihologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Genc
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The University ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

In most modern societies, nearly every realm of life involves some form of evaluation of our knowledge, abilities and skills. Given the potentially significant consequences of exams, it is not surprising that they are often very stressful. This study aimed to determine the existence and nature of the relationships between level of test anxiety, coping strategies, and achieved success on a mid-term test. As well as examining the direct relations between the given variables, our primary interest was to investigate the potential mediating role of coping mechanisms between the input and output variables of the examined stressful transaction. The study was conducted on a sample of 263 students from the Psychology and German Studies Departments of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Novi Sad. According to our results, only emotion-focused coping mechanisms were statistically significant mediators in the relationship between level of test anxiety and mid-term test achievement. The results indicate that students with high test anxiety who employ predominantly emotion-focused coping strategies score lower on a pre-exam knowledge test.

scholarly journals La Población De La Jurisdicción De Ixmiquilpan A Través Del Padrón De Revillagigedo,1791

Xihmai ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verenice Cipatli Ramí­rez Calva
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Los Grupos

Resumen Durante los siglos XVI y XVII la población de la jurisdicción de Ixmiquilpan tení­a dos actividades económicas importantes: la crí­a de ganado menor y el cultivo. Este panorama se transforma radicalmente hacia finales del siglo XVIII; para entonces eran contados los pueblos que se dedicaban a la agricultura, en cambio, abundaban los asentamientos cuya principal actividad era la arrierí­a. En las zonas cercanas a las minas los oficios principales eran los de jornalero, minero o arriero de metales; mientras que en los lugares donde no habí­a cultivos ni posibilidades de vender la fuerza de trabajo en labores agrí­colas o mineras, una opción viable era el tallado y tejido de la lechuguilla. El estudio del padrón 1791 nos permite adentrarnos en estos aspectos e, incluso, conocer la composición étnica, el parentesco entre los miembros y edades de los grupos domésticos. Palabras clave: Ixmiquilpan, padrones, siglo XVIII, economí­a.   Abstract During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the population of the jurisdiction of Ixmiquilpan had two major economic activities: sheep breeding and farming. This view changed radically in the late eighteenth century, by which time there were few people engaged in farming, however, there were many settlements whose main activity was the mule driving. In areas near the mines were the main occupations of laborers, miners, or carriers of metals, while in places where there was no chance of selling crops or the labor force in agriculture or mining, an option was the carving and lettuce tissue.   The study of the 1791 census allows us to get into these issues and even know the ethnic composition, the relationship between members and ages of family groups. Keywords: Ixmiquilpan, census, century  XVIII, economy.

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