Thermodynamically Equilibrium Compositions of the Products Formed During the Filtration Combustion of the Metal-Containing Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
E.A. Salgansky ◽  
D.N. Podlesniy ◽  
M.V. Tsvetkov ◽  
A.Yu. Zaichenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Filtration Combustion ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Equilibrium Calculation ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Thermodynamically Equilibrium ◽  
Thermochemical Equilibrium ◽  
Filtration Combustion Wave

Thermodynamic calculations for describing the compositions of the products formed in conditions of the filtration combustion of the metal-containing mixtures were carried out. The analysis of the equilibrium compositions of the products was carried out using the TERRA high-temperature thermochemical equilibrium calculation program. According to the results of calculations, the metals were divided into two groups. First one forms both the condensed and gaseous phases and in the second one ‒ metals that are only in the condensed phase. In case of the presence of metal compounds in the gas phase, as a rule, these are the following compounds: metals, oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, sulfides and metal sulfates. Metals of the second group cannot be subjected to mass transfer under conditions of the filtration combustion wave and will remain in solid combustion products (in ash).

Formation Mechanism of AlZrO and ZrAlON Phases in Al-ZrO2-N2 Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1234-1238
Author(s):  
Rong Lin Wang ◽  
Jia Lin Sun ◽  
Jing Long Bu ◽  
Zhi Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Contact Reaction ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

Al-ZrO2 composites were sintered in N2 atmosphere at 1000 oC, 1100 oC, 1200 oC and 1300 oC with ZrO2 and Al powders as raw materials. Formation mechanism of AlZrO and ZrAlON phases in Al-ZrO2-N2 systems were investigated by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM and EDS analyses. Results showed there existed new phases of ZrAl3O3N and AlxZr1-xO2-0.5x beside ZrO, ZrN, Al2O3, AlN and intermediate phases of Al7O3N5, Al8O3N6, ZrON, ZrON2, Zr7O8N4 in samples sintered at 1000 oC to 1300 oC. There existed process of mass transfer of ZrO2 in gas phase in samples at high temperature. Dynamics processes of ZrAl3O3N and AlxZr1-xO2-0.5x phases formed in N2 atmosphere at high temperature included contact reaction and ZrAlON sosoloid crystallization.

High-temperature phases in ternary Zr–O–N systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 3840-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Dreizin ◽  
Vern K. Hoffmann ◽  
Edward P. Vicenzi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Combustion Product ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Metal Combustion

Zirconium aerosol was ignited and burned in atmospheric pressure air in microgravity using a 2.2-s drop tower. Combustion products were collected and analyzed using electron microscopy. The elemental composition analyses indicated that combustion product compositions fell along two linear traces on a ternary Zr–O–N diagram. Currently, the equilibrium Zr–O–N phases are not characterized at temperatures above 2000 °C, typical of zirconium combustion in air, and it is suggested that the phases detected in zirconium combustion products can serve as a guide to further studies of the Zr–O–N system at high temperatures. It is also suggested that experimental metal combustion techniques can be adopted for studying high-temperature metal–gas phase equilibria.

MANIFLEX-FM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract MANIFLEX-FM is a free-machining chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel which offers excellent high-temperature strength and hardness with good corrosion resistance to combustion products. It is widely used exhaust components in automotive engines. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-291. Producer or source: Carpenter.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

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