Current Prevalence and Treatment Outcome of Paediatric Tuberculosis in a South Indian District - A 2 Year Retrospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 2229-2234
Author(s):  
Praveen Deen Kumar Namala ◽  
Praveena Basireddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND Knowledge about the diagnosis and the treatment outcome of paediatric tuberculosis is very much essential for functioning of tuberculosis (TB) control programs in most countries like India. The current study was done to determine the prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis, different modalities used for diagnosis, drug resistance pattern, HIV-TB co-infection rate and treatment outcome. METHODS A 2-year retrospective study was done among all registered paediatric tuberculosis cases aged 18 years and below, who were diagnosed during the period January 2018 to December 2019. Data was extracted from the files and was analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of paediatric tuberculosis was found to be 0.51 per 1000 population. The proportion of paediatric tuberculosis among total TB cases was 5.9 %. Among 14,596 total TB cases registered at District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) Anantapuramu, 867 (5.9 %) were paediatric TB cases, with a mean age of 12.5 ± 5.6 years. 62 % of the cases were above 12 years of age. Males (47.4 %) and females (52.6 %) were almost equally distributed (P > 0.05). 343 (39.6 %) cases were microbiologically confirmed TB and 524 (60.4 %) cases were clinically diagnosed TB. Drug resistance was found in 47 (13.7 %) of the 343 microbiologically confirmed TB cases. Of the total 867 paediatric TB cases studied, pulmonary type (56 %) was predominant than extra pulmonary type (44 %) (P < 0.05). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co infection was found in 24 (2.8 %) cases. 423 cases (65.5 %) successfully completed the treatment and 173 cases (26.8 %) were cured adding to a favourable outcome of 92.3 %. 3 (0.5 %) cases had treatment failure, 35 (5.4 %) were defaulters and 12 (1.8 %) cases died during the treatment, adding to a poor outcome of about 7.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Majority of the paediatric tuberculosis cases were diagnosed clinically rather than microbiological confirmation. Efforts should be made to further improve the availability and sensitivity of diagnostic methods of paediatric TB. KEYWORDS Paediatric Tuberculosis, Drug Resistant TB, HIV TB Co Infection

scholarly journals Drug Resistance Pattern of MTB Isolates from PTB Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Ranganath ◽  
Vijay G. S. Kumar ◽  
Ravi Ranganath ◽  
Gangadhar Goud ◽  
Veerabhadra Javali
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background. TB is a global pandemic disease. All TB control programs were not successful due to the emergence of multidrug resistance inM. tuberculosisstrains. Objective of the present study was to detect the rate of MDR-MTB in this part of India.Methods. One hundred and thirty clinical MTB strains isolated from patients on treatment and confirmed as MTB by MPT64 antigen detection were tested for drug susceptibility against Streptomycin, INH, Rifampicin, and Ethambutol by MBBact automated system.Result. Thirty-two were MDRs (25.61%). 31.2%, 28%, 17.6%, and 21.6% were resistant to INH, RIF, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin, respectively. Resistance to either INH or Rifampicin was 20.8% and 13.88%, respectively. Combined INH and Rifampicin resistance was seen in 18.05% isolates.Conclusion. Drug resistance rate is high in patients treated previously and who have been irregular on treatment.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

scholarly journals Newly Emerged Serotype 1c of Shigella flexneri: Multiple Origins and Changing Drug Resistance Landscape

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Pawan Parajuli ◽  
Bui Quang Minh ◽  
Naresh K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella flexneri is a major cause of under-five mortality in developing countries, where a novel S. flexneri serotype 1c has become very common since the 1980s. However, the origin and diversification of serotype 1c remain poorly understood. To understand the evolution of serotype 1c and their antimicrobial resistance, we sequenced and analyzed the whole-genome of 85 clinical isolates from the United Kingdom, Egypt, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan belonging to serotype 1c and related serotypes of 1a, 1b and Y/Yv. We identified up to three distinct O-antigen modifying genes in S. flexneri 1c strains, which were acquired from three different bacteriophages. Our analysis shows that S. flexneri 1c strains have originated from serotype 1a and serotype 1b strains after the acquisition of bacteriophage-encoding gtrIc operon. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using core genes suggests two distinct S. flexneri 1c lineages, one specific to Bangladesh, which originated from ancestral serotype 1a strains and the other from the United Kingdom, Egypt, and Vietnam originated from ancestral serotype 1b strains. We also identified 63 isolates containing multiple drug-resistant genes in them conferring resistance against streptomycin, sulfonamide, quinolone, trimethoprim, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactamase. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility assays showed 83 (97.6%) isolates as either complete or intermediate resistance to the WHO-recommended first- and second-line drugs. This changing drug resistance pattern demonstrates the urgent need for drug resistance surveillance and renewed treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis in those who developed the disease after exposure to MDR/XDR pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
K. A. Glebov ◽  
V. A. Guseva ◽  
I. A. Burmistrova ◽  
O. V. Lovacheva ◽  
A. G. Samoylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

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scholarly journals Prevalence and Drug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Milk and Milk Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338-1346
Author(s):  
Monika Soni ◽  
Abhishek Gaurav ◽  
Bincy Joseph ◽  
S. S. Shekhawat ◽  
Subhash Chand Meena
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern
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