scholarly journals Estudo da cinética de secagem em camada delgada da bráctea da macambira

Author(s):  
T. R. B. Pessoa ◽  
J. V. F. Portela ◽  
Â. A. El-Aouar ◽  
P. C. Martins

<p>A macambira é uma bromélia do sertão brasileiro e a sua principal utilização para consumo de suas brácteas é na forma de produtos secos, tais como a farinha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o processo de secagem em camada delgada da bráctea da macambira (<em>Bromelia laciniosa</em>, Mart.) in natura a diferentes temperaturas. A secagem convectiva foi realizada a 43, 49 e 56 °C em condições constantes de velocidade e umidade absoluta do ar. Foi utilizado um secador de leito fixo com escoamento de ar perpendicular as partículas, cujos ensaios de secagem foram conduzidos até que as amostras alcançassem massa constante. A cinética de secagem foi avaliada através das curvas experimentais de secagem. A difusividade efetiva média de umidade foi determinada através de correlações empíricas e da solução do modelo de Fick para a difusão de água líquida. O aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem provocou o aumento da taxa de secagem e a diminuição do conteúdo de umidade das amostras ao longo de toda operação. As correlações empíricas (análoga a lei de resfriamento de Newton e de Page) apresentaram melhores ajustes aos resultados experimentais em relação ao modelo de Fick. Os valores da difusividade média de umidade encontradas para a bráctea de macambira a 43, 49 e 56°C foi na ordem de 10-10 m/s². Os melhores resultados para a secagem de bráctea de macambira foi a 56°C.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Mathematical modeling and effective diffusivity of drying process of bract of macambira</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The macambira is a bromeliad in the Brazilian arid regions and its main use for consumption of its bract is in the form of dry products such as flour. The objective of this work was to study the drying process thin layer bract macambira (<em>Bromeliad laciniosa</em> Mart.) at different temperatures. The convective drying was performed at 43, 49 and 56 °C under constant air conditions of speed and absolute humidity. Experimental tests were conducted in a fixed-bed dryer with air flowing perpendicular to the sample the particles to obtain constant weight. Drying kinetics was evaluated using the experimental curves drying. The average effective moisture diffusivity was determined by empirical correlations and Fick's model solution for the diffusion of liquid water. The increase in drying air temperature caused an increase in the drying rate and decreased moisture content of the samples throughout operation. The empirical correlations (analogous to Newton's law of cooling and Page) had best fits the experimental results than the model of Fick. The values of average moisture diffusivity found for bract macambira at 43, 49 and 56 °C was in the order of 10<sup>-10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The best results for drying bract macambira was at 56 °C.</p>

Author(s):  
Narotam Soni

Fresh custard apple pulp was dehydrated using convective drying method to study the effect of drying temperatures on effective diffusivity of custard apple pulp. Dehydration characteristics of custard apple pulp for the convective drying experiment were studied. Moisture diffusivity (Deff) at 50, 55, 60 and 65° C temperatures was ranged from 3.20 x10-9 m2/s to 4.80 x 10-9 m2/s and activation energy was found 29.436 kJ/mol at air velocity of 2 m/s. The average drying time was decreased 16.67, 10.00 and 22.22 for per 5 °C temperature increase. It was also found that greater drying effect of 22 per cent reduction in drying time was observed for 60 to 65 °C temperature increase. During the drying experiment and data were recorded, it was found that highest drying rate during the drying process was about thrice of the average drying time. It can be deduced from the study that drying process was fast at higher temperature and as the drying temperature increased the effective moisture diffusivity was also increased.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Francisco Marto De Souza ◽  
Emmanuel Moreira Pereira ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Rosilene Agra Da Silva ◽  
Adriana Da Silva Santos ◽  
...  

The moringa presents great nutritional value thanks to its bioactive compounds, providing many benefits to human health. Therefore, this plant has been studied with the aim of being used as a food fortifier. The objective of this work was to describe the technological process in the production of moringa seed flour at different temperatures through numerical and analytical solutions and assess its final chemical quality. Moringa pods were obtained in experimental area and were treated by removing their seeds. A drying process was performed at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 °C) with progressive weighing on a semi-analytical scale until constant weight which was obtained after 2 hours of drying. The flour was obtained with the use of a knife mill. Empirical models of Lewis, Herdenson and Pabis, Peleg and Page were used to describe the dehydration curve of moringa seeds. Protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture contents were determined in the flours obtained at different temperatures. We verified that best fit model was Page’s, representing the best coefficients of determination and chi-squares. The Peleg model showed incoherent behavior, indicating that it is not ideal for simulating the drying process of moringa seeds at the studied temperatures. The temperature influenced the quality of the flour. The flour obtained at a temperature of 40 °C showed the best percentages of protein, ash, moisture and carbohydrates. For the lipid content, the best flour results was obtained at temperatures of 50 and 60 °C.


2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Hakim Semai ◽  
Amor Bouhdjar ◽  
Aissa Amari

The most effective way to preserve agricultural product is drying. However, vegetable drying is an energy-consuming procedure. Convective drying is the mode considered in this work. The study intends to explore a new way of pumpkin drying, which reduces drying time and minimizes heat consumption. The study considers pumpkin thin slices and pumpkin samples with cubic shape. The samples were subjected to free convection airflow at different temperatures (40 °C, 46 °C, 52 °C, and 60 °C) for each run. A varying airflow temperature was also considered. Airflow velocity was generated by buoyancy forces for each temperature. Drying curves were plotted and fitted to the widely used thin-layer drying models. The modified Page model came out as the best-fitted model. The effective diffusivity coefficient was determined for each case using the slope moisture curve.  It appeared that diffusivity was high and drying time was short, for high temperature. Drying processes for slice configuration and cube configuration showed that the latter was more efficient. When applying the regime of increasing temperatures to the cubic samples, data analysis showed that effective diffusivity was higher during the third step in comparison to all the other drying temperatures and the total drying time was similar to that obtained at drying regime on high temperature. With this procedure, the final consumed energy was much less and the time was shorter.


Author(s):  
Narjes Malekjani ◽  
Zahra Emam-Djomeh ◽  
Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi ◽  
Gholam Reza Askari

AbstractThe effects of microwave-convective drying as an efficient drying method, on drying kinetics of hazelnuts were studied. Drying experiments were conducted at three temperature (40, 50 and 60°C) and microwave power (0, 450 and 900 W) levels. The moisture ratio and the temperature of the hazelnuts were recorded during the drying. The results showed that microwave power had a more dominant effect than drying air temperature. Mathematical modeling was performed in order to predict the moisture changes during drying process. It was concluded that two term and Midilli et al. models were the best models to predict the drying kinetics of hazelnut in different conditions. The effective moisture diffusivities varied from 3.80327×10‒8to 1.71233×10‒6m2/s and had an increasing polynomial relationship with temperature and microwave power. The activation energy was also between 15.61675 and 41.0053 kJ/mol with a second-order relationship with microwave power.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sâmela Leal Barros ◽  
Newton Carlos Santos ◽  
Amanda Priscila da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Mylena Olga Pessoa Melo ◽  
Victor Herbert de Alcântara Ribeiro ◽  
...  

Sunflower almonds are widely marketed and have numerous technological applications. Through the drying process occurs the reduction of the water content of the product, a factor that contributes to increase its useful life. However, nutritional losses and physical damage can also occur. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures applied in the drying process on the physical-chemical characteristics of commercial sunflower almonds. Convective drying was performed using temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 80 °C. Afterwards, the samples before and after the drying process were analyzed with respect to the following parameters: moisture, water activity, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and energetic value to observe the influence of different drying temperatures on these attributes. It was verified that the increase of the temperature of the drying air causes an increase in the ash content, total solids, lipids, carbohydrates and energetic value. However, the reduction of moisture content, water activity and proteins was observed. There was no significant difference between the samples in relation to pH.


Author(s):  
Siti Asmaniyah Mardiyani ◽  
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan ◽  
Bambang Dwi Argo ◽  
Amin Setyo Leksono

Moisture diffusivity and activation energy are two important variables in a drying process to understand a certain product's drying behavior. This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based on solar energy (convective solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using the equation, which refers to Fick’s second law. The Arrhenius equation determines the activation energy value as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the normal logarithmic value of effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 °C were the highest. The regression analysis between the drying layers (X), and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with a coefficient determination R2 value of 0.85 (CCD 70 °C), 0.81 (CCD 60 °C), 0.88 (CCD 50 °C), and 0.48 (CSD). (R2) The higher moisture diffusivity values in CCD indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD. The drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD's activation energy was 36.36 kJ/mol.K, while the value of CSD's activation energy was 31.28 kJ/mol.K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.


2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Silva Almeida ◽  
M.A.F. Barbosa Fernandes ◽  
J.N. Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
W.M.P. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
...  

The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental study of clay brick drying. For the drying experiments, industrial holed bricks were dried in an oven under controlled conditions of velocity, temperature (constant and variable) and relative humidity of air. The continuous drying experiments ended when the mass reached constant weight. Experimental tests were performed under atmospheric pressure. Results of the drying and heating kinetics and volume variations during the process are shown and analyzed. It was verified that the drying process happens in the falling drying rate period, and air temperature has large influence in the drying rate during process. It was verified that the largest temperature, moisture content and stress gradients are located in the vertexes of the brick.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Luísa Fontes ◽  
Maria João Reis Lima

Abstract Thistle flowers, and particularly their stigmas, are used to coagulate milk in the production of a number of traditional Portuguese cheeses due to their high milk-clotting activity provided by the high content of aspartic proteases. The aim of the present work was to determine the mass transfer properties of thistle flower under different drying conditions: natural drying and convective drying. Convective drying took place in a convection chamber set at different temperatures (35 to 65 °C) and the process was terminated when the sample presented a moisture content of about 5% or less. The traditional drying method was also used, placing the thistle flowers in a dry place sheltered from the sun, and leaving them to dehydrate at the variable room temperature. The present work allowed for the conclusion that convective drying was much faster than natural drying, and that the drying rate increased with temperature. The drying curve revealed an initial constant rate period followed by a falling rate. All the five thin layer models tested to fit the experimental data were shown to adequately describe the drying of the thistle flowers, but the best one was the Page model. The drying constant increased with temperature as did the effective diffusivity and the mass transfer coefficient. The results allowed one to estimate the activation energy for moisture diffusion (57 kJ/mol) and for convective mass transfer (78 kJ/mol). Thus this study showed the possibilities for designing efficient drying processes for the thistle flower used for milk-clotting in the manufacture of traditional cheeses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Hakim Semai ◽  
Amor Bouhdjar ◽  
Aissa Amari

The most effective way to preserve agricultural product is drying. However, vegetable drying is an energy-consuming procedure. Convective drying is the mode considered in this work. The study intends to explore a new way of pumpkin drying, which reduces drying time and minimizes heat consumption. The study considers pumpkin thin slices and pumpkin samples with cubic shape. The samples were subjected to free convection airflow at different temperatures (40 °C, 46 °C, 52 °C, and 60 °C) for each run. A varying airflow temperature was also considered. Airflow velocity was generated by buoyancy forces for each temperature. Drying curves were plotted and fitted to the widely used thin-layer drying models. The modified Page model came out as the best-fitted model. The effective diffusivity coefficient was determined for each case using the slope moisture curve. It appeared that diffusivity was high and drying time was short, for high temperature. Drying processes for slice configuration and cube configuration showed that the latter was more efficient. When applying the regime of increasing temperatures to the cubic samples, data analysis showed that effective diffusivity was higher during the third step in comparison to all the other drying temperatures and the total drying time was similar to that obtained at drying regime on high temperature. With this procedure, the final consumed energy was much less and the time was shorter.


Author(s):  
G. S. Rosa ◽  
B. D. Zorzi ◽  
K. Machry ◽  
P. Krolow ◽  
C. M. Moura ◽  
...  

The aim of this work was to investigate the convective drying process of malt bagasse and to evaluate the influence of this process on the application of this residue as adsorbent in methylene blue removel by adsorption process. The experimental system for drying was a fixed bed dryer with parallel airflow, with operating conditions: air temperature in the range of 40 to 90 oC and air veocity of 2 m/s. The adsorption experiments were perfomed with solution of methylene blue at 70 ppm concentration. The drying kinetics showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate. The results obtained for the dye removal efficiency were 56% for in natura sample and in the range of 81.69% to 93.99% for dried samples.Keywords: dryin; malt bagasse; adsorption


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