scholarly journals The Queen of Propaganda: Boudica’s Representation in Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Eleanor Mary Vannan
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Comparative Examination

Boudica was an Iceni queen c. 60 CE in Roman-occupied Britain who revolted against the Roman empire. While there is a scarcity of primary sources that document her life, Boudica has remained a dominant figure in conceptualisations of British national identity. This paper examines the works of the Roman historians, the archaeological record, and the depictions of Boudica in different periods and analyses the ability of historians to record events without being influenced by the ideology of their contemporary periods. Through a comparative examination of sources, this paper argues that Boudica should not be approached as a verifiable historical figure but as a tool to understand imperial propaganda.

Blind to Chains? The Potential of Bioarchaeology for Identifying the Enslaved of Roman Britain

Britannia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 251-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
New World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
The Poor

AbstractThis research explores the contribution bioarchaeology can make to the study of slavery in Roman Britain, responding to the calls by Webster and colleagues for the greater use of osteological and scientific techniques in this endeavour. It reviews the evidence for the bodies of the enslaved in the primary sources and bioarchaeological evidence from the New World and the Roman Empire. The paper aims to establish patterns of physiological stress and disease, which could be used to reconstruct osteobiographies of these individuals, and applies these findings to bioarchaeological evidence from Britain. It concludes that at the present time, it may not be possible for us to successfully separate out the enslaved from the poor or bonded labourers, because their life experiences were very similar. Nevertheless, these people are overlooked in the archaeological record, so unless we attempt to search for them in the extant evidence, the life experiences of the majority of the Romano-British population who were vital to its economy will remain lost to us.

scholarly journals ‘A Most Select Gathering’. Mexican National Pilgrimages to Rome during the Papacy of Leo XIII

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ramón Solans
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Holy See

The objective of this article is to analyse Mexican national pilgrimages to Rome that took place during the pontificate of Leo XIII (1878–1903). These pilgrimages occurred in the context of a global Catholic mobilisation in support of the papacy, during the so-called Roman Question. This paper’s analysis of these pilgrimages draws from historiography about national pilgrimages, as well as studies on Catholic mobilisation in support of the pope in the second half of the nineteenth century. It is fundamentally based on primary sources of an official nature, such as reports and other printed documents produced on the occasion of the pilgrimage. The study’s primary conclusion is that national pilgrimages to Rome had a polysemic character since they brought together various religious and national identities. The pilgrimages contributed simultaneously to reinforcing the link between Catholicism and Mexican national identity and the global dimension of Catholicism and allegiance to the Holy See.

National identity and money: Czech and Slovak Lands 1918–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Veselkova ◽  
Julius Horvath
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political Power ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
International Audience

An expanding literature on money and identity is built around the assumption that political elites deliberately use currency design to foster national identities. However, the empirical evidence in favor of this assumption has been fragmentary. Drawing on detailed primary sources we demonstrate nationalist intentions of political elites involved in currency design. We also examine how political elites use banknotes as official pronouncements on who is and who is not part of the nation and what the official attitude toward foreigners is. By tracing changes in the inclusive and exclusive messages directed at an intra-state or international audience we document that there is no connection between ingroup (national) love and outgroup (foreigners, minorities, opposition) hate. The amount of exclusive messages to outgroups culminated in conditions of perceived threat when political leaders tried to mobilize pre-existing identities to secure or maintain political power. In contrast, the officials deliberately tried to broaden ingroup boundaries in order to build international communities. Finally, we document that in the case of limited support for the new conception of identity, officials tried to depict the old and the new identity as complementary, embedding the new identity in existing discourses.

scholarly journals Defining Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Leyli I. Behbahani
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Politics Of Resistance ◽  
Western Influences

Shabnam Holliday’s Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance is a timely investigationof the Iranian national identity. Through careful discursiveanalysis of a number of texts, including primary sources – speeches, statements,and interviews – as well as articles on the Iranian identity in generaland national identity in particular, Holliday seeks to show how discoursesand counter-discourses emerge and shape the ways Iranians imagine anddefine their national identity. Such deconstruction regards texts producedsince the Pahalvis reign as a preface to her main focus on those producedduring and after Seyyed Mohammad Khatami’s presidency. By lookingat the genealogy of tensions and dynamics between Irānīyat (referring topre-Islamic Iran), Islāmīyat (referring to Islam, namely Persian Shi’i), andthe Western influences in defining what it means to be Iranian, Hollidayillustrates the roots of the “contemporary Iranian national identity” and“Iranian cosmopolitanism” (127) ...

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Mintzker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
German Nation ◽  
German Speaking

This introductory chapter discusses how the historical figure of Joseph Süss Oppenheimer—also known as Jew Süss—is incredibly elusive, and any understanding of him must begin with the political and legal regimes under which he lived and died. Oppenheimer spent almost his entire life in the southwest corner of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. In the eighteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was the general political organization that connected the hundreds of more or less sovereign polities in German-speaking central Europe. Especially important for understanding Oppenheimer's case is the fact that the Empire's members shared a common legal system scholars term “inquisitorial.”

Luther's Conception of Territorial and National Loyalty

1948 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
The First World War ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
Territorial States ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The Luther renaissance of our century was in large part a consequence of the determination of German scholars to find an explanation for the debacle of their nation following the First World War. For this reason the attitude of the first truly German genius of modern times toward the German territorial states and the Holy Roman Empire has been a matter of primary concern. This concern was intensified by the resurgence of German nationalism under the totalitarianism of the National Socialists who set about to interpret the life and work of every important historical figure of Germany in the light of the new national faith. German scholars will again study Luther's writings for the purpose of finding hope and inspiration after the catastrophic consequences of the Second World War is already indicated by the frequent references to the importance of religion in Germany's historical evolution.

Elite intercommunal bargaining and conflict resolution: The role of the Communities Liaison Committee in Malaya, 1949–51

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
Political Landscape

Between 1949 and 1951, the Communities Liaison Committee (CLC), an unofficial body comprising leaders from the main Malayan ethnic communities, served as a prototype for elite intercommunal conflict resolution during a very challenging period amid an ongoing communist insurgency. Drawing upon previously inaccessible primary sources, this article reassesses the CLC's work towards resolving divisive issues such as Malay economic backwardness, federal citizenship, national identity, education and language in Malaya. This article argues that the CLC played a significantly bigger role than previously recognised and influenced government policy considerably. Equally importantly, it entrenched the concept of consociationalism, which was to shape the Malayan political landscape long thereafter.

The question of prehistoric silks in Europe

Antiquity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (336) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Bender Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Textiles And Clothing

Textiles and clothing are among the most visible aspects of human social and symbolic behaviour and yet they have left all too few traces in the archaeological record and it is easy to overlook their importance. Luxury textiles such as silk can additionally provide evidence of long-distance contact, notably between Europe and China during the Han dynasty and the Roman empire. But can these connections be projected back in time to the prehistoric period? The late Irene Good proposed a number of identifications of silk in Iron Age Europe and was instrumental in bringing the issue to wider attention. Closer examination reported here, however, calls those identifications into question. Instead, the case is put that none of the claimed Iron Age silks can be confirmed, and that early traffic in silk textiles to Europe before the Roman period cannot be substantiated.

scholarly journals Cuban Abakuá Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence for the African Diaspora

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Miller
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
West African ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Cross River ◽  
African Identity ◽  
Historical Figure

Abstract:The Cuban Abakuá society—derived from the Èfik Ékpè and Ejagham Úgbè societies of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon—was founded in Havana in the 1830s by captured leaders of Cross River villages. This paper examines the process by which West African Ékpè members were able to understand contemporary Cuban Abakuá chants, and indicates how these texts may be used as historical documents. This methodology involves first recording and interpreting Abakuá chants with Cuban elders, and then interpreting these same chants with the aid of West African Èfik speakers. The correlation of data in these chants with those in documents created by Europeans and Africans from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries indicates a vocabulary that includes many geographic and ethnic names and an occasional historical figure. These examples may lead to a reevaluation of the extent to which African identity and culture were transmitted during the transAtlantic diaspora. Abakuá intellectuals have used commercial recordings to extol their history and ritual lineages. Evidence indicates that Cuban Abakuá identity is based on detailed knowledge of ritual lineages stemming from specific locations in their homelands, and not upon a vague notion of an African “national” or “ethnic” identity. The persistence of the Abakuá society contradicts the official construction of a Cuban national identity.

scholarly journals From Nursery Rhymes to Nationhood: Children’s Literature and the Construction of Canadian Identity by Elizabeth A. Galway

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Jon D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Canadian Identity ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
The Many ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

Focusing on children’s literature from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, From Nursery Rhymes to Nationhood provides scholars of folklore, literature and history with a much-needed text that examines the role children’s literature played in forming Canadian national identity. As a whole, the book is well-written and free of academic jargon, and Galway, using 115 primary sources (i.e. 19th and 20th century children’s literature) and at least twice as many secondary sources (largely contemporary academic texts from various disciplines, including history and English), details well the many themes and ideals that permeated children’s literature in this formative era.

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