Conversion of Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases on Commercial Nickel Catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
R. E. Yakovenko ◽  
V. B. Ilyin ◽  
A. P. Savostyanov ◽  
I. N. Zubkov ◽  
A. V. Dulnev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Conversion Of Methane ◽  
Fixed Catalyst ◽  
Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Gas Ratio

The two-step conversion of industrial liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) on NIAP-07-01 (NKM-1) and NIAP-03-01 catalysts for the production of hydrogen-containing gases was investigated. The experiments were carried out in flow reactors with a fixed catalyst bed at a pressure of 0.1 MPa under the following conditions: temperature 350–450 °C, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) 1000–3000 h–1, steam-gas ratio 4 : 1–8 : 1 (pre-reforming); and temperature 700 °C, GHSV 2000 h–1, air-gas ratio 1.2 : 1 (steam-air reforming). Under the studied conditions, the concentrations of components of the converted gas correspond to the equilibrium values calculated within the Peng-Robinson model. The conversion of methane homologs in the pre-reforming step was found to be virtually 100 %; therewith, the methane concentration reached 32–54 %, and that of hydrogen, 24–47 %. To prevent the formation of elemental carbon (carbonization), pre-reforming of hydrocarbon gases with a high methane equivalent should be performed at H2O : C > 2. In the two-step reforming, the yield of hydrogen-containing gas reaches 15.6 m3 from 1 m3 of the initial LHG with the hydrogen content 41.81 %, and the total content of CO and H2 exceeds 52 %.

Conversion of Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases on Industrial Nickel Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
R. E. Yakovenko ◽  
V. B. Il’in ◽  
A. P. Savost’yanov ◽  
I. N. Zubkov ◽  
A. V. Dul’nev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Liquefied Hydrocarbon Gases

Production of Hydrogen-Rich Gas Through Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Two-Stage Reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Lv ◽  
Na Deng ◽  
Lifei Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Gas Space ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass is quite abundant in the world, particularly in some countries like China. China has large quantities of straw and/or stalk-origin biomass resources and the attention is currently being paid to the exploitation of these resources to produce energy products via different technical solutions, among of which pyrolysis of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gas is very promising as hydrogen is a very clear energy carrier. In this work, pyrolysis of rice straw, corn stalk and sawdust was carried out in a two-stage reactor (the first-stage reactor is a conventional fixed-bed pyrolyser, and the second-stage reactor is a catalytic fixed bed) to produce hydrogen-rich gas. The effect of catalytic bed on the pyrolysis behaviour have been investigated, with the emphasis on final product particularly hydrogen. The operation of the catalytic reactor appears significant in promoting biomass pyrolysis towards the production of gaseous products, especially hydrogen. At 750°C of the pyrolyser with rice straw as fuel, the use of the catalytic bed leads to the increases of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.50 Nm3/kg, approximately 22% increase, and of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 50.80% in volume, approximately 50.3% increase, respectively. Compared with calcined dolomite, fresh nickel-based catalyst shows stronger catalytic effect on the pyrolysis of rice straw as its use in the catalytic bed results in the increase of gas yield from 0.41 Nm3/kg to 0.56 Nm3/kg, approximately 36.6% increase, and the increase of H2 concentration from 33.79% to 59.55% in volume, approximately 76.2% increase. Furthermore, two catalysts follow the same trend for the pyrolysis of corn stalk and sawdust. At temperature of 815°C, catalysts also follow the same trend. Catalytic bed can significantly reduce the level of tar which is carried out with the producer gas, to less than 1% of original level. Catalyst load or gas space velocity (hourly) has the influence on the gas yield and H2 concentration. 30% of load, i.e. gas space velocity (hourly) 0.9 × 104 h−1, appears reasonable. Beyond that, gas yield and H2 concentration remain almost unchanged.

scholarly journals Effects of the Carbon Support Doping with Nitrogen for the Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid over Ni Catalysts

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina D. Nishchakova ◽  
Dmitri A. Bulushev ◽  
Olga A. Stonkus ◽  
Igor P. Asanov ◽  
Arcady V. Ishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Free Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

Porous nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-free carbon materials possessing high specific surface areas (400–1000 m2 g−1) were used for deposition of Ni by impregnation with nickel acetate followed by reduction. The nitrogen-doped materials synthesized by decomposition of acetonitrile at 973, 1073, and 1173 K did not differ much in the total content of incorporated nitrogen (4–5 at%), but differed in the ratio of the chemical forms of nitrogen. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the rise in the synthesis temperature led to a strong growth of the content of graphitic nitrogen on the support accompanied by a reduction of the content of pyrrolic nitrogen. The content of pyridinic nitrogen did not change significantly. The prepared nickel catalysts supported on nitrogen-doped carbons showed by a factor of up to two higher conversion of formic acid as compared to that of the nickel catalyst supported on the nitrogen-free carbon. This was related to stabilization of Ni in the state of single Ni2+ cations or a few atoms clusters by the pyridinic nitrogen sites. The nitrogen-doped nickel catalysts possessed a high stability in the reaction at least within 5 h and a high selectivity to hydrogen (97%).

Kinetic Studies of Hydrodeoxygenation of Ethyl Ester of Decane Acid over a Ni-Cu-Mo/Al2O3 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
R. G. Kukushkin ◽  
S. I. Reshetnikov ◽  
S. G. Zavarukhin ◽  
P. M. Eletskiy ◽  
V. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Fixed Catalyst

Nickel-based catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils are an alternative to the systems based on noble metals and sulfide catalysts for hydrotreatment. Modification of the nickel catalysts with molybdenum and copper allows the yield of target products to be increased and the corrosion resistance of the catalytic system to be improved. The studies were aimed at establishing relationships between temperature, contact time and activity of the modified nickel-containing catalyst to hydroxygenation of esters of fatty carboxylic acids, as well as at determining effective kinetic parameters of the reactant consumption. A flow reactor with the fixed catalyst bed was used for experimental studies at РН2 = 0.25 MPa, temperatures 270, 285, 300 and 315 °C, contact time varied from 600 to 1800 s. It was shown that the selectivity to the main reaction products – nonane and decane – did not change upon varying the reaction temperature and contact time. The experimental data were used for determining the effective rate constants and activation energy of the reaction.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Co/Ni/CoNi-ZSM-5 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06013
Author(s):  
Widayat Widayat ◽  
Arianti Nuur Annisa ◽  
Hantoro Satriadi ◽  
Syaiful Syaiful
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Crystalline Product ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Nickel is commonly used as a catalyst in hydrogen production. However, the use of nickel catalysts in the steam reforming process has the disadvantage of coke formation and high cost. Therefore, in this research, Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst synthesis was used to reduce production cost and an addition of cobalt (Co) metal to avoid coke formation. The method consists of a synthesis of ZSM-5 catalyst using hydrothermal process. Furthermore, the crystalline product was impregnated with the metal cobalt, nickel and combination of cobalt-nickel as much as 2% by weight metal/weight of the catalyst. Then the XRD and EDX characterization of Co/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5, and CoNi/ZSM-5 was done followed by catalytic testing in the production of hydrogen from glycerol using steam reforming process. From XRD characterization results showed that Co/ZSM-5 catalyst has a crystallinity of 78.69%, Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has 70.04% crystallinity and CoNi/ZSM-5 catalyst has 76.99% crystallinity. Catalytic testing on hydrogen production showed that CoNi/ZSM-5 catalyst produced the highest hydrogen concentration of 1,756.33 ppm while Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst produces 1,240 ppm and Co/ZSM-5 catalyst produces 491 ppm.

scholarly journals Flexible hybrid process for combined production of heat, power and renewable feedstock for refineries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Kurkela ◽  
Minna Kurkela ◽  
Christian Frilund ◽  
Ilkka Hiltunen ◽  
Benjamin Rollins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts

A flexible combined heat, power and fuel production concept, FlexCHX, is being developed for managing the seasonal mismatch between solar energy supply and the demand for heat and power characteristic of Northern and Central Europe. The process produces an intermediate energy carrier (Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon product), which can be refined to transportation fuels using existing refineries. The FlexCHX process can be integrated into various combined heat and power production systems, both industrial CHPs and communal district heating units. In the summer season, renewable fuels are produced from biomass and hydrogen; the hydrogen is produced from water via electrolysis that is driven by low-cost excess electricity from the grid. In the dark winter season, the plant is operated only with biomass in order to maximize the production of the much-needed heat, electricity and FT hydrocarbons. Most of the invested plant components are in full use throughout the year with only the electrolysis unit being operated seasonally. The catalytic reformer plays a key role in this process by converting tars and light hydrocarbon gases into synthesis gas and by bringing the main gas constituents towards equilibrium. Developmental precious metal catalysts were used, and an optimal reformer concept was established and tested at pilot scale. Reforming results obtained at pilot gasification tests with commercial nickel catalysts and with the developed precious metal catalysts are presented.

scholarly journals ELECTROTHERMAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNIQUE USING FOR REALIZATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
K.V. Simeiko ◽  
B.K. Ilienko ◽  
M.A. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Artificial Graphite ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Temperature Heating

When implementing a number of high-temperature processes with heat supply to the reaction zone (allothermic processes), it is impossible or economically inexpedient the burning of fossil fuels to achieve the required temperature level. The possibilities of these processes implementation through the use of electrothermal fluidized bed (ETFB) techniques are considered. Such processes include, for example, the production of hydrogen by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases, the production of silicon carbide and other carbides, the production of artificial graphite and the thermal purification of natural graphite, the high-temperature heating of gases and gas mixtures. These processes can be carried out in the temperature range of 600–3000 °С using fine-dispersed materials or directly in the gas phase using ETFB. In a number of processes ETFB technology can be applied as a source of high temperature gas production, used either for the implementation of this technological process, or for ensuring the operation of technological or heat engineering equipment. Also considered the main structural characteristics of the equipment that ensure the implementation of processes in the ETPS. Bibl. 37.

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