scholarly journals Realidades em disputa: a proposição da prática alimentar da multimistura | Realities in dispute: a proposition of "multimixture" nutrition practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Da Costa Marques
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Children

Resumo A história da proposição da prática alimentar da multimistura está fortemente marcada pelo seu (des)encontro com os conhecimentos científicos, especialmente com os conhecimentos científicos sobre a nutrição. O embate entre os nutricionistas e os defensores da multimistura vem sendo travado, principalmente a partir do começo da década de 1990, quando a multimistura chegou a adquirir os contornos de um programa governamental para a alimentação infantil no Brasil. Ofereço três histórias desse (des)encontro. Cada uma dessas histórias habita o universo sócio-político-econômico-cognitivo da nutrição infantil com entidades que se apresentam como de naturezas diferentes em disputa pela realidade da alimentação infantil no Brasil.Palavras-chave multimistura, ciência, política, nutrição, históriaAbstract The history of the proposition of multimixture as a practice of nourishment is marked by its confrontation with scientific knowledge, especially about nutrition. Since the beginning of the 1990s, when multimixture was about to configure a governmental program to fight malnutrition among poor children, fierce disputes have arisen between nutritionists and supporters of the use of multimixture. I tell three stories about these disputes. Each of these three stories inhabits the cognitive economic-political-social universe of infant nutrition with entities that present themselves as of different natures disputing reality in infant nutrition in Brazil.Keywords multimistura, science, policy, nutrition, history

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

A Climate for Science Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Federal Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Second World

Led by the Meteorological Service of Canada, atmospheric research in Canada underwent a period of rapid growth after the end of the Second World War. Within this federal organization, and in response to operational challenges and staff shortages, there were significant investments in basic research and in research oriented toward external users within Canada. Specifically, new policies and programs were put in place to enable the organization to gain legitimacy within the scientific community and within the federal government. New links with stakeholders and, more importantly, the development of explicit policies to guide research were a prime focus. These formalized strategies for pursuing two parallel types of research generated some internal conflict, but also helped form a common scientific identity among personnel. There were concerted efforts to disseminate research products and reinforce links both with the scientific community and with external users of meteorological and climatological research. Borne out by quantitative data, this science policy–centered history sheds light on the development of research and research specializations in the field in Canada. Most importantly, it provides insight into the global postwar expansion of the atmospheric sciences, which is strongly tied to national contexts. Indeed, the quest for legitimacy and the close connection to government priorities is central to the history of the atmospheric sciences in the twentieth century. More broadly, this case study points to a possible new conception of government science driven by political, bureaucratic, and scientific imperatives, as a means to shed light on scientific networks and practices.

scholarly journals Problem discourse of textbook

Psihologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Jelena Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Problem Structuring ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Problem

This paper deals with various reasons for treating the problematisation of textbook discourse as an important aspect of its educational design. These reasons are derived from: the nature of learning process, the nature of scientific knowledge and both motivational and cognitive saint achieved through a problematisation of learning material. Implications drawn from these considerations, along with textbook genre possibilities and constrains, lead us to define some basic strategies of textbook discourse problematisation. They refer to: way of presenting knowledge (problem structuring of text, presenting the history of knowledge and different perspectives); use of specific questions and tasks; metacognitive support of the learning process and specific type of textbook language (dialogical problem focused, language of thinking).

scholarly journals THE BODY IN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN THEATRE: CULTURAL VARIABILITY OF SHAME

Articult ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Leila F. Salimova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Considerable Body

Modern scientific knowledge approaches the study of the physical and aesthetic bodies with a considerable body of texts. However, on the territory of the theater, the body is still considered exclusively from the point of view of the actor's artistic tools. Theatrical physicality and the character of physical empathy in the theater are not limited to the boundaries of the performing arts, but exist in close relationship with the visual and empirical experience of the spectator, performer, and director. The aesthetic and ethical aspect of the attitude to the body in the history of theatrical art has repeatedly changed, including under the influence of changing cultural criteria of "shameful". The culmination of the demarcation of theatrical shame, it would seem, should be an act of pure art, independent of the moral restrictions of society. However, the experiments of modern theater continue to face archaic ethical views. The article attempts to understand the cultural variability of such a phenomenon as shame in its historical and cultural extent using examples from theater art from antiquity to the present day.

scholarly journals G. Roerich’s contribution to history of Russian expeditions in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Alla Mihaylovna Shustova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Central Tibet ◽  
Important Basis

The study of G. Roerichs scientific heritage is at its beginning. An important basis of Roerichs many-sided scientific activities were his investigations during the expeditions in Asia. The longest, most dangerous and laborious among them was the Central Asiatic expedition of his father - N.K. Roerich. The goal of this article is to examine G.N. Roerichs activities on every stage of the Central Asiatic expedition, as well as G.N. Roerichs works, publishing the results of the expedition research. G.N. Roerich presented the basic results in his monograph Trails to Inmost Asia: Five years of exploration with the Roerich Central Asian Expedition published in English in USA in 1931. Roerichs description of North and Central Tibet is unique because the theocratic state in Tibet and nomad tribes, which Roerich had observed, are no more existing. Roerichs field investigations continued the historical tradition of Russian expeditions in Central Asia. It extended our scientific knowledge about the insufficiently known regions in Asia.

scholarly journals Scientific Community in Algeria: Adopting Traditions and Developing Identity

2014 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
T. I. Tyukaeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
National Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science And Research

The history of scientific development in Algeria, which has not been long, represents a series of continual rises and falls. The Algerian leadership and researchers have been making efforts to create Algeria's national science through protection from the western scientific tradition, which is reminiscent of the colonial period of the country, and at the same time adoption of scientific knowledge and scientific institutions functioning principles from abroad, with no organizational or scientific experience of their own. Since the time the independent Algerian state was established, its scientific development has been inevitably coupled with active support of European countries, especially France, and other western and non-western states. Today the Algerian leadership is highly devoted to the modernization of the national scientific and research potential in strong cooperation with its foreign partners. The article concentrates on examining the present period (the 2000s) of the scientific development in Algeria. The main conclusion is that there still is a number of problems - for Algeria until now lacks an integral scientific community with the state preserving its dominating role in science and research activities. Despite these difficulties, the Algerian science has made an outstanding progress. The efficiently built organizational scientific structure, the growing science and technology cooperation with foreign countries as well as the increasing state expenses in science allow to hope for further success of the Algerian scientific development.

scholarly journals Teaching and learning nature of scientific knowledge: Is it Déjà vu all over again?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Lederman ◽  
Judith S. Lederman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Curriculum And Instruction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Déjà Vu ◽  
Teaching Learning

AbstractThis review traces the history of research on the teaching and learning of nature of scientific knowledge (NOSK), and its implications for curriculum and instruction. Initially, the complex rubric of NOSK is clearly conceptualized, while recognizing that there is no singularly accepted definition. As part of this conceptualization NOSK is distinguished from the body of scientific knowledge and science practices/inquiry, the latter of which is often conflated with NOSK. The empirical research on NOSK related to teaching, learning, and assessment is briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of the challenges that teachers face and a delineation of research foci that can help alleviate teachers’ challenges. Finally, a variety of important questions yet to be answered are delineated and explained.

scholarly journals Venous hemodynamics, knowledge and miracles

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Venous Leg Ulcers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Miraculous Healing

The occurrence of the Peregrine's ulcer is scientifically explainable but its miraculous healing in one night cannot be explained by the current scientific knowledge. The long history of fluid mechanics, anatomic and pathophysiologic discoveries led to the better knowledge of hemodynamics in pathophysiology. The last technologies provided strong means to the assessment of venous insufficiency, especially Duplex Ultrasound. Renewed hemodynamic concepts provide a better explanation of the pathophysiology of venous leg ulcers as well as reliable outcomes and less recurrences for varicose veins and ulcers.

How Population Became an Environmental Problem

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Jade S. Sasser
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Political Advocacy ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Population Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

Chapter 2 explores the history of how population came to be known as an environmental problem, emerging through debates about eugenics, war, geopolitical stability, and land use. I begin the chapter by exploring how population was first identified as a central problem of state-making and security, and its role in the evolution of ecological sciences. Next, I trace the ways the environmental sciences and population politics have entwined and overlapped in subsequent decades. Throughout, I analyze the ways knowledge production linking population to environmental problems moved between political advocacy motivated by concerns about war and geopolitical security, concerns about planetary limits, and a site of scientific knowledge development and struggle.

The influence of scientific knowledge on mollusk and arthropod illustration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sendino
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Original Form ◽  
General Shape ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT Our attraction to fossils is almost as old as humans themselves, and the way fossils are represented has changed and evolved with technology and with our knowledge of these organisms. Invertebrates were the first fossils to be represented in books and illustrated according to their original form. The first worldwide illustrations of paleoinvertebrates by recognized authors, such as Christophorus Encelius and Conrad Gessner, considered only their general shape. Over time, paleoillustrations became more accurate and showed the position of organisms when they were alive and as they had appeared when found. Encyclopedic works such as those of the Sowerbys or Joachim Barrande have left an important legacy on fossil invertebrates, summarizing the knowledge of their time. Currently, new discoveries, techniques, and comparison with extant specimens are changing the way in which the same organisms are shown in life position, with previously overlooked taxonomically important elements being displayed using modern techniques. This chapter will cover the history of illustrations, unpublished nineteenth-century author illustrations, examples showing fossil reconstructions, new techniques and their influence on taxonomical work with regard to illustration, and the evolution of paleoinvertebrate illustration.

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